Effects of different calcium concentrations on growth and physiology of Paspalum wettsteinii seedlings

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0235

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The study about the effects of different calcium concentrations on the growth and physiology of Paspalum wettsteinii seedlings is very important to reveal the adaptive mechanism of Paspalum wettsteinii to the environment with different calcium concentrations. Methods Potted sand culture was used to study the effects of different calcium concentrations (0, 5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂) and different treatment times (7, 14, 21 and 28 d) on the growth, osmotic regulator content, antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters of Paspalum wettsteinii seedlings. Important findings Results showed that, with the increase of the CaCl₂ concentration and the extension of treatment time, the morphological indexes, biomass, osmotic regulators content, antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters of Paspalum wettsteinii seedlings displayed a similar trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Under the low calcium concentrations (5-50 mmol·L^-1), plant height, leaf length, leaf width, root length and biomass all increased. The contents of proline, soluble protein, soluble sugar and the activities of peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance increased as well, but, malondialdehyde content and intercellular CO₂ concentration decreased. Under the high calcium concentrations (200 mmol·L^-1), the contents of proline, soluble protein, soluble sugar and the activities of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase decreased. Malondialdehyde content and intercellular CO₂ concentration increased as well, but chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased. Combined with the membership function analysis, the treatment of low calcium concentrations (5-50 mmol·L^-1) had no inhibitory effect on the seedlings of Paspalum wettsteinii, indicating that Paspalum wettsteinii had certain tolerance to low calcium salt stress. Under the treatment of high calcium concentration (200 mmol·L^-1), Paspalum wettsteinii seedlings could rapidly regulate the physiological and metabolic functions of plants by increasing the content of organic osmotic regulating substances, enhancing enzyme activity, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis, so as to adapt to high calcium concentration environment.

Key words: Paspalum wettsteinii, calcium concentrations, growth, physiological

ZHAO Xin, WANG Wen-Juan, WANG Pu-Chang, HUANG Li-Juan, ZHAO Li-Li. Effects of different calcium concentrations on growth and physiology of Paspalum wettsteinii seedlings[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2019, 43(10): 909-920.

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Figures/Tables 8

References 47

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渗透调节物质Osmoregulation substance	CaCl₂浓度 CaCl₂concentrations (mmol·L^-1)	时间处理 Time treatment (d)
渗透调节物质Osmoregulation substance	CaCl₂浓度 CaCl₂concentrations (mmol·L^-1)	7	14	21	28
脯氨酸 Proline (μg·g^-1)	0	16.13 ± 0.84^Cc	27.24 ± 0.97^Ac	23.87 ± 0.70^Bc	10.08 ± 1.43^Dc
	5	23.44 ± 1.17^Ca	30.91 ± 0.87^Ab	27.64 ± 0.63^Bb	13.25 ± 0.61^Db
	25	25.04 ± 1.41^Ca	32.82 ± 0.68^Aa	30.91 ± 0.52^Ba	16.97 ± 0.65^Da
	50	20.51 ± 0.95^Cb	24.46 ± 0.67^Ad	22.68 ± 0.62^Bc	12.94 ± 0.74^Db
	100	14.23 ± 0.57^Cd	22.98 ± 0.62^Ae	19.08 ± 0.38^Bd	8.85 ± 0.62^Dd
	200	9.65 ± 0.32^Be	14.66 ± 1.17^Af	15.15 ± 0.32^Ae	7.25 ± 0.68^Bd
可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg·g^-1)	0	10.22 ± 0.70^Bd	14.09 ± 0.41^Ac	10.73 ± 0.43^Bc	6.25 ± 0.36^Cb
	5	11.23 ± 0.50^Bc	15.47 ± 0.31^Ab	13.16 ± 0.73^Ca	7.48 ± 0.23^Db
	25	12.50 ± 0.27^Bb	17.38 ± 0.54^Aa	14.11 ± 0.77^Ba	8.99 ± 0.44^Ca
	50	13.67 ± 0.12^Ba	18.03 ± 0.43^Aa	11.84 ± 0.34^Cb	6.13 ± 0.45^Db
	100	11.56 ± 0.49^Bc	16.25 ± 0.64^Ab	10.17 ± 0.57^Cc	4.93 ± 0.25^Dc
	200	8.05 ± 0.54^Ce	13.54 ± 0.35^Ac	8.96 ± 0.07^Bd	3.75 ± 0.11^Dd
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (mg·g^-1)	0	17.04 ± 1.22^Cd	27.07 ± 1.42^Ad	22.54 ± 0.61^Bc	12.26 ± 1.64^Db
	5	18.60 ± 0.64^Cc	30.27 ± 0.70^Ab	23.68 ± 0.85^Bb	12.36 ± 0.80^Db
	25	21.25 ± 1.21^Cb	32.00 ± 1.47^Aa	25.40 ± 1.50^Ba	14.36 ± 0.95^Da
	50	22.23 ± 0.51^Ba	29.05 ± 1.36^Ac	20.81 ± 1.10^Cd	13.62 ± 0.49^Da
	100	15.82 ± 0.97^Ce	27.23 ± 1.29^Ad	19.09 ± 1.06^Be	10.45 ± 0.43^Dc
	200	13.92 ± 0.87^Cf	26.53 ± 0.80^Ad	19.62 ± 0.44^Be	10.50 ± 1.08^Dc

