Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 973-985.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0203
Special Issue: 碳储量
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
HU Zong-Da1,*(), LIU Shi-Rong3, LUO Ming-Xia1, HU Jing4, LIU Xing-Liang2, LI Ya-Fei1, YU Hao1, OU Ding-Hua1
Received:
2020-06-19
Revised:
2020-08-06
Online:
2020-09-20
Published:
2020-09-03
Contact:
HU Zong-Da
Supported by:
HU Zong-Da, LIU Shi-Rong, LUO Ming-Xia, HU Jing, LIU Xing-Liang, LI Ya-Fei, YU Hao, OU Ding-Hua. Characteristics of soil carbon and nitrogen contents and enzyme activities in sub-alpine secondary forests with different successional stages in Western Sichuan, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2020, 44(9): 973-985.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0203
林型 Forest type | 立地特征 Site characteristic | 林型特征 Stand characteristic | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均海拔 Mean altitude (m) | 坡向 Slope aspect | 平均坡度 Mean slope (°) | 坡位 Slope position | 林分密度 Stand density (tree·hm-2) | 平均树高 Mean height (m) | 平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm) | 郁闭度 Canopy density | 草本层盖度 Coverage of herb (%) | |
80-NSF | 3 387 | 东北 NE | 22 | 中坡 Middle slope | 2 375 | 6.35 | 10.83 | 0.60 | 65.2 |
70-NSF | 3 312 | 西北 NW | 27 | 中坡 Middle slope | 1 833 | 7.25 | 11.12 | 0.62 | 79.3 |
60-NSF | 3 080 | 东北 NE | 24 | 中坡 Middle slope | 1 583 | 6.83 | 14.17 | 0.68 | 40.5 |
CK | 3 189 | 东北 NE | 25 | 中上坡 Upper-middle slope | 1 633 | 10.56 | 26.70 | 0.76 | 43.3 |
Table 1 Stand and site characteristics of natural secondary forests and Abies faxoniana primary forest at different stages of succession in 2019 in Miyaluo forest area
林型 Forest type | 立地特征 Site characteristic | 林型特征 Stand characteristic | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均海拔 Mean altitude (m) | 坡向 Slope aspect | 平均坡度 Mean slope (°) | 坡位 Slope position | 林分密度 Stand density (tree·hm-2) | 平均树高 Mean height (m) | 平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm) | 郁闭度 Canopy density | 草本层盖度 Coverage of herb (%) | |
80-NSF | 3 387 | 东北 NE | 22 | 中坡 Middle slope | 2 375 | 6.35 | 10.83 | 0.60 | 65.2 |
70-NSF | 3 312 | 西北 NW | 27 | 中坡 Middle slope | 1 833 | 7.25 | 11.12 | 0.62 | 79.3 |
60-NSF | 3 080 | 东北 NE | 24 | 中坡 Middle slope | 1 583 | 6.83 | 14.17 | 0.68 | 40.5 |
CK | 3 189 | 东北 NE | 25 | 中上坡 Upper-middle slope | 1 633 | 10.56 | 26.70 | 0.76 | 43.3 |
酶 Enzyme | 缩写 Abbreviation | 功能 Function | 底物 Substrate |
---|---|---|---|
β-4-葡萄糖苷酶 β-4-glucosidase | βG | 分解易降解碳 Decomposition of labile carbon | 4-MUB-β-D-葡萄糖苷 4- MUB -β-D-glucoside |
纤维素水解酶 Cellulose hydrolysis | CBH | 分解易降解碳 Decomposition of labile carbon | 羧甲基纤维素钠 Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose |
