Effects of mixed planting on photosynthetic characteristics and root growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei seedlings

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0197

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Root is the key organ for plants to absorb nutrients and water. Investigating the root interactions of mixed-species trees is of great significance to reveal the mechanism underlying the enhanced productivity in mixed-species stands.

Methods A pot experiment was set up by co-planting Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei seedlings. We established three root interaction modes: no separation (NB), 30 μm nylon film separation (MB) and plastic membrane separation (PB), and two controls: C. lanceolata monoculture (MC) and M. macclureimonoculture (MM). The photosynthetic parameters, root morphology and physiological characteristics of seedlings were determined.

Important findings The results showed that: 1) The mixed planting significantly increased stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO₂concentration, but did not change the net photosynthetic rate of M. macclurei; 2) Compared with monoculture treatment, mixed planting significantly increased root length, root dry mass, root surface area, root average diameter, root volume, root tissue density and root tip number of C. lanceolata; 3) The root length and root surface area of M. macclurei were significantly higher under PB than other treatments; 4) The mixed treatment significantly reduced the length, surface area and volume of big fine roots (0.5 < D ≤ 2.0 mm, D is the root diameter) of M. macclurei; 5) Under mixed planting treatment, the soluble protein content, malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzyme activity of C. lanceolata increased significantly. Mixed planting treatment significantly decreased the soluble protein content and malondialdehyde content of M. macclurei, but significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The findings clarified the effects of interspecific root interactions between C. lanceolata and M. macclurei on the seedling root growth, further revealed mechanisms driving productivity enhancement in mixed-species plantation. Results demonstrated that C. lanceolataand M. macclurei exhibited different response patterns in C. lanceolata-M. macclurei mixed planting system. This study revealed the mechanism about the species-specific root interaction and facilitation effect in mixed plantation. Our study provides a scientific basis for management of C. lanceolata-M. macclurei mixed forest and for implementing precision silviculture to enhance quality management.

Key words: mixed forest, root separation, root morphology, root activity, antioxidant enzyme activity

FENG Shuang-Yi, HE Zi-Qing, WU Wen-Yu, ZENG Shu-Cai, ZHAO Qian. Effects of mixed planting on photosynthetic characteristics and root growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei seedlings[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2026, 50(6): 1448-1463.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0197

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2026/V50/I6/1448

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Diagram of root separation modes. MC, Cunninghamia lanceolata monoculture; MM, Michelia macclurei monoculture; NB, mixed-planting of C. lanceolata and M. macclurei without root separation; MB, mixed-planting of C. lanceolata and M. macclurei with 30 μm nylon film; PB, mixed-planting of C. lanceolata and M. macclurei with plastic film.

Fig. 2 Photosynthetic parameters of Michelia macclurei under different treatments in different seasons (mean ± SE, n = 5). Different lowercase letters indicated significant differences between different treatments (p < 0.05). MM, Michelia macclurei monoculture; NB, mixed-planting of Cunninghamia lanceolata and M. macclurei without root separation; MB, mixed-planting of C. lanceolata and M. macclurei with 30 μm nylon film; PB, mixed-planting of C. lanceolata and M. macclurei with plastic film.

Fig. 3 Correlation analysis between photosynthetic parameters and root morphology in Michelia macclurei. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

Table 1 Effects of different root separation modes on root morphology of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei (mean ± SE, n = 5)

Table 2 Two-factor analysis of variance of root separation treatment and fine root type of fine root morphology of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei

Fig. 4 Effects of different root separation modes on fine root morphology of Cunninghamia lanceolata (A-C) and Michelia macclurei (D-F) (mean ± SE, n = 5). Different lowercase letters indicated significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). Very fine roots,0 < D ≤ 0.5 mm; fine root, 0.5 < D ≤ 2.0 mm; D is the root diameter. MM, Michelia macclurei monoculture; NB, mixed-planting of Cunninghamia lanceolata and M. macclurei without root separation; MB, mixed-planting of C. lanceolata and M. macclurei with 30 μm nylon film; MC, Cunninghamia lanceolata monoculture; PB, mixed-planting of C. lanceolata and M. macclurei with plastic film.

Fig. 5 Root activity, soluble protein and malondialdehyde content of Cunninghamia lanceolata (A-C) and Michelia macclurei (D-F) under different treatments (mean ± SE, n = 5). Different lowercase letters indicated significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). MC, Cunninghamia lanceolata monoculture; MM, Michelia macclurei monoculture; NB, mixed-planting of C. lanceolata and M. macclurei without root separation; MB, mixed-planting of C. lanceolata and M. macclurei with 30 μm nylon film; PB, mixed-planting of C. lanceolata and M. macclurei with plastic film.

Fig. 6 Oxidase activity of roots in Cunninghamia lanceolata (A-C) and Michelia macclurei (D-F) under different treatments (mean ± SE, n = 5). Different lowercase letters indicated significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). MC, Cunninghamia lanceolata monoculture; MM, Michelia macclurei monoculture; NB, mixed-planting of C. lanceolata and M. macclurei without root separation; MB, mixed-planting of C. lanceolata and M. macclurei with 30 μm nylon film; PB, mixed-planting of C. lanceolata and M. macclurei with plastic film. SOD, superoxide dismutase; POD, peroxidase; CAT, catalase.

Fig. 7 Correlation analysis among root physiological indexes for Cunninghamia lanceolata (A) and Michelia macclurei (B). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. CAT, catalase; POD, peroxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

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