Radial variation and its influencing factors of Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii in Mao’ershan

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0036

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Our purpose is to explore the patterns and influencing factors of stem radial variation across different tree species and environmental conditions, which serves as the basis for quantifying and assessing forest carbon sinks and their carbon sequestration processes.

Methods This study focuses on Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) and Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii), employing continuous high-frequency monitoring of stem radial variations and relevant environmental factors. The research aims to analyze intra-annual and inter-annual differences in stem radial growth patterns, as well as the influence of environmental factors on stem radial dynamics.

Important findings Intra-annual stem radial variation in both Manchurian ash and Dahurian larch conformed to the Gompertz model, but exhibited incomplete synchrony at seasonal scales, and the annual cumulative radial increment and mean daily basal increment rate had significant differences between the two species. During the three-year observation period (2020-2022), Manchurian ash exhibited earlier initiation of radial growth compared to Dahurian larch. The day of year when 25% of annual cumulative radial increment was achieved (DOY₂₅) occurred 3-17 d earlier for Manchurian ash than for Dahurian larch; Manchurian ash demonstrated a 28-day longer peak growth period (L_PGS) than Dahurian larch in 2021. The two tree species showed comparable timing of growth cessation. Both tree species exhibited unimodal patterns in daily radial growth rates, characterized by an initial increase followed by a gradual decrease, reaching peak values in early summer (DOY 147-DOY 157). The critical phenological timings of radial growth (including DOY₂₅, DOY₅₀, and DOY₇₅) and the peak growth duration (L_PGS) were significantly influenced by interannual environmental factors. The daily stem radial variation of the two tree species during the growing season showed different trends depending on weather conditions, with a sinusoidal function type of fluctuation on sunny days. Daily amplitudes of Manchurian ash and Dahurian larch at the peak period of stem radial growth were significantly negatively correlated with volumetric soil water content and significantly positively correlated with photosynthetically active radiation. The amount of daily stem radial variation was negatively correlated with vapor pressure deficit for both species during the peak period of stem radial growth. This indicates that seasonal dynamics of stem radial variation are influenced by the characteristics of tree species, while the daily variation patterns are affected by environmental factors such as soil volumetric water content and light conditions. Moisture availability is a key factor influencing the stem radial variation of Manchurian ash and Dahurian larch.

Key words: radial variation, Fraxinus mandshurica, Larix gmelinii, plantation

YU Pu, ZHANG Quan-Zhi, WANG Chuan-Kuan. Radial variation and its influencing factors of Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii in Mao’ershan[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2026, 50(1): 160-172.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0036

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2026/V50/I1/160

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 Basic information of the sample trees for Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii

树种 Tree species	样树编号 Sample tree No.	胸径 DBH (cm)	树皮厚度 BT (mm)	树高 H (m)
水曲柳 F. mandshurica	1	24.79	9.38	19.53
	2	25.27	8.52	19.65
	3	28.20	9.98	20.21
落叶松 L. gmelinii	4	23.80	8.80	22.90
	5	25.62	10.03	23.23
	6	31.51	9.77	23.88

Fig. 1 Fitting of the cumulative variation of tree stem radial increment for Fraxinus mandshurica (FM) and Larix gmelinii (DL) during the growing seasons from 2020 to 2022 using the Gompertz model and the dynamics of meteorological factors. Smooth dash lines represent fitting curves, and fluctuating dash lines indicate original measured values. SWCmin, daily minimum of soil volumetric water content; VPD, daily mean vapor pressure deficit.

Fig. 2 Fitting of the daily variation rate of the basal area for Fraxinus mandshurica (FM) and Larix gmelinii (DL), and the analysis of differences in the annual total cumulative radial increment and the annual mean daily variation rate of basal area between FM and DL (mean ± SD). Different uppercase letters and lowercase letters indicate significant differences of the annual total cumulative radial increment and the annual mean daily variation rate of basal area among tree species and among years (p < 0.05), respectively.

Fig. 3 Key time nodes of stem radial variation for Fraxinus mandshurica (FM) and Larix gmelinii (DL) from 2020 to 2022. DOY25, DOY50, and DOY75 are the days of the year when the cumulative annual radial increment reaches 25%, 50%, and 75%. LPGS = DOY75 - DOY25, representing the length of the peak growing season.

Fig. 4 Analysis of the differences in key time nodes of stem radial variation for Fraxinus mandshurica (FM) and Larix gmelinii (DL) from 2020 to 2022 (mean ± SD). DOY25, DOY50, and DOY75 are the days of the year when the cumulative annual radial increment reaches 25%, 50%, and 75%. LPGS = DOY75 - DOY25, representing the length of the peak growing season. Different uppercase letters and lowercase letters indicate significant differences of DOY25, DOY50, DOY75 and LPGS among tree species and among years (p < 0.05), respectively.

Fig. 5 Daily dynamics of stem radial variation of Fraxinus mandshurica (FM) and Larix gmelinii (DL) under different weather conditions (June to September 2020).

Fig. 6 Correlation between the stem radial variation amplitudes and environmental factors for Fraxinus mandshurica (FM) and Larix gmelinii (DL) during the peak growth period. PARtotal, total daily photosynthetically active radiation; SWCmin, daily minimum of soil volumetric water content.

Fig. 7 Correlations between the amount of daily stem radial variation and environmental factors for Fraxinus mandshurica (FM) and Larix gmelinii (DL) during the peak growth period (PG) and steady fluctuation period (SF). PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; RH, relative humidity; SWC, soil volumetric water content; T, air temperature; VPD, vapor pressure deficit.

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