Responses of the spatial-temporal distribution of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots and yield to different ratios of nitrogen sources

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00759

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The study was conducted to reveal the effects of organic manure and urea on root spatial-temporal distributions, root turnover and yield in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum).
Methods Using a minirhizotron root monitoring system, we studied root parameters (diameter, length density, increment, mortality and turnover) and yield of winter wheat ‘Yumai34’ under different fertilizer treatments (chicken manure and urea in ratios of 75 : 25, 50 : 50 and 25 : 75).
Important findings Chicken manure and urea can increase root diameter, length density, increment, mortality and turnover in different growing stages. The 50 : 50 ratio of organic manure to urea had the greatest effect, significantly enhancing the above values. In contrast to no fertilizer treatment and urea treatment, the treatments of different ratios of organic manure to urea can significantly increase the number of effective tillers, grains per spike, grain weight per spike, economic yield and harvest index. Furthermore, both the economic yield and harvest index reached their highest values under the 50 : 50 treatment, and the differences with other treatments were statistically significant. Considering the general factors such as wheat grain yield and harvest index, the equivalent ratio of organic manure to urea had the largest effects and resulted in the highest wheat grain yield.

Key words: minirhizotron, nitrogen sources, root, spatial-temporal distribution, Triticum aestivum, yield

XIONG Shu-Ping, WANG Xiao-Chun, LI Chun-Ming, MA Xin-Ming, DU Shao-Yong, ZHANG Ying-Wu, LIN Shi-Zhao. Responses of the spatial-temporal distribution of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots and yield to different ratios of nitrogen sources[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2011, 35(7): 759-768.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00759

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Figures/Tables 6

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	处理 Treatment	生育时期 Growth stage
	处理 Treatment	越冬期Wintering	返青期 Green-returning	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	开花期 Anthesis	灌浆期 Grain filling	成熟期 Riping
根系直径 Root diameter (mm)	T₀	0.43^d	0.44^c	0.40^d	0.39^c	0.33^c	0.32^c	0.33^c
	T₁	0.46^cd	0.49^b	0.44^c	0.42^b	0.37^b	0.35^b	0.33^c
	T₂	0.48^bc	0.51^b	0.47^b	0.44^b	0.41^a	0.37^b	0.34^bc
	T₃	0.51^a	0.55^a	0.51^a	0.48^a	0.41^a	0.40^a	0.35^b
	T₄	0.50^ab	0.51^b	0.46^bc	0.43^b	0.39^ab	0.37^b	0.38^a
	T₅	0.49^ab	0.51^b	0.45^bc	0.42^b	0.39^ab	0.36^b	0.34^bc
根长密度 Root length density (cm·cm^-2)	T₀	6.26^d	6.78^d	8.99^d	9.66^d	9.74^d	9.66^d	9.16^d
	T₁	8.41^c	9.31^c	12.29^b	13.31^c	13.43^c	13.34^c	12.61^c
	T₂	8.61^bc	9.55^bc	12.59^b	13.64^bc	13.77^c	13.68^c	12.93^bc
	T₃	9.54^a	10.55^a	13.93^a	15.08^a	15.23^a	15.22^a	14.30^a
	T₄	8.92^b	9.92^b	13.12^ab	14.20^b	14.34^b	14.25^b	13.47^b
	T₅	8.91^b	9.88^b	13.04^ab	14.14^b	14.27^bc	14.18^bc	13.39^b

	处理 Treatment	生育时期 Growth stage
	处理 Treatment	越冬期Wintering	返青期 Green-returning	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	开花期 Anthesis	灌浆期 Grain filling	成熟期 Riping
根系直径 Root diameter (mm)	T₀	0.43^d	0.44^c	0.40^d	0.39^c	0.33^c	0.32^c	0.33^c
	T₁	0.46^cd	0.49^b	0.44^c	0.42^b	0.37^b	0.35^b	0.33^c
	T₂	0.48^bc	0.51^b	0.47^b	0.44^b	0.41^a	0.37^b	0.34^bc
	T₃	0.51^a	0.55^a	0.51^a	0.48^a	0.41^a	0.40^a	0.35^b
	T₄	0.50^ab	0.51^b	0.46^bc	0.43^b	0.39^ab	0.37^b	0.38^a
	T₅	0.49^ab	0.51^b	0.45^bc	0.42^b	0.39^ab	0.36^b	0.34^bc
根长密度 Root length density (cm·cm^-2)	T₀	6.26^d	6.78^d	8.99^d	9.66^d	9.74^d	9.66^d	9.16^d
	T₁	8.41^c	9.31^c	12.29^b	13.31^c	13.43^c	13.34^c	12.61^c
	T₂	8.61^bc	9.55^bc	12.59^b	13.64^bc	13.77^c	13.68^c	12.93^bc
	T₃	9.54^a	10.55^a	13.93^a	15.08^a	15.23^a	15.22^a	14.30^a
	T₄	8.92^b	9.92^b	13.12^ab	14.20^b	14.34^b	14.25^b	13.47^b
	T₅	8.91^b	9.88^b	13.04^ab	14.14^b	14.27^bc	14.18^bc	13.39^b

