Correlation between altitude and reproductive allocation in three Saussurea species on China’s Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00039

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The study of reproductive allocation is important to understand the environmental factors that contribute to population differences and species evolution. Our objective is to examine variation in reproductive allocation among 30 populations representing three Saussurea species across an elevation gradient on China’s Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau.
Methods We used population means to evaluate sources of variation in reproductive allocation within species. In addition, we used the sample investigation method and dry weight to evaluate biomass.
Important findings Reproductive allocation is negatively correlated with mean plant size; however, this relationship is not statistically significant when the effect of elevation is controlled statistically. Among populations within species, reproductive allocation increases with elevation, and this relationship persists even when the effect of mean plant size is controlled statistically. Altitude is a main influence on reproductive allocation.

Key words: altitude, correlation, individual size, reproductive allocation, Saussurea

WANG Yi-Feng, LIU Qi-Qian, PEI Ze-Yu, LI Hai-Yan. Correlation between altitude and reproductive allocation in three Saussurea species on China’s Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2012, 36(1): 39-46.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00039

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2012/V36/I1/39

Figures/Tables 7

References 32

[1]	Arroyo MTK, Armesto JJ, Primack RB (1985). Community studies in pollination ecology in the high temperate Andes of Central Chile. II. Effect of temperature on visitation rates and pollination possibilities. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 149,187-203.
[2]	Bingham RA, Orthner AR (1998). Efficient pollination of alpine plants. Nature, 391,238-239.
[3]	Bliss LC (1971). Arctic and alpine plant life cycles. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 2,405-438.
[4]	de Jong TJ, Klinkhamer PGL (1989). Size-dependency of sex-allocation in hermaphroditic, monocarpic plants. Functional Ecology, 3,201-206.
[5]	Du GZ (杜国祯), Wang G (王刚) (1995). Succession and qualitative change of artificial grassland of Gan Nan subalpine meadow. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 37,306-313. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	Ellenberg H (1988). Vegetation Ecology of Central Europe. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
[7]	Fabbro T, Körner C (2004). Altitudinal differences in flower traits and reproductive allocation. Flora, 199,70-81.
[8]	Friend AD, Woodward FI (1990). Evolutionary and ecophysiological responses of mountain plants to the growing season environment. Advances in Ecological Research, 20,59-124.
[9]	Guo H, Mazer SJ, Du GZ (2010). Geographic variation in primary sex allocation per flower within and among 12 species of Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae): proportional male investment increases with elevation. American Journal of Botany, 97,1334-1341. URL PMID
[10]	Harper JL (1997). Population Biology of Plant. Academic Press, London.33-151.
[11]	Hautier Y, Randin CF, Stöcklin J, Guisan A (2009). Changes in reproductive investment with altitude in an alpine plant. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2,125-134.
[12]	He YH (何玉惠), Zhao HL (赵哈林), Liu XP (刘新平), Zhao XY (赵学勇), Li YL (李玉霖), Zhao W (赵玮) (2009). Reproductive allocation and its relationship with the size of Corispermum elongatum in different sandy habitats. Arid Zone Research (干旱区研究), 26,59-64. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	Hemborg AM, Karlsson PS (1998). Altitudinal variation in size effects on plant reproductive effort and somatic costs of reproduction. Ecoscience, 5,517-525.
[14]	Hutchings MJ (1997) Resource allocation patterns in clonal herbs and their consequences for growth. In: Bazzaz FA, Grace J eds. Plant Resource Allocation. Academic Press, New York. 161-186.
[15]	Kawano S, Masuda J (1980). The productive and reproductive biology of flowering plants. VII. Resource allocation and reproductive capacity in wild populations of Heloniopsis orientalis (Thunb.) C. Tanaka (Liliaceae). Oecologia, 45,307-317. URL PMID
[16]	Körner C, Neumayer M, Pelaez Menendez-Riedl S, Scheel-Smeets JA (1989). Functional morphology of mountain plants. Flora, 182,353-383.
[17]	Mani MS (1962). Introduction to High Altitude Entomology: Insect Life Above Timberline in the Northwestern Himalayas. Methuen, London.
[18]	Méndez M, Traveset A (2003). Sexual allocation in single- flowered hermaphroditic individual in relation to plant and flower size. Oecologia, 137,69-75. DOI URL PMID
[19]	Pickering CM (1994). Size-dependent reproduction in Australian alpine Ranunculus. Australian Journal of Botany, 19,336-344.
[20]	Reekie EG (1998). An explanation for size-dependent reproductive allocation in Plantago maior. Canadian Journal of Botany, 76,43-50.
[21]	Shi Z (石铸), Jin SY (靳淑英) (1999). Flora of China (中国植物志), Tomus 78. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[22]	Soule JD, Werner PA (1981). Patterns of resource allocation in plants, with special reference to Potentilla recta L. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 108,311-319.
[23]	Suzuki S (1998). Leaf phenology, seasonal changes in leaf quality and herbivory pattern of Sanguisorba tenuifolia at different altitudes. Oecologia, 117,169-176. URL PMID
[24]	Wang Y (王赟), Hu LJ (胡莉娟), Duan YW (段元文), Yang YP (杨永平) (2010). Altitudinal variations in reproductive allocation of Bergenia purpurascens (Saxifragaceae). Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 32,270-280. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]	Wang YF (王一峰), Gao HY (高宏岩), Shi HY (施海燕) Wang JH (王剑虹), Du GZ (杜国祯) (2008). Adaptive significance of Saussurea parviflora’s sexual organs, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version)(植物生态学报), 32,379-384. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	Weiner J (1988). The influence of competition on plant reproduction. In: Lovett Doust J, Lovett Doust L eds. Plant Reproductive Ecology: Patterns and Strategies. Oxford University Press, New York. 228-245.
[27]	Zhang DY, Jiang XH (2002). Size-dependent resource allocation and sex allocation in herbaceous perennial plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 15,74-83.
[28]	Zhang JG (张景光), Zhang ZS (张志山), Wang XP (王新平), Li XR (李新荣), Wang S (王桑), Ma FY (马风云) (2005). Reproductive allocation of annual plant Eragrostis poaeoides in planted area for sand fixation in Shapotou Region. Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠), 25,202-206. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	Zhang LJ (张林静), Shi YX (石云霞), Pan XL (潘晓玲) (2007). Analysis of correlativity between reproductive allocation and altitude in plants. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition) (西北大学学报(自然科学版)), 37,77-90. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	Zhao F (赵方), Yang YP (杨永平) (2008). Reproductive allocation in a dioecious perennial Oxyria sinensis (Polygonaceae) along altitudinal gradients. Journal of Systematics and Evolution(植物分类学报), 46,830-835. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	Zhao ZG (赵志刚), Du GZ (杜国祯), Ren QJ (任青吉) (2004). Size-dependent reproduction and sex allocation in five species of Ranunculaceae. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 28,9-16. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]	Zhao ZG, Du GZ, Zhou XH, Wang MT, Ren QJ (2006). Variations with altitude in reproductive traits and resource allocation of three Tibetan species of Ranunculaceae. Australian Journal of Botany, 54,691-700.

