Liana prevalence and its influencing factors in tropical forests of Xishuangbanna, Southwestern China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0466

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Lianas are important components of tropical forest ecosystems, often restricting tree growth and biomass accumulation through their prevalence. Despite their ecological significance, the patterns of liana prevalence among forest trees and the factors influencing them remain poorly understood. This study examines how environmental condition and tree diameter infuence liana prevalence across three tropical forest types in Xishuangbanna, Southwestern China.

Methods Using the data from 21 1 hm² forest plots, this study assessed liana prevalence by comparing liana prevalence across forest types, analyzing environmental drivers, and exploring the trends in liana prevalence with increasing tree diameter at breast height (DBH).

Important findings Liana prevalence varied across forest types, with the highest rates observed in tropical seasonal moist forests (27.8% ± 9.2%), moderate rates in tropical rainforests (25.2% ± 10.6%), and the lowest rates in tropical lowland evergreen broadleaf forests (12.5% ± 10.7%). Key environmental factors influencing liana prevalence included Climate Principal Component 1, positivly loaded with temperature-related variables such as the minimum air temperature of the coldest month, the mean air temperature of the coldest quarter, and the mean air temperature of the driest quarter; Soil Principal Component 2, negatively loaded with nutrient factors like total carbon concentration, total nitrogen concentration, and hydrolyzable nitrogen concentration; and Soil Principal Component 3, primarily negatively loaded with total potassium concentration. Across all forest types, liana prevalence increased with tree diameter at breast height, indicating larger trees are more susceptible. Certain tree species exhibited pronounced liana prevalence in specific forest types. For example, Castanopsis indica exhibited liana prevalence of 54.3% in tropical rainforests and 40.6% in tropical lowland evergreen broadleaf forests, while Markhamia stipulata showed liana prevalence of 38.2% in tropical lowland evergreen broadleaf forests and 55.6% in tropical seasonal moist forests. Additionally, Mallotus barbatus and Mallotus philippensis recorded prevalence rates of 43.9% and 75.8% in tropical rainforests and tropical seasonal moist forests, respectively. This study highlights the variations in liana prevalence across environmental factors and tree diameter gradients in Xishuangbanna’s tropical forests. The findings advance our understanding of the interactions between liana prevalence, vegetation types, and environmental conditions, contributing to the sustainable management and conservation of tropical forests under global change.

Key words: liana prevalence, tropical forest, environmental gradient, tree diameter gradient

DONG Jin-Long, DENG Yun, ZHANG Wen-Fu, YUAN Sheng-Dong, YAN Guang, CHEN Dian, GUO Xian-Ming, LIU Feng, LIN Lu-Xiang. Liana prevalence and its influencing factors in tropical forests of Xishuangbanna, Southwestern China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(12): 1973-1990.

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Figures/Tables 7

References 82

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样地序号 Plot No.	地名 Place	植被类型 Vegetation type	海拔 Altitude (m)	胸径≥1 cm乔木数量 Number of trees (DBH ≥ 1 cm)	树种数 Number of species	属数 Number of genus	科数 Number of family	备注 Note
1	勐仑55 km 55 km, Menglun	TRF	742	5 362	220	148	57
2	勐仑绿石林 Lüshilin, Menglun	TSMF	613	7 199	93	83	36
3	勐仑55 km垭口 Menglun 55 km Yakou	TLEBF	751	5 369	166	120	58	次生林 Secondary forest
4	勐仑新开地 Xinkaidi, Menglun	TRF	557	4 130	122	93	44	次生林 Secondary forest
5	补蚌斑马山 Banmashan, Bubeng	TRF	640	2 846	198	135	57	次生林 Secondary forest
6	补蚌塔吊 Canopy Crane, Bubeng	TRF	653	5 187	213	142	61
7	曼点瀑布 Waterfall, Mandian	TRF	723	4 748	188	125	50
8	曼点茶厂 Tea Factory, Mandian	TRF	700	4 555	203	130	56
9	勐养龙山箐 Longshanqing, Mengyang	TRF	712	2 515	143	108	50
10	勐养江边站 Jiangbianzhan, Mengyang	TRF	620	3 133	124	95	43
11	勐仑水库 Menglun Reservoir	TRF	690	4 244	192	132	52
12	勐仑44 km 44 km, Menglun	TRF	811	3 126	189	138	60
13	过门山茶地头 Chaditou, Guomenshan	TLEBF	1 238	4 085	175	121	50
14	过门山大平掌 Dapingzhang, Guomenshan	TLEBF	1 683	981	73	57	34
15	蚌岗南木噶河 Nanmugahe, Benggang	TLEBF	1 714	3 531	117	78	43
16	蚌岗瓦厂 Tile Factory, Benggang	TLEBF	1 628	2 957	82	72	43	次生林 Secondary forest
17	过门山八箭河 Bajianhe, Guomenshan	TLEBF	1 456	3 511	99	74	38
18	补蚌南沙河 Nanshahe, Bubeng	TRF	713	3 677	203	132	58
19	补蚌山顶 Bubeng Summit	TRF	880	3 703	202	140	62
20	勐远仙境 Xianjing, Mengyuan	TSMF	783	3 005	72	60	37
21	勐远曼班东 Manbandong, Mengyuan	TLEBF	1 154	5 014	97	69	40	次生林 Secondary forest

