Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2010, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 316-329.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.009
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
YU Zhen1, SUN Peng-Sen1,*(), LIU Shi-Rong2
Received:
2009-07-14
Accepted:
2009-09-12
Online:
2010-07-14
Published:
2010-03-01
Contact:
SUN Peng-Sen
YU Zhen, SUN Peng-Sen, LIU Shi-Rong. Phenological change of main vegetation types along a North-South Transect of Eastern China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2010, 34(3): 316-329.
Fig. 1 Vegetation types and distribution in North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC). TCTCF, temperate and cold temperate coniferous forest; TCF, temperate coniferous forest; TMF, temperate mixed forest; TDBF, temperate deciduous-broadleaved forest; TDS, temperate deciduous shrubland; TMS, temperate meadow steppe; TG, temperate grassland; TGS, temperate grass steppe; STCF, subtropical and tropical coniferous forest; SDBF, subtropical deciduous-broadleaved forest; SEBF, subtropical evergreen-broadleaved forest; STG, subtropical and tropical grassland.
月 Month | 植被类型 Vegetation type | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCTCF | TCF | TMF | TDBF | TDS | TMS | TGS | TG | STCF | STG | SDBF | SEBF | |
1 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.3 |
2 | 1.5 | 3.5** | 2.2* | 2.0* | 2.8** | 1.8 | 2.7** | 3.6** | 3.0** | 2.1* | 2.9** | 2.0* |
3 | 1.1 | 3.7** | 1.3 | 1.0 | 2.0* | 0.8 | 1.7 | 3.3** | 3.4** | 2.8** | 3.4** | 2.0* |
4 | 0.4 | 2.2* | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.2* | 1.9 | 2.6** | 2.2* | 2.7** |
5 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.0* | 1.4 | 2.0* | 2.0* | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
6 | 0.4 | 3.1** | 3.0** | 1.7 | 2.4* | 1.5 | 2.5** | 3.1** | 3.3** | 2.0* | 3.3** | 0.8 |
7 | 2.5** | 3.1** | 3.1** | 2.1* | 2.8** | 2.9 | 3.6** | 3.0** | 3.5** | 1.7 | 2.4* | 0.1 |
8 | 1.3 | 1.7 | -0.3 | -0.7 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 2.2* | 1.5** | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.2 | 0.1 |
9 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 3.2** | 3.1** | 3.1** | 3.3 | 3.5** | 2.6** | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.8 |
10 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
11 | -0.6 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.3 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 2.0* |
12 | -0.6 | 1.3 | -0.3 | -0.4 | -0.2 | -1.5 | -0.2 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
年 Annual | 1.1 | 4.0** | 2.7** | 4.2** | 4.1** | 3.7** | 2.6** | 3.5** | 3.5** | 3.7** | 4.1** | 3.7** |
Table 1 Mann-Kendall Tests of data series of temperature in different types of vegetation from 1982 to 2006
月 Month | 植被类型 Vegetation type | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCTCF | TCF | TMF | TDBF | TDS | TMS | TGS | TG | STCF | STG | SDBF | SEBF | |
1 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.3 |
2 | 1.5 | 3.5** | 2.2* | 2.0* | 2.8** | 1.8 | 2.7** | 3.6** | 3.0** | 2.1* | 2.9** | 2.0* |
3 | 1.1 | 3.7** | 1.3 | 1.0 | 2.0* | 0.8 | 1.7 | 3.3** | 3.4** | 2.8** | 3.4** | 2.0* |
4 | 0.4 | 2.2* | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.2* | 1.9 | 2.6** | 2.2* | 2.7** |