渗透调节物质Osmoregulation substance	CaCl₂浓度 CaCl₂concentrations (mmol·L^-1)	时间处理 Time treatment (d)
渗透调节物质Osmoregulation substance	CaCl₂浓度 CaCl₂concentrations (mmol·L^-1)	7	14	21	28
脯氨酸 Proline (μg·g^-1)	0	16.13 ± 0.84^Cc	27.24 ± 0.97^Ac	23.87 ± 0.70^Bc	10.08 ± 1.43^Dc
	5	23.44 ± 1.17^Ca	30.91 ± 0.87^Ab	27.64 ± 0.63^Bb	13.25 ± 0.61^Db
	25	25.04 ± 1.41^Ca	32.82 ± 0.68^Aa	30.91 ± 0.52^Ba	16.97 ± 0.65^Da
	50	20.51 ± 0.95^Cb	24.46 ± 0.67^Ad	22.68 ± 0.62^Bc	12.94 ± 0.74^Db
	100	14.23 ± 0.57^Cd	22.98 ± 0.62^Ae	19.08 ± 0.38^Bd	8.85 ± 0.62^Dd
	200	9.65 ± 0.32^Be	14.66 ± 1.17^Af	15.15 ± 0.32^Ae	7.25 ± 0.68^Bd
可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg·g^-1)	0	10.22 ± 0.70^Bd	14.09 ± 0.41^Ac	10.73 ± 0.43^Bc	6.25 ± 0.36^Cb
	5	11.23 ± 0.50^Bc	15.47 ± 0.31^Ab	13.16 ± 0.73^Ca	7.48 ± 0.23^Db
	25	12.50 ± 0.27^Bb	17.38 ± 0.54^Aa	14.11 ± 0.77^Ba	8.99 ± 0.44^Ca
	50	13.67 ± 0.12^Ba	18.03 ± 0.43^Aa	11.84 ± 0.34^Cb	6.13 ± 0.45^Db
	100	11.56 ± 0.49^Bc	16.25 ± 0.64^Ab	10.17 ± 0.57^Cc	4.93 ± 0.25^Dc
	200	8.05 ± 0.54^Ce	13.54 ± 0.35^Ac	8.96 ± 0.07^Bd	3.75 ± 0.11^Dd
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (mg·g^-1)	0	17.04 ± 1.22^Cd	27.07 ± 1.42^Ad	22.54 ± 0.61^Bc	12.26 ± 1.64^Db
	5	18.60 ± 0.64^Cc	30.27 ± 0.70^Ab	23.68 ± 0.85^Bb	12.36 ± 0.80^Db
	25	21.25 ± 1.21^Cb	32.00 ± 1.47^Aa	25.40 ± 1.50^Ba	14.36 ± 0.95^Da
	50	22.23 ± 0.51^Ba	29.05 ± 1.36^Ac	20.81 ± 1.10^Cd	13.62 ± 0.49^Da
	100	15.82 ± 0.97^Ce	27.23 ± 1.29^Ad	19.09 ± 1.06^Be	10.45 ± 0.43^Dc
	200	13.92 ± 0.87^Cf	26.53 ± 0.80^Ad	19.62 ± 0.44^Be	10.50 ± 1.08^Dc

