DROUGHT EFFECTS ON CARBON EXCHANGE IN A SUBTROPICAL CONIFEROUS PLANTATION IN CHINA

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Drought effects on terrestrial ecosystems are a key issue in global change research. This study was designed to 1) analyze effects of drought on carbon exchange in a subtropical coniferous plantation; 2) elucidate the sensitivity of carbon exchange to different degree of water deficit and the critical values when the ecosystem converts from carbon sink to source and 3) investigate the main factors that control ecosystem carbon exchange when drought occurs.

Methods The CEVSA2 model, which incorporated several significant modifications based on the CEVSA process-based ecosystem model and has been tested by using eddy covariance observation in different forest ecosystems, was parameterized by using site-specific ecophysiological measurements. Drought scenarios were designed to analyze effects on annual carbon budget and to elucidate the main control factors.

Important findings Drought decreases ecosystem production and carbon exchange significantly. Compared with simulation of no drought effect scenario, the droughts in 2003 and 2004 decrease annual net ecosystem production (NEP) by 63% and 47%, respectively. Ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration respond to drought differently, and the more rapid decrease of gross ecosystem production (GEP) than ecosystem respiration (Re) lead to the decrease of NEP when drought occurs. As daily average vapor pressure deficit (VPD) rises above 1.5 kPa, GEP, Re and NEP begin to decrease; When VPD rises above 2.5 kPa and relative soil water content (RSW; soil water content/saturated soil water content) decreases below 40%, the ecosystem converts from a carbon sink to source. Soil water deficit, which is the main factor controlling the ecosystem carbon exchange, accounts for 46% to the decrease of total annual NEP in 2003 and 2004, and atmospheric drought accounts for only 4%.

Key words: CEVSA2 model, drought effect, carbon exchange, subtropical coniferous plantation, eddy covariance

GU Feng-Xue, YU Gui-Rui, WEN Xue-Fa, TAO Bo, LI Ke-Rang, LIU Yun-Fen. DROUGHT EFFECTS ON CARBON EXCHANGE IN A SUBTROPICAL CONIFEROUS PLANTATION IN CHINA[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2008, 32(5): 1041-1051.

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Figures/Tables 9

References 37

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参数/单位 Parameter/Unit	描述 Description	数值 Value	来源 Source
Lon	经度 Longitude	115.07	Li等 (2005)
Lat	纬度 Latitude	26.73	Li等 (2005)
VGTY	植被类型 Vegetation type	常绿针叶林 Evengreen broad-leave forestry	CERN
VEGC/ gC·m^-2	植被碳 Vegetation carbon	10 931	CERN、李家永和袁小华(2001)
iLAI / m²·m^-2	初始叶面积指数 Initial LAI	3.2	张红旗等(2004)
YSMC /gC·m^-2	土壤碳 Soil carbon	12 949	CERN、李家永和袁小华(2001)
YSAN/ gN·m^-2	土壤有效氮 Soil available nitrogen content	22.0	CERN
rato / demensionless	土壤N:C比 Soil nitrogen and carbon ratio	0.063	CERN
INSWC /mm	初始土壤含水量 Initial soil moisture	429	流量观测数据 Flux observation data
SAND、SILT、CLAY /%	土壤颗粒组成 Percentage of soil particle	0.20、0.62、0.18	CERN
MSAT /cm^-3·cm^-3	饱和含水量 (体积) Saturated soil water content (volume)	0.42	CERN
whc / cm^-3·cm^-3	田间持水量(体积) Soil moisture at field capacity (volume)	0.25	CERN
Wilt / cm^-3·cm^-3	凋萎系数 (体积) Soil moisture at wilt point (volume)	0.12	CERN
SMOPT /%	分解的最优含水量 Soil optimum moisture for decomposition	68.0	CERN
SMIE / dimensionless	土壤有机质分解参数 Parameter for decomposition (dimensionless)	-0.29	CERN
SMAT / dimensionless	土壤有机质分解参数 Parameter for decomposition (dimensionless)	0.63	CERN
SLA /m²·g^-1C	比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.025	Kaduk和Heimann (1996)
ω/ dimensionless	决定分配过程对环境变化敏感程度的参数 Allocation parameter (dimensionless)	0.50	Arora和Boer (2005)
ε_L / dimensionless	控制向叶分配的参数 Parameter controlling allocation to leaves (dimensionless)	0.06	Arora和Boer (2005)
ε_S / dimensionless	控制向茎分配的参数 Parameter controlling allocation to stem (dimensionless)	0.05	Arora和Boer (2005)
ε_R / dimensionless	控制向根分配的参数 Parameter controlling allocation to roots (dimensionless)	0.89	Arora和Boer (2005)