种名 Species name	编号 No.	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Elevation (m)	生境 Habitat	采集日期 Collection date
柳叶菜风毛菊 Saussurea epilobioides	52	35o1'8" E, 102o54'52" N	2 800	山坡灌丛 Hillside shrub	2009-9-10
	179	34o27'41" E, 103o5'54" N	3 100	山坡灌丛草地 Hillside bushes and meadow	2009-9-12
	10	34o25'51" E, 103o36'14" N	3 200	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-12
	58	34o3'42" E, 103o13'49" N	3 300	山坡草地灌丛 Hillside meadow and shrub	2009-9-15
	166	33o59'37" E, 102o2'28" N	3 400	山坡灌丛 Hillside shrub	2009-9-13
	98	34o3'42" E, 103o13'49" N	3 400	山坡草地灌丛 Hillside meadow and shrub	2009-9-15
	150	34o5'6" E, 101o42'51" N	3 420	灌丛 Shrub	2009-9-13
	155	34o1'48" E, 102o4'46" N	3 600	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-13
	106	34o3'42" E, 103o13'49" N	3 700	山坡草地河边 Hillside meadow of riverside	2009-9-15
	39	34o56'32" E, 103o46'1" N	3 800	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-13
	211	34o1'48" E, 102o4'46" N	4 000	草滩 Grass land	2009-9-13
尖苞风毛菊 S. subulisquama	128	35o0'15" E, 102o54'19" N	2 800	山坡灌丛 Hillside shrub	2009-9-17
	76	35o1'44" E, 102o54'32" N	3 200	山坡灌丛 Hillside shrub	2009-9-10
	191	34o3'42" E, 103o13'49" N	3 300	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-10
	174	34o0'9" E, 102o3'47" N	3 420	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-15
	208	34o4'52" E, 103o13'14" N	3 580	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-13
	70	34o4'52" E, 103o13'14" N	3 850	沙地 Sand land	2009-9-17
	162	34o56'32" E, 103o46'1" N	3 800	沙坡草地 Shapo meadow	2009-9-17
	206	34o1'48" E, 102o4'46" N	4 000	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-13
钝苞雪莲 S. nigrescens	121	34o56'32" E, 103o46'1" N	2 800	路边岩石 Rocks of roadside	2009.9.16
	61	34o12'46" E, 103o53'47" N	3 100	沟谷, 路边 Gully, roadside	2009-9-15
	124	34o57'47" E, 103o39'43" N	3 200	路边灌丛 Roadside shrub	2009-9-16
	123	34o56'32" E, 103o46'1" N	3 300	路旁, 岩石 Roadside, rock	2009-9-16
	78	34o49'4" E, 102o41'26" N	3 400	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-14
	25	34o25'51" E, 103o36'14" N	3 400	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-12
	212	34o4'0" E, 101o55'5" N	3 420	草地 Meadow	2009-9-13
	33	34o4'0" E, 101o55'5" N	3 600	草地 Meadow	2009-9-13
	84	34o49'4" E, 102o41'26" N	3700	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-14
	38	34o1'48" E, 102o4'46" N	3 800	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-13
	158	33o22'11" E, 33o22'11" N	4 000	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-13