β-4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶 β-4-N-acetylglucosaminidase | NAG | 分解氮 Hydrolyze nitrogen | 4-MUB-β-D-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷 4-MUB-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide |
多酚氧化酶 Phenol oxidase | PHO | 分解难降解碳 Decomposition of recalcitrant carbon | 邻苯三酚 Pyrogallic acid |
过氧化物酶 Peroxidase | PEO | 分解难降解碳 Decomposition of recalcitrant carbon | 邻苯三酚-过氧化氢 Pyrogallol-hydrogen peroxide |
Table 2 Abbreviations, function and substrates of soil enzymes
酶 Enzyme | 缩写 Abbreviation | 功能 Function | 底物 Substrate |
---|---|---|---|
β-4-葡萄糖苷酶 β-4-glucosidase | βG | 分解易降解碳 Decomposition of labile carbon | 4-MUB-β-D-葡萄糖苷 4- MUB -β-D-glucoside |
纤维素水解酶 Cellulose hydrolysis | CBH | 分解易降解碳 Decomposition of labile carbon | 羧甲基纤维素钠 Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose |
β-4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶 β-4-N-acetylglucosaminidase | NAG | 分解氮 Hydrolyze nitrogen | 4-MUB-β-D-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷 4-MUB-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide |
多酚氧化酶 Phenol oxidase | PHO | 分解难降解碳 Decomposition of recalcitrant carbon | 邻苯三酚 Pyrogallic acid |
过氧化物酶 Peroxidase | PEO | 分解难降解碳 Decomposition of recalcitrant carbon | 邻苯三酚-过氧化氢 Pyrogallol-hydrogen peroxide |
项目 Item | 80-NSF | 70-NSF | 60-NSF | CK |
---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 5.08 ± 0.06a | 5.24 ± 0.16ab | 5.42 ± 0.11bc | 5.54 ± 0.04c |
含水率 Soil water content (%) | 57.65 ± 14.58a | 48.68 ± 2.99a | 23.73 ± 4.50b | 68.47 ± 9.99a |
有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (g·kg-1) | 98.07 ± 4.08a | 91.28 ± 5.90a | 47.29 ± 1.88b | 124.38 ± 14.70c |
全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content (g·kg-1) | 8.22 ± 0.57a | 8.90 ± 0.60a | 3.28 ± 0.15b | 11.70 ± 1.03c |
碳氮比 C:N | 11.95 ± 0.47a | 10.25 ± 0.03b | 14.40 ± 0.28c | 10.61 ± 0.35b |
全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content (g·kg-1) | 0.78 ± 0.08a | 1.12 ± 0.14bc | 0.93 ± 0.02ad | 1.06 ± 0.05cd |
全钾含量 Soil total potassium content (g·kg-1) | 16.18 ± 0.47a | 21.69 ± 0.48b | 27.26 ± 0.87c | 23.86 ± 0.23d |
可溶性有机碳含量 Dissolved organic carbon content (mg·kg-1) | 123.57 ± 24.89a | 66.08 ± 5.52b | 45.19 ± 9.09b | 139.01 ± 38.74a |
轻组有机碳含量 Light fraction organic carbon content (g·kg-1) | 25.80 ± 9.00a | 20.85 ± 4.75ab | 14.02 ± 1.09b | 40.26 ± 5.99c |
可溶性有机氮含量 Dissolved organic nitrogen content (mg·kg-1) | 40.84 ± 5.35a | 48.29 ± 7.21a | 18.83 ± 5.64b | 39.03 ± 6.33a |
Table 3 Main soil physical and chemical properties and soil available nutrients in different forest types in Miyaluo forest area (mean ± SD, n = 3)
项目 Item | 80-NSF | 70-NSF | 60-NSF | CK |
---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 5.08 ± 0.06a | 5.24 ± 0.16ab | 5.42 ± 0.11bc | 5.54 ± 0.04c |
