Effects of spacing interval of wide bed planting on canopy characteristics and yield in winter wheat

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00079

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Spacing interval is a cultivation technique to obtain high yield. Our objective was to investigate the effects of spacing interval on canopy characteristics and yield in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) under different planting patterns of wide bed planting methods with 8 cm drilling width and conventional drilling planting methods with 2 cm drilling width.
Methods A field experiment was conducted in growing seasons of 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, growing multi-spike winter wheat cultivar ‘Aikang 58’ under different planting methods with three spacing intervals of 7, 12 and 17 cm for wide bed planting methods and 20 cm of row spacing for conventional drilling planting methods. Time-course measurements were taken on canopy leaf area index, mean leaf angle, canopy openness, light interception, canopy temperature, relative humidity and yield during the experimental periods.
Important findings Compared with conventional drilling planting methods, the leaf area index, mean leaf angle, light interception, relative humidity, spikes numbers, biomass and grain yield for wide bed planting methods are higher, while canopy openness and temperature are lower. Subsequently, spike numbers per unit area increased by 4.8%-16.4% (in 2010-2011) and 8.9%-21.0% (in 2011-2012) and yield increased by 2.96%-15.94% (in 2010-2011) and 4.09%-14.23% (in 2011-2012). Leaf area index, mean leaf angle, light interception, relative humidity and spike numbers decreased, and canopy openness and temperature increased with increased spacing interval under wide bed planting methods. Grain number per spike, grain weight, grain yield, biomass and harvest index are the highest in the 12 cm treatment and lowest in the 7 cm treatment. It can be concluded that 12 cm spacing interval under wide bed planting methods can be used as a feasible, promising planting pattern with reasonable canopy architecture and sufficient light distribution and interception and favorable microclimate.

Key words: canopy structure and microclimate, spacing interval, wide bed planting, winter wheat, yield

LI Shi-Ying,FENG Wei,WANG Yong-Hua,WANG Chen-Yang,GUO Tian-Cai. Effects of spacing interval of wide bed planting on canopy characteristics and yield in winter wheat[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2013, 37(8): 758-767.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00079

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2013/V37/I8/758

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 Effect of wide bed planting methods and its spacing interval on leaf area index (LAI) of winter wheat (mean ± SE). AS, anthesis; B, booting stage; J, jointing stage; LF, late grain-filling stage; MF, middle grain-filling stage; R, riving stage; W, wintering stage. CK, conventional drilling planting methods; KF7, KF12 and KF17, spacing interval 7, 12 and 17 cm under wide bed planting method, respectively.

Fig. 2 Effect of wide bed planting methods and its spacing interval on mean leaf angle (MLA) of winter wheat (mean ± SE). CK, conventional drilling planting methods; KF7, KF12 and KF17, spacing interval 7, 12 and 17 cm under wide bed planting method, respectively.

Fig. 3 Effect of wide bed planting methods and its spacing interval on canopy openness (CO) of winter wheat (mean ± SE). CK, conventional drilling planting methods; KF7, KF12 and KF17, spacing interval 7, 12 and 17 cm under wide bed planting method, respectively.

Table 1 Effect of wide bed planting methods and its spacing interval on canopy light interception (LI) of winter wheat

处理 Treatment	花后10天 10 d after anthesis			花后20天 20 d after anthesis			花后30天 30 d after anthesis
处理 Treatment	上层 Upper layer	中层 Middle layer	下层 Down layer	上层 Upper layer	中层 Middle layer	下层 Down layer	上层 Upper layer	中层 Middle layer	下层 Down layer
2010-2011
CK	0.175^c	0.749^b	0.877^b	0.139^b	0.716^b	0.862^b	0.086^c	0.658^b	0.848^c
KF7	0.274^a	0.825^a	0.938^a	0.167^a	0.795^a	0.932^a	0.127^a	0.783^a	0.920^a
KF12	0.233^b	0.821^a	0.937^a	0.144^b	0.788^a	0.924^a	0.123^ab	0.673^b	0.909^ab
KF17	0.225^b	0.813^a	0.925^a	0.141^b	0.757^ab	0.903^ab	0.116^b	0.669^b	0.857^bc
2011-2012
CK	0.407^a	0.943^a	0.984^b	0.234^b	0.855^a	0.976^b	0.189^a	0.819^b	0.938^b
KF7	0.550^a	0.959^a	0.996^a	0.419^a	0.923^a	0.990^a	0.357^a	0.958^a	0.971^a
KF12	0.487^a	0.953^a	0.991^ab	0.406^ab	0.909^a	0.985^ab	0.281^a	0.930^a	0.961^ab
KF17	0.422^a	0.945^a	0.988^ab	0.367^ab	0.901^a	0.983^ab	0.192^a	0.833^b	0.953^ab

Fig. 4 Variations of canopy temperature under wide bed planting methods of winter wheat (mean ± SE). CK, conventional drilling planting methods; KF7, KF12 and KF17, spacing interval 7, 12 and 17 cm under wide bed planting method, respectively.

Fig. 5 Variations of canopy relative humidity under wide bed planting methods of winter wheat (mean ± SE). CK, conventional drilling planting methods; KF7, KF12 and KF17, spacing interval 7, 12 and 17 cm under wide bed planting method, respectively.

Table 2 Effects of wide bed planting methods and its spacing interval on yield and its components of winter wheat

处理 Treatment	穗数 Spikes (10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	生物量 Biomass (kg·hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
2010-2011
CK	571.3^c	35.7^ab	43.4^b	8 046.9^d	19 159.8^b	42.1^a
KF7	665.2^a	33.5^b	42.0^b	8 285.0^c	20 100.9^ab	41.6^a
KF12	626.8^ab	39.2^a	46.3^a	9 329.6^a	21 527.8^a	43.4^a
KF17	598.7^bc	36.9^ab	45.3^a	8 695.5^b	20 187.3^ab	43.1^a
2011-2012
CK	573.5^c	35.2^c	43.7^c	8 322.0^d	20 034.7^a	41.6^c
KF7	694.2^a	33.3^d	42.8^d	8 662.7^c	20 193.3^a	42.9^bc
KF12	645.6^b	37.9^a	46.5^a	9 506.1^a	20 626.0^a	46.1^a
KF17	624.7^b	36.4^b	45.6^b	9 062.1^b	20 321.3^a	44.6^ab

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