样地序号 Plot No.	地名 Place	植被类型 Vegetation type	海拔 Altitude (m)	胸径≥1 cm乔木数量 Number of trees (DBH ≥ 1 cm)	树种数 Number of species	属数 Number of genus	科数 Number of family	备注 Note
1	勐仑55 km 55 km, Menglun	TRF	742	5 362	220	148	57
2	勐仑绿石林 Lüshilin, Menglun	TSMF	613	7 199	93	83	36
3	勐仑55 km垭口 Menglun 55 km Yakou	TLEBF	751	5 369	166	120	58	次生林 Secondary forest
4	勐仑新开地 Xinkaidi, Menglun	TRF	557	4 130	122	93	44	次生林 Secondary forest
5	补蚌斑马山 Banmashan, Bubeng	TRF	640	2 846	198	135	57	次生林 Secondary forest
6	补蚌塔吊 Canopy Crane, Bubeng	TRF	653	5 187	213	142	61
7	曼点瀑布 Waterfall, Mandian	TRF	723	4 748	188	125	50
8	曼点茶厂 Tea Factory, Mandian	TRF	700	4 555	203	130	56
9	勐养龙山箐 Longshanqing, Mengyang	TRF	712	2 515	143	108	50
10	勐养江边站 Jiangbianzhan, Mengyang	TRF	620	3 133	124	95	43
11	勐仑水库 Menglun Reservoir	TRF	690	4 244	192	132	52
12	勐仑44 km 44 km, Menglun	TRF	811	3 126	189	138	60
13	过门山茶地头 Chaditou, Guomenshan	TLEBF	1 238	4 085	175	121	50
14	过门山大平掌 Dapingzhang, Guomenshan	TLEBF	1 683	981	73	57	34
15	蚌岗南木噶河 Nanmugahe, Benggang	TLEBF	1 714	3 531	117	78	43
16	蚌岗瓦厂 Tile Factory, Benggang	TLEBF	1 628	2 957	82	72	43	次生林 Secondary forest
17	过门山八箭河 Bajianhe, Guomenshan	TLEBF	1 456	3 511	99	74	38
18	补蚌南沙河 Nanshahe, Bubeng	TRF	713	3 677	203	132	58
19	补蚌山顶 Bubeng Summit	TRF	880	3 703	202	140	62
20	勐远仙境 Xianjing, Mengyuan	TSMF	783	3 005	72	60	37
21	勐远曼班东 Manbandong, Mengyuan	TLEBF	1 154	5 014	97	69	40	次生林 Secondary forest