抗氧化酶和丙二醛 Antioxidative enzyme and malondialdehyde	CaCl₂浓度 CaCl₂concentrations (mmol·L^-1)	时间处理 Time treatment (d)
抗氧化酶和丙二醛 Antioxidative enzyme and malondialdehyde	CaCl₂浓度 CaCl₂concentrations (mmol·L^-1)	7	14	21	28
POD (U·g^-1)	0	1 034.32 ± 65.54^Bb	1 135.20 ± 29.29^Ac	827.85 ± 37.30^Cc	667.22 ± 38.99^Db
	5	1 043.20 ± 37.77^Bb	1 240.38 ± 60.69^Ab	967.84 ± 21.11^Bb	825.57 ± 59.04^Ca
	25	1 173.26 ± 21.35^Bb	1 381.73 ± 35.64^Aa	1 111.83 ± 29.74^Ba	883.05 ± 54.03^Ca
	50	1 185.94 ± 52.78^Aa	1 158.08 ± 61.95^Abc	802.64 ± 26.22^Bc	639.95 ± 17.27^Cb
	100	1 048.06 ± 55.63^Ab	998.21 ± 27.68^Ad	661.87 ± 52.83^Bd	458.34 ± 31.80^Cc
	200	890.13 ± 24.29^Ac	726.07 ± 56.01^Be	446.48 ± 63.14^Ce	398.46 ± 13.29^Cc
CAT (U·g^-1)	0	49.58 ± 5.27^Ccd	91.00 ± 4.84^Ac	66.25 ± 2.84^Bc	40.33 ± 2.02^Dc
	5	58.18 ± 3.69^Cb	96.86 ± 3.75^Abc	75.56 ± 3.61^Bb	44.21 ± 0.98^Db
	25	66.18 ± 5.21^Ca	106.90 ± 3.97^Aa	81.33 ± 2.30^Ba	50.22 ± 0.99^Da
	50	53.87 ± 2.95^Cbc	102.75 ± 4.81^Ab	71.13 ± 2.85^Bb	37.60 ± 1.24^Dd
	100	44.38 ± 4.29^Cd	78.95 ± 2.41^Ad	52.96 ± 1.65^Bd	32.82 ± 1.39^De
	200	42.96 ± 3.79^Cd	63.27 ± 2.40^Ae	49.20 ± 2.66^Bd	30.58 ± 2.24^De
SOD (U·g^-1)	0	449.72 ± 15.86^Ce	761.24 ± 19.78^Ac	511.24 ± 1.00^Bd	362.00 ± 4.92^Dc
	5	531.29 ± 17.48^Cc	783.43 ± 7.93^Ab	566.58 ± 10.39^Bb	391.70 ± 1.45^Db
	25	598.90 ± 5.61^Ca	878.34 ± 3.26^Aa	626.77 ± 20.00^Ba	416.30 ± 2.84^Da
	50	566.31 ± 1.98^Bb	797.08 ± 3.70^Ab	545.40 ± 5.00^Cc	387.04 ± 5.43^Db
	100	516.22 ± 1.12^Bc	660.98 ± 10.88^Ad	431.00 ± 10.00^Ce	333.14 ± 3.22^Dd
	200	468.37 ± 2.77^Bd	629.66 ± 13.24^Ae	404.64 ± 4.00^Cf	219.90 ± 9.99^De
MDA (μmol·g^-1)	0	5.29 ± 0.37^Dbc	8.83 ± 0.29^Cab	9.49 ± 0.23^Bbc	12.68 ± 0.20^Abc
	5	5.19 ± 0.17^Dc	8.00 ± 0.62^Cbc	9.04 ± 0.33^Bcd	11.77 ± 0.16^Acd
	25	5.04 ± 0.41^Dc	7.50 ± 0.75^Cc	8.47 ± 0.14^Bd	11.29 ± 0.44^Ad
	50	5.81 ± 0.53^Dbc	8.59 ± 0.30^Cab	10.40 ± 0.56^Bb	13.66 ± 0.35^Ab
	100	6.00 ± 0.41^Dab	8.94 ± 0.63^Cab	11.12 ± 0.75^Ba	15.22 ± 0.46^Aa
	200	6.60 ± 0.45^Da	9.64 ± 0.61^Ca	11.58 ± 0.27^Ba	15.53 ± 0.34^Aa

