EFFECT OF ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATION AND LEVEL OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON ROOT RESPIRATION AND BIOMASS OF WINTER WHEAT

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.04.022

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Understanding belowground processes will help in determining the potential feedback of soil C storage on increased atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Information on root respiration and biomass are important for understanding implications of environmental change on soil carbon cycling and sequestration. Because cropland is an important terrestrial ecosystem within the global climate change context, separately quantifying the response of crop root respiration and biomass to CO₂ enrichment has important implications for agro-ecosystems, for predicting the magnitude and direction of soil C feedbacks. We observe them in a field experiment and evaluate the potential effect of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration.

Methods We used a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) system and static chamber-GC (gas chromatography) method to study the effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration and nitrogen fertilizer on root respiration and biomass of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Yangmai 14) during two consecutive seasons, determined by a novel split root growth and gas collection system.

Important finding Both elevated CO₂ concentration and high nitrogen (HN, 148.1 mg N·kg^-1 dry soil weight) application enhanced above- and belowground biomass in three different growth stages. The increase in belowground biomass under elevated CO₂ concentration favors more residual roots to revert to field. Elevated CO₂ concentration significantly stimulated root respiration at the booting-heading stages, which increased by 33.8% and 43.9% in 2004-2005, and by 23.8% and 28.9% in 2005-2006 in both high and low nitrogen (LN, 88.9 mg N·kg^-1 dry soil weight) application, respectively, and significantly depressed root respiration at the late of filling stage by 31.4% and 23.3% in 2004-2005, and by 25.1% and 18.5% in 2005-2006 in both HN and LN treatments, respectively; however, no significant effect was found at the jointing stage. High nitrogen application promoted more root respiration than low nitrogen. While a significantly negative liner correlation between root respiration rate and belowground biomass was observed, the R² of correlative coefficient under elevated CO₂ concentration was small, which showed elevated CO₂ concentrationreduced the correlation of both root respiration and accumulation of belowground biomass with wheat growing.

Key words: elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration, wheat, root respiration, belowground biomass, aboveground biomass, nitrogen fertilizer

KOU Tai-Ji, ZHU Jian-Guo, XIE Zu-Bin, LIU Gang, ZENG Qing. EFFECT OF ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO₂ CONCENTRATION AND LEVEL OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON ROOT RESPIRATION AND BIOMASS OF WINTER WHEAT[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2008, 32(4): 922-931.

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References 39

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生物量 Biomass	处理 Treatment	2004~2005			2005~2006
生物量 Biomass	处理 Treatment	拔节期 JS	孕穗抽穗期 BS	灌浆末期 LS	拔节期 JS	孕穗抽穗期 BS	灌浆末期 LS
地下部生物量 Belowground biomass	FHN	70.2±7.9^a	82.1±4.8^a	88.7±11.5^a	98.4±7.9^a	113.6±7.1^a	122.6±5.4^a
	AHN	60.6±2.7^ab	76.3±3.7^ab	78.5±11.2^a	76.2±14.0^b	101.1±6.5^ab	109.7±3.8^b
	FLN	57.8±5.3^bc	74.5±1.6^c	77.7±2.4^a	79.8±8.9^ab	90.4±13.8^bc	113.7±4.0^ab
	ALN	53.3±2.6^c	67.4±4.3^c	71.8±3.2^a	58.6±2.8^c	79.5±12.6^c	85.8±3.1^c
因素效应 Factor effect	CO₂	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	*
	N	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns
	CO₂*N	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass	FH	208.1±23.3^a	468.1±2.5^a	1105.1±80.2^a	679.7±62.0^a	1109.3±108.5^a	2164.9±137.5^a
	AH	163.3±10.1^ab	439.7±7.7^a	978.5±79.0^b	461.6±74.3^b	1008.9±51.6^ab	1974.4±69.8^ab
	FL	154.3±13.5^c	451.6±23.7^a	916.0±55.8^bc	291.7±23.8^c	792.8±113.4^b	1935.7±75.2^b
	AL	136.7±9.9^c	372.1±38.5^b	855.6±38.5^c	186.7±13.7^c	543±107.3^c	1327.3±127.0^c
因素效应 Factor effect	CO₂	*	*	*	*	ns	*
	N	**	*	**	**	**	*
	CO₂*N	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

生物量 Biomass	处理 Treatment	2004~2005			2005~2006
生物量 Biomass	处理 Treatment	拔节期 JS	孕穗抽穗期 BS	灌浆末期 LS	拔节期 JS	孕穗抽穗期 BS	灌浆末期 LS
地下部生物量 Belowground biomass	FHN	70.2±7.9^a	82.1±4.8^a	88.7±11.5^a	98.4±7.9^a	113.6±7.1^a	122.6±5.4^a
	AHN	60.6±2.7^ab	76.3±3.7^ab	78.5±11.2^a	76.2±14.0^b	101.1±6.5^ab	109.7±3.8^b
	FLN	57.8±5.3^bc	74.5±1.6^c	77.7±2.4^a	79.8±8.9^ab	90.4±13.8^bc	113.7±4.0^ab
	ALN	53.3±2.6^c	67.4±4.3^c	71.8±3.2^a	58.6±2.8^c	79.5±12.6^c	85.8±3.1^c
因素效应 Factor effect	CO₂	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	*
	N	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns
	CO₂*N	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass	FH	208.1±23.3^a	468.1±2.5^a	1105.1±80.2^a	679.7±62.0^a	1109.3±108.5^a	2164.9±137.5^a
	AH	163.3±10.1^ab	439.7±7.7^a	978.5±79.0^b	461.6±74.3^b	1008.9±51.6^ab	1974.4±69.8^ab
	FL	154.3±13.5^c	451.6±23.7^a	916.0±55.8^bc	291.7±23.8^c	792.8±113.4^b	1935.7±75.2^b
	AL	136.7±9.9^c	372.1±38.5^b	855.6±38.5^c	186.7±13.7^c	543±107.3^c	1327.3±127.0^c
因素效应 Factor effect	CO₂	*	*	*	*	ns	*
	N	**	*	**	**	**	*
	CO₂*N	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

EFFECT OF ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO₂ CONCENTRATION AND LEVEL OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON ROOT RESPIRATION AND BIOMASS OF WINTER WHEAT

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