含水率 Soil water content (%) | 57.65 ± 14.58a | 48.68 ± 2.99a | 23.73 ± 4.50b | 68.47 ± 9.99a |
有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (g·kg-1) | 98.07 ± 4.08a | 91.28 ± 5.90a | 47.29 ± 1.88b | 124.38 ± 14.70c |
全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content (g·kg-1) | 8.22 ± 0.57a | 8.90 ± 0.60a | 3.28 ± 0.15b | 11.70 ± 1.03c |
碳氮比 C:N | 11.95 ± 0.47a | 10.25 ± 0.03b | 14.40 ± 0.28c | 10.61 ± 0.35b |
全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content (g·kg-1) | 0.78 ± 0.08a | 1.12 ± 0.14bc | 0.93 ± 0.02ad | 1.06 ± 0.05cd |
全钾含量 Soil total potassium content (g·kg-1) | 16.18 ± 0.47a | 21.69 ± 0.48b | 27.26 ± 0.87c | 23.86 ± 0.23d |
可溶性有机碳含量 Dissolved organic carbon content (mg·kg-1) | 123.57 ± 24.89a | 66.08 ± 5.52b | 45.19 ± 9.09b | 139.01 ± 38.74a |
轻组有机碳含量 Light fraction organic carbon content (g·kg-1) | 25.80 ± 9.00a | 20.85 ± 4.75ab | 14.02 ± 1.09b | 40.26 ± 5.99c |
可溶性有机氮含量 Dissolved organic nitrogen content (mg·kg-1) | 40.84 ± 5.35a | 48.29 ± 7.21a | 18.83 ± 5.64b | 39.03 ± 6.33a |
林型 Forest type | βG (nmol×g-1×h-1) | CBH (mg×g-1×h-1) | NAG (nmol×g-1×h-1) | PHO (mg×g-1×h-1) | PEO (mg×g-1×h-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
80-NSF | 22.64 ± 3.83a | 26.15 ± 2.49a | 9.76 ± 0.82a | 38.83 ± 1.59a | 36.19 ± 2.61a |
70-NSF | 22.30 ± 1.23a | 25.66 ± 1.88a | 4.01 ± 0.36b | 35.09 ± 1.56a | 31.24 ± 2.91a |
60-NSF | 6.20 ± 1.69b | 18.53 ± 0.95b | 2.37 ± 0.05b | 34.82 ± 1.04a | 36.69 ± 1.18a |
CK | 31.54 ± 5.51c | 22.60 ± 1.03ab | 12.40 ± 0.56c | 46.02 ± 1.60b | 37.81 ± 1.54a |
Table 4 Soil enzyme activities in different natural secondary forests and the primary Abies faxoniana forest in Miyaluo forest area (mean ± SD, n = 3)
林型 Forest type | βG (nmol×g-1×h-1) | CBH (mg×g-1×h-1) | NAG (nmol×g-1×h-1) | PHO (mg×g-1×h-1) | PEO (mg×g-1×h-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
80-NSF | 22.64 ± 3.83a | 26.15 ± 2.49a | 9.76 ± 0.82a | 38.83 ± 1.59a | 36.19 ± 2.61a |
70-NSF | 22.30 ± 1.23a | 25.66 ± 1.88a | 4.01 ± 0.36b | 35.09 ± 1.56a | 31.24 ± 2.91a |
60-NSF | 6.20 ± 1.69b | 18.53 ± 0.95b | 2.37 ± 0.05b | 34.82 ± 1.04a | 36.69 ± 1.18a |
CK | 31.54 ± 5.51c | 22.60 ± 1.03ab | 12.40 ± 0.56c | 46.02 ± 1.60b | 37.81 ± 1.54a |
项目 Item | DOC 含量 DOC content | DON 含量 DON content | SOC 含量 SOC content | TN含量 TN content | TP含量 TP content | TK含量 TK content | C:N | pH | 土壤 含水率 SWC | H | D | J | E |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
轻组有机碳含量 LFOC content | 0.853** | 0.431 | 0.833** | 0.805** | 0.253 | -0.189 | -0.564 | 0.354 | 0.810** | 0.085 | 0.137 | 0.204 | 0.208 |
可溶性有机碳含量 DOC content | 1 | 0.510 | 0.857** | 0.770** | -0.079 | -0.479 | -0.456 | -0.029 | 0.869** | 0.235 | 0.242 | 0.248 | 0.240 |
可溶性有机氮含量 DON content | 1 | 0.712** | 0.754** | 0.311 | -0.596* | -0.837** | -0.451 | 0.659* | 0.683* | 0.594* | 0.148 | 0.369 | |
