天津沼泽湿地芦苇叶片的碳稳定同位素比值分布特征及其环境影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0101

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天津芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽具有重要的生态功能。目前天津地区水体咸化、氮污染和水资源短缺问题严重, 显著影响了芦苇湿地的植物生理生态过程。植物稳定碳同位素组成(碳稳定同位素比值(δ¹³C))能够记录与植物生长过程相关联的环境变化信息, 反映植物对环境变化的生理生态适应特性。该研究调查了天津七里海、北大港和大黄堡湿地芦苇叶片的δ¹³C分布特征, 探讨了影响该地区叶片δ¹³C值变化的主要因素。研究表明: 1)天津芦苇湿地植物叶片δ¹³C的变化范围在-26.3‰ - -23.6 ‰之间, 平均值为-25.8‰; 2)芦苇叶片δ¹³C与底泥相对含水量呈显著负相关关系, 与底泥有效氮和全氮含量呈显著正相关关系, 而与底泥盐度和磷含量没有显著相关关系; 水分条件和底泥氮营养状况是影响叶片的δ¹³C值变化的主要因素; 3)淹水条件下, 芦苇叶片δ¹³C与叶片质量氮含量呈显著正相关关系, 与叶碳氮比呈显著负相关关系, 8月份七里海湿地干涸打破了此相关关系。当前环境压力下, 天津沼泽湿地干涸极大地改变了芦苇的氮、水平衡和植物对水、氮资源的利用策略, 而湿地干涸对该过程的影响要高于盐度和氮负荷增加。

关键词: 碳稳定同位素比值, 氮, 盐度, 湿地干涸, 芦苇

Abstract:

Aims Phragmites australis marshes in Tianjin play an important role in ecosystem functioning. Wetlands of Tianjin municipality have been suffering from serious nitrogen loading, salinization and water shortage. The foliar stable carbon isotope ratio (δ¹³C) is a good parameter which records environmental change information associated with the plant growth process, and reflects physiological and ecological responses of plants to environment changes. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of environment stress on the leaf δ¹³C of P. australis in marsh wetlands in Tianjin municipality.Methods This study was conducted in Qilihai, Beidagang, and Dahuangpu marsh wetlands. We investigated the foliar δ¹³C of P. australis and sediment properties, and evaluated the relationships between the foliar δ¹³C and sediment environmental factors. Important findings 1) Foliar δ¹³C ranged from -26.3‰ to -23.6‰, with an average value of -25.8‰. 2) Sediment water and nitrogen status were the important factors affecting reed foliar δ¹³C. Foliar δ¹³C was negatively correlated to sediment relative water content, and positively correlated to sediment total nitrogen and available nitrogen content. In contrast, foliar δ¹³C was not significantly correlated to sediment salinity and phosphorus content. 3) Leaf δ¹³C were significantly positively correlated with leaf nitrogen content, and negatively correlated with leaf carbon and nitrogen ratio across all site. However, these relationships were not detected due to the wetland drainage at Qilihai site in August. Wetland drainage changed the plant water and nitrogen balance, and further affected water and nitrogen utilization strategies of P. australis. Moreover, wetland drainage had stronger effects on these processes than nitrogen loading and salinization.

Key words: stable carbon isotope ratio, nitrogen, salinity, wetland drainage, Phragmites australis

陈清, 王义东, 郭长城, 王中良. 天津沼泽湿地芦苇叶片的碳稳定同位素比值分布特征及其环境影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(11): 1044-1052. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0101

CHEN Qing,WANG Yi-Dong,GUO Chang-Cheng,WANG Zhong-Liang. Foliar stable carbon isotope ratios of Phragmites australis and the relevant environmental factors in marsh wetlands in Tianjin. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(11): 1044-1052. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0101

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0101

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I11/1044

图/表 6

图1 天津湿地自然保护区分布图。

Fig. 1 Distribution of wetland natural reserves in Tianjin.