参数/单位 Parameter/Unit	描述 Description	数值 Value	来源 Source
Lon	经度 Longitude	115.07	Li等 (2005)
Lat	纬度 Latitude	26.73	Li等 (2005)
VGTY	植被类型 Vegetation type	常绿针叶林 Evengreen broad-leave forestry	CERN
VEGC/ gC·m^-2	植被碳 Vegetation carbon	10 931	CERN、李家永和袁小华(2001)
iLAI / m²·m^-2	初始叶面积指数 Initial LAI	3.2	张红旗等(2004)
YSMC /gC·m^-2	土壤碳 Soil carbon	12 949	CERN、李家永和袁小华(2001)
YSAN/ gN·m^-2	土壤有效氮 Soil available nitrogen content	22.0	CERN
rato / demensionless	土壤N:C比 Soil nitrogen and carbon ratio	0.063	CERN
INSWC /mm	初始土壤含水量 Initial soil moisture	429	流量观测数据 Flux observation data
SAND、SILT、CLAY /%	土壤颗粒组成 Percentage of soil particle	0.20、0.62、0.18	CERN
MSAT /cm^-3·cm^-3	饱和含水量 (体积) Saturated soil water content (volume)	0.42	CERN
whc / cm^-3·cm^-3	田间持水量(体积) Soil moisture at field capacity (volume)	0.25	CERN
Wilt / cm^-3·cm^-3	凋萎系数 (体积) Soil moisture at wilt point (volume)	0.12	CERN
SMOPT /%	分解的最优含水量 Soil optimum moisture for decomposition	68.0	CERN
SMIE / dimensionless	土壤有机质分解参数 Parameter for decomposition (dimensionless)	-0.29	CERN
SMAT / dimensionless	土壤有机质分解参数 Parameter for decomposition (dimensionless)	0.63	CERN
SLA /m²·g^-1C	比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.025	Kaduk和Heimann (1996)
ω/ dimensionless	决定分配过程对环境变化敏感程度的参数 Allocation parameter (dimensionless)	0.50	Arora和Boer (2005)
ε_L / dimensionless	控制向叶分配的参数 Parameter controlling allocation to leaves (dimensionless)	0.06	Arora和Boer (2005)
ε_S / dimensionless	控制向茎分配的参数 Parameter controlling allocation to stem (dimensionless)	0.05	Arora和Boer (2005)
ε_R / dimensionless	控制向根分配的参数 Parameter controlling allocation to roots (dimensionless)	0.89	Arora和Boer (2005)

	长白山 CBS (n=1 095)	哈佛 HF (n=4 745)	千烟洲 QYZ (n=730)
总生态系统生产力 GEP	0.91	0.90	0.73
生态系统呼吸 Re	0.96	0.78	0.93
净生态系统生产力 NEP	0.60	0.81	0.28

	长白山 CBS (n=1 095)	哈佛 HF (n=4 745)	千烟洲 QYZ (n=730)
总生态系统生产力 GEP	0.91	0.90	0.73
生态系统呼吸 Re	0.96	0.78	0.93
净生态系统生产力 NEP	0.60	0.81	0.28

年 Year	情景 Scenarios	GEP变化 Change rate of GEP	Re变化 Change rate of Re	NEP变化 Change rate of NEP
2003	观测值 Observation	-0.32	-0.20	-0.55
	VPD-RSW	-0.38	-0.25	-0.63
	VPD	-0.02	-0.01	-0.05
	RSW	-0.31	-0.21	-0.48
	NONE	0.00	0.00	0.00
2004	观测值 Observation	-0.21	-0.05	-0.49
	VPD-RSW	-0.25	-0.14	-0.47
	VPD	-0.02	-0.01	-0.04
	RSW	-0.23	-0.13	-0.44
	NONE	0.00	0.00	0.00
平均	观测值 Observation	-0.27	-0.12	-0.52
Average	VPD-RSW	-0.32	-0.19	-0.55
	VPD	-0.02	-0.01	-0.04
	RSW	0.00	0.00	0.00
	NONE	-0.27	-0.17	-0.46