有机碳含量 SOC content | 1 | 0.983** | 0.194 | -0.450 | -0.799** | 0.017 | 0.860** | 0.332 | 0.302 | 0.111 | 0.295 | ||
全氮含量 TN content | 1 | 0.329 | -0.392 | -0.885** | 0.061 | 0.847** | 0.386 | 0.334 | 0.052 | 0.342 | |||
全磷含量 TP content | 1 | 0.444 | -0.486 | 0.408 | 0.157 | 0.420 | 0.282 | -0.203 | 0.632* | ||||
全钾含量 TK content | 1 | 0.425 | 0.744** | -0.483 | -0.347 | -0.390 | -0.306 | 0.212 | |||||
碳氮比 C:N | 1 | 0.060 | -0.710** | -0.519 | -0.431 | 0.040 | -0.307 | ||||||
土壤pH Soil pH | 1 | 0.013 | -0.421 | -0.410 | -0.247 | 0.082 | |||||||
土壤含水率 SWC | 1 | 0.340 | 0.280 | 0.051 | 0.222 |
Table 5 Correlation among the soil properties in the natural secondary forests in Miyaluo forest area
项目 Item | DOC 含量 DOC content | DON 含量 DON content | SOC 含量 SOC content | TN含量 TN content | TP含量 TP content | TK含量 TK content | C:N | pH | 土壤 含水率 SWC | H | D | J | E |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
轻组有机碳含量 LFOC content | 0.853** | 0.431 | 0.833** | 0.805** | 0.253 | -0.189 | -0.564 | 0.354 | 0.810** | 0.085 | 0.137 | 0.204 | 0.208 |
可溶性有机碳含量 DOC content | 1 | 0.510 | 0.857** | 0.770** | -0.079 | -0.479 | -0.456 | -0.029 | 0.869** | 0.235 | 0.242 | 0.248 | 0.240 |
可溶性有机氮含量 DON content | 1 | 0.712** | 0.754** | 0.311 | -0.596* | -0.837** | -0.451 | 0.659* | 0.683* | 0.594* | 0.148 | 0.369 | |
有机碳含量 SOC content | 1 | 0.983** | 0.194 | -0.450 | -0.799** | 0.017 | 0.860** | 0.332 | 0.302 | 0.111 | 0.295 | ||
全氮含量 TN content | 1 | 0.329 | -0.392 | -0.885** | 0.061 | 0.847** | 0.386 | 0.334 | 0.052 | 0.342 | |||
全磷含量 TP content | 1 | 0.444 | -0.486 | 0.408 | 0.157 | 0.420 | 0.282 | -0.203 | 0.632* | ||||
全钾含量 TK content | 1 | 0.425 | 0.744** | -0.483 | -0.347 | -0.390 | -0.306 | 0.212 | |||||
碳氮比 C:N | 1 | 0.060 | -0.710** | -0.519 | -0.431 | 0.040 | -0.307 | ||||||
土壤pH Soil pH | 1 | 0.013 | -0.421 | -0.410 | -0.247 | 0.082 | |||||||
土壤含水率 SWC | 1 | 0.340 | 0.280 | 0.051 | 0.222 |
项目 Item | β-4-葡萄糖苷酶 β-4-glucosidase | 纤维素水解酶 Cellulose hydrolysis | β-4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶 β-4-N-acetylglucosaminidase | 多酚氧化酶 Phenol oxidase | 过氧化物酶 Peroxidase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤pH Soil pH | 0.010 | -0.583* | 0.086 | 0.403 | 0.352 |
土壤含水率 SWC | 0.804** | 0.498 | 0.809** | 0.749** | 0.298 |
全氮含量 TN content | 0.939** | 0.474 | 0.787** | 0.715** | -0.016 |
有机碳含量 SOC content | 0.916** | 0.446 | 0.853** | 0.760** | 0.050 |
碳氮比 C:N | -0.867** | -0.621* | -0.508 | -0.421 | 0.227 |
全磷含量 TP content | 0.244 | 0.132 | -0.124 | 0.237 | -0.057 |
全钾含量 TK content | -0.456 | -0.694* | -0.447 | -0.087 | 0.094 |
轻组有机碳含量 LFOC content | 0.737** | 0.295 | 0.844** | 0.895** | 0.493 |
可溶性有机碳含量 DOC content | 0.722** | 0.374 | 0.908** | 0.832** | 0.422 |