环境因子 Environmental factor	方差膨胀因子 VIF	胸径 DBH (cm)												整体 Total
		1-5		5-10		10-20		20-30		30-40		≥ 40		整体 Total
		估计值 Estimate	总权重 SW	估计值 Estimate	总权重 SW	估计值 Estimate	总权重 SW	估计值 Estimate	总权重 SW	估计值 Estimate	总权重 SW	估计值 Estimate	总权重 SW	估计值 Estimate	总权重 SW
截距 Intercept		2.284E-16		2.264E-16		-4.820E-17		6.828E-17		4.182E-17		1.367E-16		2.428E-16
水平曲率 Plan curvature	2.199	-0.007	0.11	-0.027	0.17	-0.025	0.16	-0.060	0.26	-0.029	0.18	-0.004	0.09	-0.030	0.12
地形湿度指数 Topographic wetness index	2.219	0.229	0.62	0.064	0.28	0.021	0.15	0.091	0.36	0.099	0.42	0.067	0.34	0.083	0.14
潜在辐射强度 Potential total insolation	4.889	0.017	0.13	0.064	0.24	0.090	0.31	0.090	0.29	0.012	0.10	0.002	0.09	0.057	0.94
土壤主分量01 Soil_PC01	1.928	0.087	0.32	0.199	0.62	0.126	0.47	0.042	0.22	0.026	0.17	-0.011	0.12	0.067	0.88
土壤主分量02 Soil_PC02	4.267	-0.043	0.18	-0.045	0.18	-0.216	0.47	-0.733^*	0.93	-1.016^***	1.00	-0.937^***	1.00	-0.096	0.07
土壤主分量03 Soil_PC03	3.610	-0.011	0.12	-0.055	0.22	-0.166	0.42	-0.565	0.9	-0.586^*	0.96	-0.633^**	0.99	-0.054	0.07
土壤主分量04 Soil_PC04	2.130	-0.029	0.17	-0.006	0.10	-0.001	0.08	-0.003	0.07	-0.006	0.08	0.000	0.08	-0.022	0.04
气候主分量01 Clim_PC01	9.769	0.636^*	0.98	0.747^**	0.99	0.919^*	0.99	1.450^***	1.00	1.652^***	1.00	1.668^***	1.00	0.709^*	0.98
气候主分量02 Clim_PC02	2.098	0.000	0.11	0.024	0.15	0.038	0.19	0.012	0.10	0.045	0.22	0.009	0.10	0.003	0.67
气候主分量03 Clim_PC03	2.187	-0.050	0.22	-0.018	0.14	-0.004	0.10	-0.008	0.09	-0.002	0.07	-0.007	0.10	-0.016	0.45
纹理主分量01 Texture_PC01	2.425	0.086	0.31	0.018	0.14	0.002	0.09	0.005	0.07	0.001	0.07	-0.006	0.09	0.041	0.18
纹理主分量02 Texture_PC02	3.440	0.006	0.11	-0.002	0.12	-0.011	0.14	-0.044	0.21	-0.031	0.17	-0.008	0.10	0.010	0.41
纹理主分量03 Texture_PC03	4.037	-0.009	0.12	-0.063	0.23	-0.167	0.46	-0.130	0.38	-0.052	0.23	-0.003	0.08	-0.031	0.07

环境因子 Environmental factor	方差膨胀因子 VIF	胸径 DBH (cm)												整体 Total
		1-5		5-10		10-20		20-30		30-40		≥ 40		整体 Total
		估计值 Estimate	总权重 SW	估计值 Estimate	总权重 SW	估计值 Estimate	总权重 SW	估计值 Estimate	总权重 SW	估计值 Estimate	总权重 SW	估计值 Estimate	总权重 SW	估计值 Estimate	总权重 SW
截距 Intercept		2.284E-16		2.264E-16		-4.820E-17		6.828E-17		4.182E-17		1.367E-16		2.428E-16
水平曲率 Plan curvature	2.199	-0.007	0.11	-0.027	0.17	-0.025	0.16	-0.060	0.26	-0.029	0.18	-0.004	0.09	-0.030	0.12
地形湿度指数 Topographic wetness index	2.219	0.229	0.62	0.064	0.28	0.021	0.15	0.091	0.36	0.099	0.42	0.067	0.34	0.083	0.14
潜在辐射强度 Potential total insolation	4.889	0.017	0.13	0.064	0.24	0.090	0.31	0.090	0.29	0.012	0.10	0.002	0.09	0.057	0.94
土壤主分量01 Soil_PC01	1.928	0.087	0.32	0.199	0.62	0.126	0.47	0.042	0.22	0.026	0.17	-0.011	0.12	0.067	0.88
土壤主分量02 Soil_PC02	4.267	-0.043	0.18	-0.045	0.18	-0.216	0.47	-0.733^*	0.93	-1.016^***	1.00	-0.937^***	1.00	-0.096	0.07
土壤主分量03 Soil_PC03	3.610	-0.011	0.12	-0.055	0.22	-0.166	0.42	-0.565	0.9	-0.586^*	0.96	-0.633^**	0.99	-0.054	0.07
土壤主分量04 Soil_PC04	2.130	-0.029	0.17	-0.006	0.10	-0.001	0.08	-0.003	0.07	-0.006	0.08	0.000	0.08	-0.022	0.04
气候主分量01 Clim_PC01	9.769	0.636^*	0.98	0.747^**	0.99	0.919^*	0.99	1.450^***	1.00	1.652^***	1.00	1.668^***	1.00	0.709^*	0.98
气候主分量02 Clim_PC02	2.098	0.000	0.11	0.024	0.15	0.038	0.19	0.012	0.10	0.045	0.22	0.009	0.10	0.003	0.67
气候主分量03 Clim_PC03	2.187	-0.050	0.22	-0.018	0.14	-0.004	0.10	-0.008	0.09	-0.002	0.07	-0.007	0.10	-0.016	0.45
纹理主分量01 Texture_PC01	2.425	0.086	0.31	0.018	0.14	0.002	0.09	0.005	0.07	0.001	0.07	-0.006	0.09	0.041	0.18
纹理主分量02 Texture_PC02	3.440	0.006	0.11	-0.002	0.12	-0.011	0.14	-0.044	0.21	-0.031	0.17	-0.008	0.10	0.010	0.41
纹理主分量03 Texture_PC03	4.037	-0.009	0.12	-0.063	0.23	-0.167	0.46	-0.130	0.38	-0.052	0.23	-0.003	0.08	-0.031	0.07