5 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.0* | 1.4 | 2.0* | 2.0* | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
6 | 0.4 | 3.1** | 3.0** | 1.7 | 2.4* | 1.5 | 2.5** | 3.1** | 3.3** | 2.0* | 3.3** | 0.8 |
7 | 2.5** | 3.1** | 3.1** | 2.1* | 2.8** | 2.9 | 3.6** | 3.0** | 3.5** | 1.7 | 2.4* | 0.1 |
8 | 1.3 | 1.7 | -0.3 | -0.7 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 2.2* | 1.5** | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.2 | 0.1 |
9 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 3.2** | 3.1** | 3.1** | 3.3 | 3.5** | 2.6** | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.8 |
10 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
11 | -0.6 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.3 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 2.0* |
12 | -0.6 | 1.3 | -0.3 | -0.4 | -0.2 | -1.5 | -0.2 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
年 Annual | 1.1 | 4.0** | 2.7** | 4.2** | 4.1** | 3.7** | 2.6** | 3.5** | 3.5** | 3.7** | 4.1** | 3.7** |
月 Month | 植被类型 Vegetation type | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCTCF | TCF | TMF | TDBF | TDS | TMS | TGS | TG | STCF | STG | SDBF | SEBF | |
1 | -0.3 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | -0.8 | -1.3 | -0.3 | -0.5 | -0.1 | 0.1 | 0.8 | -1.9 | 0.7 | -1.3 |
3 | 0.2 | -2.5** | 0.0 | 1.1 | -1.5 | 0.8 | -0.9 | -2.2* | -2.2* | 0.3 | -1.2 | -1.3 |
4 | -0.2 | 0.1 | -0.8 | -0.7 | -0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | -0.7 | -0.5 | 0.6 | 0.0 |
5 | 0.5 | -1.7 | 0.0 | -0.5 | -1.4 | -0.6 | -0.4 | -1.1 | -0.6 | 1.4 | -0.9 | 0.4 |
6 | -0.5 | 0.5 | -0.7 | -0.3 | 0.6 | -0.9 | -0.7 | 0.7 | -0.6 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 1.8 |
7 | -1.0 | -0.3 | -0.7 | -0.2 | -0.5 | -1.0 | -1.4 | -0.7 | -1.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 2.1* |
8 | -2.7** | -0.4 | -1.4 | -0.9 | -1.6 | -1.8 | -1.9 | -0.7 | -0.8 | 0.5 | -0.2 | 1.1 |
9 | -1.5 | 0.1 | -2.4* | -2.6** | -2.8** | -2.6** | -1.7 | -0.8 | -1.0 | -2.0* | -0.4 | -2.3* |
10 | 0.3 | -0.6 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 | -0.1 | -0.2 | 0.1 | -0.4 | -0.6 | -1.3 |
11 | 0.4 | -0.6 | -0.7 | -0.3 | -0.4 | 0.0 | 0.1 | -0.2 | -1.4 | -1.3 | -0.3 | 0.5 |
12 | 0.5 | 0.5 | -0.2 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.6 | -0.3 |
年 Annual | -2.2* | -1.7 | -2.1* | -1.3 | -2.2* | -2.2* | -1.1 | -2.4* | 0.9 | 0.2 | -2.1* | -0.8 |
Table 2 Mann-Kendall Tests of data series of precipitation in different types of vegetation from 1982 to 2006
月 Month | 植被类型 Vegetation type | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCTCF | TCF | TMF | TDBF | TDS | TMS | TGS | TG | STCF | STG | SDBF | SEBF | |
1 | -0.3 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | -0.8 | -1.3 | -0.3 | -0.5 | -0.1 | 0.1 | 0.8 | -1.9 | 0.7 | -1.3 |
3 | 0.2 | -2.5** | 0.0 | 1.1 | -1.5 | 0.8 | -0.9 | -2.2* | -2.2* | 0.3 | -1.2 | -1.3 |
4 | -0.2 | 0.1 | -0.8 | -0.7 | -0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | -0.7 | -0.5 | 0.6 | 0.0 |
5 | 0.5 | -1.7 | 0.0 | -0.5 | -1.4 | -0.6 | -0.4 | -1.1 | -0.6 | 1.4 | -0.9 | 0.4 |
6 | -0.5 | 0.5 | -0.7 | -0.3 | 0.6 | -0.9 | -0.7 | 0.7 | -0.6 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 1.8 |