种名 Species name	编号 No.	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Elevation (m)	生境 Habitat	采集日期 Collection date
柳叶菜风毛菊 Saussurea epilobioides	52	35o1'8" E, 102o54'52" N	2 800	山坡灌丛 Hillside shrub	2009-9-10
	179	34o27'41" E, 103o5'54" N	3 100	山坡灌丛草地 Hillside bushes and meadow	2009-9-12
	10	34o25'51" E, 103o36'14" N	3 200	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-12
	58	34o3'42" E, 103o13'49" N	3 300	山坡草地灌丛 Hillside meadow and shrub	2009-9-15
	166	33o59'37" E, 102o2'28" N	3 400	山坡灌丛 Hillside shrub	2009-9-13
	98	34o3'42" E, 103o13'49" N	3 400	山坡草地灌丛 Hillside meadow and shrub	2009-9-15
	150	34o5'6" E, 101o42'51" N	3 420	灌丛 Shrub	2009-9-13
	155	34o1'48" E, 102o4'46" N	3 600	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-13
	106	34o3'42" E, 103o13'49" N	3 700	山坡草地河边 Hillside meadow of riverside	2009-9-15
	39	34o56'32" E, 103o46'1" N	3 800	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-13
	211	34o1'48" E, 102o4'46" N	4 000	草滩 Grass land	2009-9-13
尖苞风毛菊 S. subulisquama	128	35o0'15" E, 102o54'19" N	2 800	山坡灌丛 Hillside shrub	2009-9-17
	76	35o1'44" E, 102o54'32" N	3 200	山坡灌丛 Hillside shrub	2009-9-10
	191	34o3'42" E, 103o13'49" N	3 300	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-10
	174	34o0'9" E, 102o3'47" N	3 420	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-15
	208	34o4'52" E, 103o13'14" N	3 580	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-13
	70	34o4'52" E, 103o13'14" N	3 850	沙地 Sand land	2009-9-17
	162	34o56'32" E, 103o46'1" N	3 800	沙坡草地 Shapo meadow	2009-9-17
	206	34o1'48" E, 102o4'46" N	4 000	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-13
钝苞雪莲 S. nigrescens	121	34o56'32" E, 103o46'1" N	2 800	路边岩石 Rocks of roadside	2009.9.16
	61	34o12'46" E, 103o53'47" N	3 100	沟谷, 路边 Gully, roadside	2009-9-15
	124	34o57'47" E, 103o39'43" N	3 200	路边灌丛 Roadside shrub	2009-9-16
	123	34o56'32" E, 103o46'1" N	3 300	路旁, 岩石 Roadside, rock	2009-9-16
	78	34o49'4" E, 102o41'26" N	3 400	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-14
	25	34o25'51" E, 103o36'14" N	3 400	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-12
	212	34o4'0" E, 101o55'5" N	3 420	草地 Meadow	2009-9-13
	33	34o4'0" E, 101o55'5" N	3 600	草地 Meadow	2009-9-13
	84	34o49'4" E, 102o41'26" N	3700	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-14
	38	34o1'48" E, 102o4'46" N	3 800	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-13
	158	33o22'11" E, 33o22'11" N	4 000	山坡草地 Hillside meadow	2009-9-13