植被类型 Forest type	序号 Rank	物种名 Species	科名 Family	调查数量 Number of investigated individuals	最大调查胸径 Max DBH (cm)	藤本攀附比率 LI_prop (%)	藤本严重攀附比率 LI_heavy (%)
热带雨林 TRF	1	大果榕 Ficus auriculata	桑科 Moraceae	50	46.2	70.0	38.0
	2	印度锥 Castanopsis indica	壳斗科 Fagaceae	127	49.8	54.3	22.0
	3	广西青梅 Vatica guangxiensis	龙脑香科 Dipterocarpaceae	34	86.9	52.9	5.9
	4	胭脂 Artocarpus tonkinensis	桑科 Moraceae	39	29.5	51.3	30.8
	5	版纳柿 Diospyros xishuangbannaensis	柿科 Ebenaceae	56	24.2	50.0	16.1
	6	假玉桂 Celtis timorensis	大麻科 Cannabaceae	31	54.4	48.4	25.8
	7	羽叶白头树 Garuga pinnata	橄榄科 Burseraceae	80	152.9	46.3	18.8
	8	毗黎勒 Terminalia bellirica	使君子科 Combretaceae	43	74.2	44.2	16.3
	9	毛桐 Mallotus barbatus	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	66	6.0	43.9	9.1
	10	黑毛柿 Diospyros hasseltii	柿科 Ebenaceae	64	42.5	43.8	17.2
热带低山常绿阔叶林 TLEBF	1	泰国黄叶树 Xanthophyllum flavescens	远志科 Polygalaceae	46	30.6	54.3	19.6
	2	印度锥 Castanopsis indica	壳斗科 Fagaceae	32	54.3	40.6	15.6
	3	西南猫尾木 Markhamia stipulata	紫葳科 Bignoniaceae	55	24.3	38.2	20.0
	4	红光树 Knema tenuinervia	肉豆蔻科 Myristicaceae	39	44.6	35.9	17.9
	5	梯脉紫金牛 Ardisia scalarinervis	报春花科 Primulaceae	31	4.7	35.5	3.2
	6	高檐蒲桃 Syzygium oblatum	桃金娘科 Myrtaceae	433	14.3	35.3	7.9
	7	云南沉香 Aquilaria yunnanensis	瑞香科 Thymelaeaceae	38	37.6	34.2	10.5
	8	伞花冬青 Ilex godajam	冬青科 Aquifoliaceae	68	23.6	33.8	16.2
	9	香花木姜子 Litsea panamanja	樟科 Lauraceae	37	84.4	29.7	5.4
	10	披针叶楠 Phoebe lanceolata	樟科 Lauraceae	338	28.4	29.6	6.8
热带季节性湿润林 TSMF	1	绒毛紫薇 Lagerstroemia tomentosa	千屈菜科 Lythraceae	59	124.8	86.4	66.1
	2	粗糠柴 Mallotus philippensis	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	66	23.9	75.8	56.1
	3	延辉巴豆 Croton yanhuii	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	40	32.2	72.5	42.5
	4	灰毛浆果楝 Cipadessa baccifera	楝科 Meliaceae	52	27.2	71.2	32.7
	5	西南猫尾木 Markhamia stipulata	紫葳科 Bignoniaceae	54	23.6	55.6	33.3
	6	常绿榆 Ulmus lanceifolia	榆科 Ulmaceae	48	38.0	54.2	27.1
	7	火烧花 Mayodendron igneum	紫葳科 Bignoniaceae	79	27.2	51.9	32.9
	8	少花琼楠 Beilschmiedia pauciflora	樟科 Lauraceae	45	56.4	51.1	24.4
	9	藤春 Alphonsea monogyna	番荔枝科 Annonaceae	108	36.5	47.2	11.1
	10	假山椤 Harpullia cupanioides	无患子科 Sapindaceae	31	42.5	41.9	12.9