抗氧化酶和丙二醛 Antioxidative enzyme and malondialdehyde	CaCl₂浓度 CaCl₂concentrations (mmol·L^-1)	时间处理 Time treatment (d)
抗氧化酶和丙二醛 Antioxidative enzyme and malondialdehyde	CaCl₂浓度 CaCl₂concentrations (mmol·L^-1)	7	14	21	28
POD (U·g^-1)	0	1 034.32 ± 65.54^Bb	1 135.20 ± 29.29^Ac	827.85 ± 37.30^Cc	667.22 ± 38.99^Db
	5	1 043.20 ± 37.77^Bb	1 240.38 ± 60.69^Ab	967.84 ± 21.11^Bb	825.57 ± 59.04^Ca
	25	1 173.26 ± 21.35^Bb	1 381.73 ± 35.64^Aa	1 111.83 ± 29.74^Ba	883.05 ± 54.03^Ca
	50	1 185.94 ± 52.78^Aa	1 158.08 ± 61.95^Abc	802.64 ± 26.22^Bc	639.95 ± 17.27^Cb
	100	1 048.06 ± 55.63^Ab	998.21 ± 27.68^Ad	661.87 ± 52.83^Bd	458.34 ± 31.80^Cc
	200	890.13 ± 24.29^Ac	726.07 ± 56.01^Be	446.48 ± 63.14^Ce	398.46 ± 13.29^Cc
CAT (U·g^-1)	0	49.58 ± 5.27^Ccd	91.00 ± 4.84^Ac	66.25 ± 2.84^Bc	40.33 ± 2.02^Dc
	5	58.18 ± 3.69^Cb	96.86 ± 3.75^Abc	75.56 ± 3.61^Bb	44.21 ± 0.98^Db
	25	66.18 ± 5.21^Ca	106.90 ± 3.97^Aa	81.33 ± 2.30^Ba	50.22 ± 0.99^Da
	50	53.87 ± 2.95^Cbc	102.75 ± 4.81^Ab	71.13 ± 2.85^Bb	37.60 ± 1.24^Dd
	100	44.38 ± 4.29^Cd	78.95 ± 2.41^Ad	52.96 ± 1.65^Bd	32.82 ± 1.39^De
	200	42.96 ± 3.79^Cd	63.27 ± 2.40^Ae	49.20 ± 2.66^Bd	30.58 ± 2.24^De
SOD (U·g^-1)	0	449.72 ± 15.86^Ce	761.24 ± 19.78^Ac	511.24 ± 1.00^Bd	362.00 ± 4.92^Dc
	5	531.29 ± 17.48^Cc	783.43 ± 7.93^Ab	566.58 ± 10.39^Bb	391.70 ± 1.45^Db
	25	598.90 ± 5.61^Ca	878.34 ± 3.26^Aa	626.77 ± 20.00^Ba	416.30 ± 2.84^Da
	50	566.31 ± 1.98^Bb	797.08 ± 3.70^Ab	545.40 ± 5.00^Cc	387.04 ± 5.43^Db
	100	516.22 ± 1.12^Bc	660.98 ± 10.88^Ad	431.00 ± 10.00^Ce	333.14 ± 3.22^Dd
	200	468.37 ± 2.77^Bd	629.66 ± 13.24^Ae	404.64 ± 4.00^Cf	219.90 ± 9.99^De
MDA (μmol·g^-1)	0	5.29 ± 0.37^Dbc	8.83 ± 0.29^Cab	9.49 ± 0.23^Bbc	12.68 ± 0.20^Abc
	5	5.19 ± 0.17^Dc	8.00 ± 0.62^Cbc	9.04 ± 0.33^Bcd	11.77 ± 0.16^Acd
	25	5.04 ± 0.41^Dc	7.50 ± 0.75^Cc	8.47 ± 0.14^Bd	11.29 ± 0.44^Ad
	50	5.81 ± 0.53^Dbc	8.59 ± 0.30^Cab	10.40 ± 0.56^Bb	13.66 ± 0.35^Ab
	100	6.00 ± 0.41^Dab	8.94 ± 0.63^Cab	11.12 ± 0.75^Ba	15.22 ± 0.46^Aa
	200	6.60 ± 0.45^Da	9.64 ± 0.61^Ca	11.58 ± 0.27^Ba	15.53 ± 0.34^Aa

