Effect of high temperature on leaf senescence and related enzymes of grain starch synthesis in stay-green wheat after anthesis

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00769

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Our objectives were to explore the influence of high temperature on enzymes of grain starch synthesis in stay-green wheat (Triticum aestivum) and reveal heat tolerance in stay-green wheat.
Methods We used the stay-green wheat ‘Wm8’ and ‘Ym66’ and the control varieties ‘XY6’ and ‘XY22’ as experimental materials. A warming cover of plastic film was used to carry out the high-temperature treatment. After anthesis, we measured green leaf number, chlorophyll content, malonaldehyde (MDA) and membrane permeability, as well as the activities of the enzymes of grain starch synthesis were measured.
Important findings High temperature after anthesis promotes rapid leaf senescence. For all four varieties, the green leaf number and chlorophyll content significantly decreased, but the MDA content and the relative electric conductivity increased markedly. The stay-green wheat varieties had higher green leaf number and chlorophyll content and lower MDA content and relative electric conductivity than the control cultivars after high temperature treatment. In grains, the activities of the enzymes of grain starch synthesis (sucrose synthase, SS; adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, AGPP; and soluble starch synthase, SSS) in all four varieties decreased after high temperature treatment. But activities of these enzymes in the stay-green wheat were also higher than those in the control wheat, suggesting that it was beneficial for the starch accumulation in grain of stay-green wheat under high temperature. Among the three enzymes, a significant difference existed in SSS activity between the high temperature treatment and the control, and activities of the above three enzymes were positively and significantly correlated with grain-filling rate (r = 0.905, 0.419 and 0.801, respectively), so they play a key role in starch synthesis in the grain of wheat. Above all, the stay-green wheats have better resistance to high temperature than other varieties, and they have strong photosynthesis capacity and higher grain weight. Hence, breeding new cultivars with the stay-green characteristic would reduce the influence of high temperature stress during grain filling in wheat production.

Key words: enzyme activity, grain granule, high temperature, starch synthesis, stay-green, winter wheat

SHI Hui-Qing, GONG Yue-Hua, ZHANG Dong-Wu. Effect of high temperature on leaf senescence and related enzymes of grain starch synthesis in stay-green wheat after anthesis[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2011, 35(7): 769-778.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00769

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2011/V35/I7/769

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Diurnal changes of temperature and relative humidity inside and outside the sheds after high temperature treatment.

Fig. 2 Effect of different treatments after anthesis on green leaf number (A, B) and chlorophyll content (C, D) in different types of wheat. ‘Wm8’, ‘Weimai 8 hao’; ‘XY6’, ‘Xiaoyan 6 hao’; ‘XY22’, ‘Xiaoyan22’; ‘Ym66’, ‘Yumai 66’.

Fig. 3 Influence of different treatments to malonaldehyde (MDA) (A, B) content and relative electric conductivity (C, D) of leaves in different types of wheat. ‘Wm8’, ‘Weimai 8 hao’; ‘XY6’, ‘Xiaoyan 6 hao’; ‘XY22’, ‘Xiaoyan22’; ‘Ym66’, ‘Yumai 66’.

Fig. 4 Effect of different treatments after anthesis on sucrose synthase (SS) activity in different types of wheat grain. ‘Wm8’, ‘Weimai 8 hao’; ‘XY6’, ‘Xiaoyan 6 hao’; ‘XY22’, ‘Xiaoyan22’; ‘Ym66’, ‘Yumai 66’.

Fig. 5 Effect of different treatments after anthesis on adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPP) activity in different types of wheat grain. ‘Wm8’, ‘Weimai 8 hao’; ‘XY6’, ‘Xiaoyan 6 hao’; ‘XY22’, ‘Xiaoyan22’; ‘Ym66’, ‘Yumai 66’.

Fig. 6 Effect of different treatments after anthesis on the activity of soluble starch synthase (SSS) in different types of wheat grain. ‘Wm8’, ‘Weimai 8 hao’; ‘XY6’, ‘Xiaoyan 6 hao’; ‘XY22’, ‘Xiaoyan22’; ‘Ym66’, ‘Yumai 66’.

Fig. 7 Effect of different treatments after anthesis on the 1000-grain weight of different types of wheat. ‘Wm8’, ‘Weimai 8 hao’; ‘XY6’, ‘Xiaoyan 6 hao’; ‘XY22’, ‘Xiaoyan22’; ‘Ym66’, ‘Yumai 66’.

Fig. 8 Effect of different treatments on the rate of filling in different types of wheat. ‘Wm8’, ‘Weimai 8 hao’; ‘XY6’, ‘Xiaoyan 6 hao’; ‘XY22’, ‘Xiaoyan22’; ‘Ym66’, ‘Yumai 66’.

Table 1 Effect of high temperature on yield and yield components of different types of winter wheat

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	株高 Spike high (cm)	穗长 Ear length (cm)	分糵数Tillering number (个)	穗粒重 Grain weight/ Spike (g)	千粒重 1 000-grain weight (g)	生物学产量 Biological yield (kg·m^-2)	经济学产量Economic yield (kg·m^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
‘Ym66’	CK	74.23^a	15.95^a	1.78^a	3.11^A	46.49^A	2.44^a	0.64^a	34.59^A
‘Ym66’	HT	74.11^a	15.64^a	1.80^a	2.81^B	41.83^B	2.09^a	0.55^a	32.48^B
‘Wm8’	CK	76.13^a	14.73^a	2.25^a	3.08^A	48.98^A	2.56^a	0.73^a	35.03^A
‘Wm8’	HT	75.86^a	14.53^a	2.31^a	2.73^B	44.28^B	2.25^a	0.69^a	32.25^B
‘XY6’	CK	82.13^A	10.81^a	3.38^a	2.09^A	39.90^A	2.08^a	0.74^a	40.89^a
‘XY6’	HT	78.87^B	10.47^a	3.50^a	1.66^B	32.14^B	1.56^b	0.53^b	40.17^b
‘XY22’	CK	78.83^A	9.95^a	2.84^a	2.17^A	39.95^A	1.92^a	0.79^A	32.94^a
‘XY22’	HT	75.48^B	9.60^b	2.90^a	1.74^B	32.79^B	1.43^b	0.56^B	34.20^a

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