Protection and restoration of endangered tree species on coastal islands of Zhejiang, China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0003

Abstract

Abstract:

Conservation and restoration of endangered species represent a major challenge for humanity, requiring theoretical and practical guidance grounded in multidisciplinary perspectives and multi-platform technologies. Such efforts are essential to support biodiversity conservation, ecosystem productivity, and the sustainable development of local ecosystems. Focusing on endangered wild tree species along the coastal islands of Zhejiang Province, China, this paper reviews recent advances and existing limitations in their study and conservation. We propose an integrated conservation framework centered on near-natural habitat construction and population reintroduction, combining insights from global change ecology, dendrochronology, microbial ecology, population genetics, and conservation engineering. Future research should prioritize four key areas: (1) Mechanistic understanding, to elucidate adaptive genetic variation, population decline processes, and rhizosphere microbial functions; (2) Technological innovation, including efficient artificial propagation, quasi-natural cultivation, and microbial-assisted restoration; (3) Equipment development, such as integrated monitoring systems and early-warning tools for climate extremes; and (4) Applied demonstration, through the establishment of pilot sites for population recovery and habitat reconstruction. This framework provides a theoretical foundation, technical roadmap, and transferable model to advance biodiversity conservation in coastal ecosystems.

Key words: climate change, endangered tree species, near-natural habitat construction, wild population reintroduction, biodiversity conservation

HE Yi, ZHOU Jing, CHEN Chen, FANG Ting-Zhou, SU Jian, GAO Hao-Jie, CAO Jia-Hao, YANG Fei-Yu, FAN Qi-Bo, ZHU Le-Yao, CHEN Yi-Ming, YANG Fei, WANG Yi-Teng, FENG Lei, LIU Fei, LIANG Shuang, JIANG Ming-Kai, CHEN Jun, ZHAO Yun-Peng, CHEN Wei-Le, ZHAO Ying, HUANG Jian-Guo. Protection and restoration of endangered tree species on coastal islands of Zhejiang, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(10): 1583-1599.

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类别 Category	有居民海岛 Islands with residents	无居民海岛 Uninhabited islands
主要特征 Main characteristics	人类活动频繁, 建设开发压力大, 存在交通、居住、旅游等多重干扰因素 Frequent human activities, high development pressure, and multiple disturbances such as transportation, habitation, and tourism	相对封闭, 生态环境较原始, 自然干扰主导, 人工影响较少 Relatively isolated, with a more pristine ecological environment dominated by natural disturbances and minimal human influence
代表性岛屿 Representative islands	舟山岛、六横岛、岱山岛等 Zhoushan Island, Liuheng Island, Daishan Island, etc.	滩浒岛、七姊八妹列岛、马鞍列岛等 Tanxu Island, Qizibamei Archipelago, Ma’an Archipelago, etc.
核心威胁因素 Key threat factors	土地开发、植被破坏、外来物种入侵、旅游踩踏、污染排放等 Land development, vegetation destruction, invasive species, trampling by tourism, and pollution discharge	极端气候(台风、强风)、种群孤立、传粉与传播限制、种质退化等 Extreme weather (typhoons, strong winds), population isolation, pollination and dispersal limitations, and genetic degradation
保护修复策略 Conservation and restoration strategies	加强生态用地规划、建立社区共管机制、限制旅游业和海岛开发 Strengthen ecological land-use planning, establish community co-management mechanisms, and restrict tourism and island development	设立小型自然保护小区、加强种群监测与基因资源保护、限制进入频率和人为干扰 Establish small-scale nature reserves, enhance population monitoring and genetic resource conservation, and limit access frequency and human disturbance

类别 Category	有居民海岛 Islands with residents	无居民海岛 Uninhabited islands
主要特征 Main characteristics	人类活动频繁, 建设开发压力大, 存在交通、居住、旅游等多重干扰因素 Frequent human activities, high development pressure, and multiple disturbances such as transportation, habitation, and tourism	相对封闭, 生态环境较原始, 自然干扰主导, 人工影响较少 Relatively isolated, with a more pristine ecological environment dominated by natural disturbances and minimal human influence
代表性岛屿 Representative islands	舟山岛、六横岛、岱山岛等 Zhoushan Island, Liuheng Island, Daishan Island, etc.	滩浒岛、七姊八妹列岛、马鞍列岛等 Tanxu Island, Qizibamei Archipelago, Ma’an Archipelago, etc.
核心威胁因素 Key threat factors	土地开发、植被破坏、外来物种入侵、旅游踩踏、污染排放等 Land development, vegetation destruction, invasive species, trampling by tourism, and pollution discharge	极端气候(台风、强风)、种群孤立、传粉与传播限制、种质退化等 Extreme weather (typhoons, strong winds), population isolation, pollination and dispersal limitations, and genetic degradation
保护修复策略 Conservation and restoration strategies	加强生态用地规划、建立社区共管机制、限制旅游业和海岛开发 Strengthen ecological land-use planning, establish community co-management mechanisms, and restrict tourism and island development	设立小型自然保护小区、加强种群监测与基因资源保护、限制进入频率和人为干扰 Establish small-scale nature reserves, enhance population monitoring and genetic resource conservation, and limit access frequency and human disturbance