叶绿素 Chlorophyll (chl) (mg·g^-1)	CaCl₂浓度 CaCl₂ concentrations (mmol·L^-1)	时间处理 Time treatment (d)
叶绿素 Chlorophyll (chl) (mg·g^-1)	CaCl₂浓度 CaCl₂ concentrations (mmol·L^-1)	7	14	21	28
Chl a (mg·g^-1)	0	3.81 ± 0.34^Aa	4.41 ± 0.19^Aab	3.65 ± 0.32^Aa	2.43 ± 0.06^Aabc
	5	4.38 ± 0.34^ABa	4.57 ± 0.20^Aab	3.75 ± 0.13^ABa	2.74 ± 0.31^Bab
	25	5.23 ± 0.15^Aa	5.00 ± 0.19^Aa	4.34 ± 0.11^Aa	3.20 ± 0.19^Aa
	50	4.08 ± 0.16^Aa	4.03 ± 0.13^Aab	2.89 ± 0.12^ABab	2.47 ± 0.13^Bab
	100	3.46 ± 0.13^Aa	3.33 ± 0.11^Aab	2.48 ± 0.08^Aab	2.20 ± 0.07^Abc
	200	2.26 ± 0.04^Aa	2.06 ± 0.14^Ab	1.94 ± 0.24^Ab	1.72 ± 0.11^Ac
Chl b (mg·g^-1)	0	1.06 ± 0.08^Aab	1.24 ± 0.03^Aa	1.41 ± 0.06^Aab	1.26 ± 0.04^Aa
	5	1.33 ± 0.05^Aa	1.71 ± 0.09^Aa	2.05 ± 0.07^Aa	1.67 ± 0.02^Aa
	25	1.19 ± 0.06^Aa	1.57 ± 0.03^Aa	1.75 ± 0.03^Aab	1.59 ± 0.02^Aa
	50	1.12 ± 0.10^Aab	1.31 ± 0.06^Aa	1.74 ± 0.02^Aab	1.45 ± 0.06^Aa
	100	0.87 ± 0.06^Aab	1.20 ± 0.06^Aa	1.38 ± 0.09^Ab	1.23 ± 0.12^Aa
	200	0.65 ± 0.04^Bb	1.13 ± 0.09^Aa	1.20 ± 0.06^Ab	0.84 ± 0.13^ABa
Chl a+b (mg·g^-1)	0	4.74 ± 0.47^Aabc	5.92 ± 0.15^Aab	6.48 ± 0.24^Aab	5.00 ± 0.30^Aab
	5	5.95 ± 0.09^Aa	7.09 ± 0.08^Aa	7.85 ± 0.31^Aa	6.51 ± 0.17^Aa
	25	5.44 ± 0.17^Aab	6.23 ± 0.37^Aab	7.23 ± 0.17^Aab	5.77 ± 0.32^Aab
	50	4.65 ± 0.17^Aabc	5.55 ± 0.35^Aab	6.19 ± 0.59^Aab	5.04 ± 0.33^Aab
	100	3.69 ± 0.38^Bbc	5.05 ± 0.46^Abc	5.37 ± 0.18^Aab	4.74 ± 0.15^Ab
	200	3.08 ± 0.65^Bc	3.78 ± 0.77^ABc	4.24 ± 0.18^Ab	3.15 ± 0.15^Bc