可溶性有机氮含量 DON content | 0.682* | 0.814** | 0.388 | 0.222 | -0.287 |
Shannon-Wiener指数 H | 0.407 | 0.610* | 0.091 | 0.120 | -0.243 |
Simpson指数 D | 0.343 | 0.616* | 0.151 | 0.138 | -0.224 |
Pielou均匀度指数 J | 0.022 | 0.320 | 0.222 | 0.129 | 0.035 |
Margalef丰富度指数 E | 0.330 | 0.119 | 0.074 | 0.317 | 0.047 |
Table 6 Correlation among soil enzyme activity, soil physicochemical properties and species diversity in Miyaluo forest area
项目 Item | β-4-葡萄糖苷酶 β-4-glucosidase | 纤维素水解酶 Cellulose hydrolysis | β-4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶 β-4-N-acetylglucosaminidase | 多酚氧化酶 Phenol oxidase | 过氧化物酶 Peroxidase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤pH Soil pH | 0.010 | -0.583* | 0.086 | 0.403 | 0.352 |
土壤含水率 SWC | 0.804** | 0.498 | 0.809** | 0.749** | 0.298 |
全氮含量 TN content | 0.939** | 0.474 | 0.787** | 0.715** | -0.016 |
有机碳含量 SOC content | 0.916** | 0.446 | 0.853** | 0.760** | 0.050 |
碳氮比 C:N | -0.867** | -0.621* | -0.508 | -0.421 | 0.227 |
全磷含量 TP content | 0.244 | 0.132 | -0.124 | 0.237 | -0.057 |
全钾含量 TK content | -0.456 | -0.694* | -0.447 | -0.087 | 0.094 |
轻组有机碳含量 LFOC content | 0.737** | 0.295 | 0.844** | 0.895** | 0.493 |
可溶性有机碳含量 DOC content | 0.722** | 0.374 | 0.908** | 0.832** | 0.422 |
可溶性有机氮含量 DON content | 0.682* | 0.814** | 0.388 | 0.222 | -0.287 |
Shannon-Wiener指数 H | 0.407 | 0.610* | 0.091 | 0.120 | -0.243 |
Simpson指数 D | 0.343 | 0.616* | 0.151 | 0.138 | -0.224 |
Pielou均匀度指数 J | 0.022 | 0.320 | 0.222 | 0.129 | 0.035 |
Margalef丰富度指数 E | 0.330 | 0.119 | 0.074 | 0.317 | 0.047 |
Fig. 2 Redundancy analysis on the relationship between soil enzyme activity and soil physicochemical properties, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, light fraction organic carbon in different forest types in Miyaluo forest area. CK, Abies faxoniana primary forest; 80-NSF, 70-NSF and 60-NSF indicate the natural secondary forest regenerated after logging of the primary forest in 1980s, 1970s and 1960s, respectively. D, Simpson dominance index; H, Shannon-Wiener diversity index. C:N, soil carbon-nitrogen ratio; DOC, dissolved organic carbon; DON, dissolved organic nitrogen; LFOC, light fraction organic carbon; pH, soil acidity-alkalinity; SOC, soil organic carbon; SWC, soil water content; TN, total nitrogen; TK, total potassium. βG, β-4-glucosidase; CBH, cellulose hydrolysis; NAG, β-4-N-acetylglucosaminidase; PEO, peroxidase; PHO, phenol oxidase.
Fig. 3 Diversity index (mean ± SD) of the secondary forests with different successional stages in Miyaluo forest area. 80-NSF, 70-NSF and 60-NSF indicate the natural secondary forest regenerated after logging of the primary forest in 1980s, 1970s and 1960s, respectively. CK indicates the Abies faxoniana primary forest.
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