7 | -1.0 | -0.3 | -0.7 | -0.2 | -0.5 | -1.0 | -1.4 | -0.7 | -1.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 2.1* |
8 | -2.7** | -0.4 | -1.4 | -0.9 | -1.6 | -1.8 | -1.9 | -0.7 | -0.8 | 0.5 | -0.2 | 1.1 |
9 | -1.5 | 0.1 | -2.4* | -2.6** | -2.8** | -2.6** | -1.7 | -0.8 | -1.0 | -2.0* | -0.4 | -2.3* |
10 | 0.3 | -0.6 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 | -0.1 | -0.2 | 0.1 | -0.4 | -0.6 | -1.3 |
11 | 0.4 | -0.6 | -0.7 | -0.3 | -0.4 | 0.0 | 0.1 | -0.2 | -1.4 | -1.3 | -0.3 | 0.5 |
12 | 0.5 | 0.5 | -0.2 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.6 | -0.3 |
年 Annual | -2.2* | -1.7 | -2.1* | -1.3 | -2.2* | -2.2* | -1.1 | -2.4* | 0.9 | 0.2 | -2.1* | -0.8 |
植被类型 Vegetation type | 返青起始期 Green-up | 休眠起始期 Dormancy | 生长季长度 Length of growing season | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
温度 Temperature | 降水 Precipitation | 温度 Temperature | 降水 Precipitation | 温度 Temperature | 降水 Precipitation | |
TCTCF | -0.64** | 0.08 | 0.08 | -0.14 | 0.47* | 0.02 |
TCF | -0.52** | -0.11 | 0.49* | 0.17 | 0.64* | -0.11 |
TMF | -0.48* | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.23 |
TDBF | -0.71* | -0.02 | 0.38 | -0.01 | 0.43* | 0.20 |
TDS | -0.50* | -0.41* | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.39 | 0.29 |
TMS | -0.08 | -0.28 | -0.07 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.38 |
TG | -0.40* | -0.16 | -0.12 | -0.04 | -0.10 | -0.02 |
TGS | 0.16 | -0.28 | -0.09 | 0.12 | 0.50 | -0.01 |
STCF | -0.47* | 0.31 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.53** | -0.06 |
SDBF | -0.52** | 0.01 | 0.30 | -0.29 | 0.52** | -0.01 |
SEBF | -0.36 | 0.28 | 0.11 | -0.20 | 0.34 | -0.01 |
STG | -0.38 | -0.06 | 0.03 | -0.06 | 0.38 | 0.06 |
Table 3 Correlation coefficients among phenological events, temperature and precipitation
植被类型 Vegetation type | 返青起始期 Green-up | 休眠起始期 Dormancy | 生长季长度 Length of growing season | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
温度 Temperature | 降水 Precipitation | 温度 Temperature | 降水 Precipitation | 温度 Temperature | 降水 Precipitation | |
TCTCF | -0.64** | 0.08 | 0.08 | -0.14 | 0.47* | 0.02 |
TCF | -0.52** | -0.11 | 0.49* | 0.17 | 0.64* | -0.11 |
TMF | -0.48* | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.23 |
TDBF | -0.71* | -0.02 | 0.38 | -0.01 | 0.43* | 0.20 |
TDS | -0.50* | -0.41* | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.39 | 0.29 |
TMS | -0.08 | -0.28 | -0.07 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.38 |
TG | -0.40* | -0.16 | -0.12 | -0.04 | -0.10 | -0.02 |
TGS | 0.16 | -0.28 | -0.09 | 0.12 | 0.50 | -0.01 |
STCF | -0.47* | 0.31 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.53** | -0.06 |
SDBF | -0.52** | 0.01 | 0.30 | -0.29 | 0.52** | -0.01 |
SEBF | -0.36 | 0.28 | 0.11 | -0.20 | 0.34 | -0.01 |
STG | -0.38 | -0.06 | 0.03 | -0.06 | 0.38 | 0.06 |
Fig. 7 Correlation between phonological events and temperature. Colors of scatter dots indicate different types of vegetation. A, Temperature and onset date of green-up. B, Temperature and onset date of dormancy. C, Temperature of growing season and length of growing season. Red ellipse indicates the vegetation of cold temperate zone; Green ellipse indicates the vegetation of temperate zone; Blue ellipse indicates the vegetation of tropical and subtropical zone.