	处理 Treatment	生育时期 Growth stage
	处理 Treatment	越冬期 Wintering	返青期 Green-returning	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	开花期 Anthesis	灌浆期 Grain filling	成熟期 Riping
根长生长量 RLD_P	T₀	1.19^c	0.22^d	0.86^d	0.60^d	0.30^d	0.22^d	0.06^c
	T₁	1.58^b	0.32^c	1.13^c	0.85^c	0.42^c	0.31^c	0.06^c
	T₂	1.64^b	0.34^b	1.18^bc	0.88^bc	0.44^b	0.34^b	0.08^b
	T₃	1.82^a	0.39^a	1.32^a	0.99^a	0.50^a	0.38^a	0.09^a
	T₄	1.67^b	0.33^bc	1.21^b	0.89^bc	0.43^bc	0.32^bc	0.05^c
	T₅	1.67^b	0.33^bc	1.19^bc	0.90^b	0.44^bc	0.33^bc	0.05^c
根长死亡量 RLD_M	T₀	0.06^b	0.12^d	0.19^d	0.34^c	0.24^d	0.25^d	0.34^c
	T₁	0.06^b	0.15^c	0.23^c	0.47^b	0.33^c	0.36^c	0.49^b
	T₂	0.07^ab	0.17^b	0.26^b	0.50^b	0.36^b	0.39^b	0.52^b
	T₃	0.09^a	0.20^a	0.29^a	0.56^a	0.41^a	0.43^a	0.58^a
	T₄	0.05^b	0.15^c	0.24^bc	0.49^b	0.34^bc	0.37^bc	0.51^b
	T₅	0.05^b	0.16^c	0.24^c	0.49^b	0.35^bc	0.38^bc	0.52^b

	处理 Treatment	生育时期 Growth stage
	处理 Treatment	越冬期 Wintering	返青期 Green-returning	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	开花期 Anthesis	灌浆期 Grain filling	成熟期 Riping
根长生长量 RLD_P	T₀	1.19^c	0.22^d	0.86^d	0.60^d	0.30^d	0.22^d	0.06^c
	T₁	1.58^b	0.32^c	1.13^c	0.85^c	0.42^c	0.31^c	0.06^c
	T₂	1.64^b	0.34^b	1.18^bc	0.88^bc	0.44^b	0.34^b	0.08^b
	T₃	1.82^a	0.39^a	1.32^a	0.99^a	0.50^a	0.38^a	0.09^a
	T₄	1.67^b	0.33^bc	1.21^b	0.89^bc	0.43^bc	0.32^bc	0.05^c
	T₅	1.67^b	0.33^bc	1.19^bc	0.90^b	0.44^bc	0.33^bc	0.05^c
根长死亡量 RLD_M	T₀	0.06^b	0.12^d	0.19^d	0.34^c	0.24^d	0.25^d	0.34^c
	T₁	0.06^b	0.15^c	0.23^c	0.47^b	0.33^c	0.36^c	0.49^b
	T₂	0.07^ab	0.17^b	0.26^b	0.50^b	0.36^b	0.39^b	0.52^b
	T₃	0.09^a	0.20^a	0.29^a	0.56^a	0.41^a	0.43^a	0.58^a
	T₄	0.05^b	0.15^c	0.24^bc	0.49^b	0.34^bc	0.37^bc	0.51^b
	T₅	0.05^b	0.16^c	0.24^c	0.49^b	0.35^bc	0.38^bc	0.52^b

处理 Treatment	平均根长密度 ARLD (cm·cm^-2)	根长生长量 PRLD_P (mm·cm^-2·p^-1)	根长死亡量 PRLD_M (mm·cm^-2·p^-1)	根系周转(1) Root turnover (1) (p^-1)	根系周转(2) Root turnover (2) (p^-1)
T₀	8.61^d	131.76^c	40.14^d	1.53^b	0.46^b
T₁	11.81^c	178.15^b	52.04^c	1.51^c	0.44^c
T₂	12.11^bc	186.08^b	56.82^b	1.54^b	0.47^ab
T₃	13.39^a	207.91^a	64.87^a	1.55^ab	0.48^a
T₄	12.60^b	187.87^b	53.61^bc	1.49^d	0.43^d
T₅	12.54^b	187.46^b	53.17^bc	1.49^d	0.42^d