Main factors driving changes in soil respiration under altering precipitation regimes and the controlling processes

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0208

Abstract

Abstract: Aims Our objective was to determine the effects of changes in global pattern of precipitation on soil respiration and the controlling factors. Methods Data were collected from literature on precipitation manipulation experiments globally and a meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the responses of soil respiration to changes in precipitation regimes. Important findings We found that an increased precipitation stimulated soil respiration while a decreased precipitation suppressed it. When changes in rainfall were normalized to the average treatment level (41% of the current annual precipitation), the level of increases in soil respiration with increased precipitation (49%) were higher than that of decreases with decreased precipitation (21%), showing an asymmetric responses of soil respiration to increases and decreases in precipitation. Soil moisture occurred as the most predominant factor driving the changes in soil respiration under altered precipitation. Changes in soil moisture affected soil respiration directly and indiscreetly by changing aboveground/belowground net primary productivity and microbial biomass carbon, which collectively contributed 98% of variations in soil respiration. In addition, the responses of soil respiration to altered precipitation varied with background temperature and precipitation. The sensitivity of soil respiration increased with local mean annual temperature when precipitation was reduced, while remaining unchanged when precipitation was increased. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of soil respiration to either increases or decreases in precipitation decreased with increasing local mean annual precipitation. Under future altered precipitation regimes, the sensitivity of soil respiration to changes in precipitation is likely dependent of local environment conditions.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201712003

Key words: soil respiration, carbon cycle, meta-analysis, precipitation change

YANG Qing-Xiao, TIAN Da-Shuan, ZENG Hui, NIU Shu-Li. Main factors driving changes in soil respiration under altering precipitation regimes and the controlling processes[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2017, 41(12): 1239-1250.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0208

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2017/V41/I12/1239

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Regressional relationships of soil moisture (A) and soil respiration (B) with percentage changes of precipitation. The filled circles represent increased precipitation, and the open circles represent decreased precipitation. p < 0.01, statistically highly significant; p < 0.05, statistically significant.

Fig. 2 Changes of normalized soil respiration in overall and different ecosystems under increased or decreased precipitation (effect size ± 95% confidence interval). The white bars represent the negative effects of decreased precipitation while the black bars represent the positive effects of increased precipitation. The values beside the bars indicate sample sizes used in meta-analysis.* means statistically significant.

Fig. 3 Regressional relationships of soil respiration with soil moisture (A), aboveground net primary productivity (B), belowground net primary productivity (C), and microbial biomass carbon (D). The filled circles represent increased precipitation, and the open circles represent decreased precipitation. p < 0.01, statistically highly significant; p < 0.05, statistically significant.

Fig. 4 A structural equation model of the effects of soil moisture, aboveground net primary productivity, belowground net primary productivity, and microbial biomass carbon on soil respiration. Gray and black arrows represent significant positive and negative pathways, respectively. Values beside the arrows indicate the standard path coefficients. Arrow width is proportional to the strength of the relationship. R2 values represent the proportion of variance explainable by each variable in the model. ***, p < 0.001; **, p < 0.01; *, p < 0.05. χ2 = 0.49, p = 0.48, comparative fit index (CFI) = 1.00, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.00, Akaike information criteria (AIC) = 38.49.

Fig. 5 Regressional relationships between response ratio of soil respiration and response ratio of soil moisture under increased or decreased precipitation (A, D). Different sensitivities of changes in soil respiration to soil moisture under increased or decreased precipitation in different conditional mean annual temperature (℃; B, E) and mean annual precipitation (mm; C, F). Black line, dash line and gray line represent the regression relationships between response ratio of soil respiration and response ratio of soil moisture under three precipitation or three temperature gradients, respectively. S1, S2, and S3 represent slopes of the three regression lines, respectively. A, B, and C, Increased precipitation treatment. D, E, and F, Decreased precipitation treatments. p < 0.01, statistically highly significant; p < 0.05, statistically significant. RR, response ratio.

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