植被类型 Vegetation type | 返青起始期 Green-up | 休眠起始期 Dormancy | 生长季长度 Length of growing season | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
每年变化天数 Day of change per year (d·a-1) | 儒略日 Julian day | 标准误差 Standard error | 每年变化天数 Day of change per year (d·a-1) | 儒略日 Julian day | 标准误差 Standard error | 每年变化天数 Day of change per year (d·a-1) | 儒略日 Julian day | 标准误差 Standard error | |
TCTCF | -0.36* | 123 | 6.2 | 0.15 | 250 | 4.5 | 0.67* | 127 | 7.8 |
TCF | -0.45* | 118 | 7.0 | 0.30* | 268 | 5.6 | 0.93* | 150 | 10.5 |
TMF | -0.34* | 119 | 6.4 | 0.17 | 260 | 4.7 | 0.38 | 142 | 9.5 |
TDBF | -0.36* | 117 | 5.1 | 0.24* | 262 | 3.6 | 0.76* | 145 | 7.3 |
TDS | -0.25* | 127 | 5.0 | 0.03 | 260 | 2.5 | 0.45* | 134 | 6.5 |
TMS | -0.06 | 138 | 6.1 | -0.01 | 254 | 3.4 | 0.08 | 116 | 6.1 |
TGS | 0.10 | 145 | 7.6 | -0.10 | 260 | 3.7 | -0.25 | 115 | 7.6 |
TG | -0.29 | 122 | 9.0 | 0.01 | 265 | 3.6 | 0.72* | 143 | 9.7 |
STCF | -0.55* | 108 | 7.0 | 0.67* | 270 | 11.6 | 1.3* | 162 | 14.2 |
SDBF | -0.53* | 100 | 6.9 | 0.79* | 277 | 12.8 | 1.6* | 177 | 26.2 |
SEBF | -0.86* | 119 | 14.2 | 0.51 | 316 | 22.5 | 1.6 | 197 | 26.7 |
STG | -1.2* | 114 | 14.2 | 0.27 | 297 | 19.7 | 2.5* | 183 | 27.1 |
Table 4 Changes of phenological events in different vegetation types during 1982 to 2006 along North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) (d·a-1)
植被类型 Vegetation type | 返青起始期 Green-up | 休眠起始期 Dormancy | 生长季长度 Length of growing season | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
每年变化天数 Day of change per year (d·a-1) | 儒略日 Julian day | 标准误差 Standard error | 每年变化天数 Day of change per year (d·a-1) | 儒略日 Julian day | 标准误差 Standard error | 每年变化天数 Day of change per year (d·a-1) | 儒略日 Julian day | 标准误差 Standard error | |
TCTCF | -0.36* | 123 | 6.2 | 0.15 | 250 | 4.5 | 0.67* | 127 | 7.8 |
TCF | -0.45* | 118 | 7.0 | 0.30* | 268 | 5.6 | 0.93* | 150 | 10.5 |
TMF | -0.34* | 119 | 6.4 | 0.17 | 260 | 4.7 | 0.38 | 142 | 9.5 |
TDBF | -0.36* | 117 | 5.1 | 0.24* | 262 | 3.6 | 0.76* | 145 | 7.3 |
TDS | -0.25* | 127 | 5.0 | 0.03 | 260 | 2.5 | 0.45* | 134 | 6.5 |
TMS | -0.06 | 138 | 6.1 | -0.01 | 254 | 3.4 | 0.08 | 116 | 6.1 |
TGS | 0.10 | 145 | 7.6 | -0.10 | 260 | 3.7 | -0.25 | 115 | 7.6 |
TG | -0.29 | 122 | 9.0 | 0.01 | 265 | 3.6 | 0.72* | 143 | 9.7 |
STCF | -0.55* | 108 | 7.0 | 0.67* | 270 | 11.6 | 1.3* | 162 | 14.2 |
SDBF | -0.53* | 100 | 6.9 | 0.79* | 277 | 12.8 | 1.6* | 177 | 26.2 |
SEBF | -0.86* | 119 | 14.2 | 0.51 | 316 | 22.5 | 1.6 | 197 | 26.7 |
STG | -1.2* | 114 | 14.2 | 0.27 | 297 | 19.7 | 2.5* | 183 | 27.1 |
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