表1 8月份天津3块沼泽湿地0-25 cm底泥基本性状(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 Sediment basic properties in 0-25 cm soil layers in three marsh wetlands in Tianjin in August (mean ± SE)

	七里海 Qilihai	北大港 Beidagang	大黄堡 Dahuangpu
pH值 pH value	8.79 ± 0.06^a	8.91 ± 0.03^a	8.55 ± 0.04^b
盐度 Salinity (g·kg^-1)	6.36 ± 0.38^a	4.24 ± 0.06^b	2.76 ± 0.17^c
电导率 Electrical conductivity (ms·cm^-1)	2.38 ± 0.14^a	1.59 ± 0.02^b	1.02 ± 0.07^c
相对含水量 Relative soil moisture (%)	69.90 ± 2.25^b	100.00 ± 0.00^a	100.00 ± 0.00^a

表2 天津3块沼泽湿地芦苇叶片碳稳定同位素比值(δ13C)值、碳氮含量和碳氮比(平均值±标准误差)

Table 2 Leaf stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C), leaf C, N content and C and N ratio of Phragmites australis in three marsh wetlands in Tianjin (mean ± SE)

时间 Time	样地 Site	δ¹³C (‰)	碳氮比 C and N ratio	氮含量 N content (%)	碳含量 C content (%)
5月	七里海 Qilihai	-25.26 ± 0.12^b	11.71 ± 0.16^b	3.99 ± 0.05^a	46.73 ± 0.22^a
May	北大港 Beidagang	-26.03 ± 0.13^c	13.44 ± 0.40^a	3.41 ± 0.12^b	45.61 ± 0.26^b
	大黄堡 Dahuangpu	-24.15 ± 0.22^a	11.64 ± 0.37^b	4.05 ± 0.13^a	46.94 ± 0.08^a
8月	七里海 Qilihai	-25.43 ± 0.12^a	23.90 ± 1.06^a	2.00 ± 0.09^b	47.42 ± 0.34^a
August	北大港 Beidagang	-26.17 ± 0.07^c	22.54 ± 0.36^a	2.06 ± 0.04^b	46.43 ± 0.12^b
	大黄堡 Dahuangpu	-25.79 ± 0.12^b	18.17 ± 0.41^b	2.59 ± 0.06^a	47.01 ± 0.18^ab

图2 8月份天津沼泽湿地芦苇叶片碳稳定同位素比值(δ13C)与底泥相对含水量(A)、盐度(B)、有效氮(C)和总氮(D)的相关关系。BDG, 北大港沼泽湿地; DHP, 大黄堡沼泽湿地; QLH, 七里海沼泽湿地。相关分析的统计见表3 (n = 15)。

Fig. 2 Relationships between foliar stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of Phragmites australis and sediment relative water content (A), salinity (B), available N (C) and total N (D) in marsh wetlands in Tianjin in August. BDG, Beidagang marsh wetlands; DHP, Dahuangpu marsh wetlands; QLH, Qilihai marsh wetlands. Correlation results were presented in Table 3 (n = 15).

表3 8月份天津沼泽湿地芦苇叶片碳稳定同位素比值(δ13C)与底泥各环境因子的简单相关分析以及偏相关分析

Table 3 Simple and partial correlation analyses of foliar stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of Phragmites australis and sediment characters in marsh wetlands in Tianjin in August

		相对含水量 Relative soil moisture	盐度 Salinity	有效氮 Available N	总氮 Total N	速效磷 Available P	总磷 Total P
简单相关分析	r	-0.719^**	0.501	0.798^***	0.745^***	0.655^**	0.643^**
Simple correlation	Sig.	0.003	0.057	0.000	0.001	0.008	0.010
偏相关分析	r	-0.599^*	-0.507	0.646^*	0.626^*	0.264	0.118
Partial correlation	Sig.	0.030	0.077	0.017	0.022	0.383	0.700

图3 天津芦苇湿地芦苇叶片碳稳定同位素比值(δ13C)与叶片氮含量和叶碳氮比的相关关系。BDG, 北大港沼泽湿地; DHP, 大黄堡沼泽湿地; QLH, 七里海沼泽湿地。实心和空心标识符分别代表5月份和8月份的数据点。A, 叶片δ13C与叶氮含量的相关关系: 5月份, R2 = 0.379, p = 0.009; 8月份去掉七里海数据点, R2 = 0.628, p = 0.002。B, 叶片δ13C与叶碳氮比的相关关系: 5月份, R2 = 0.329, p = 0.015; 8月份, 去掉七里海数据点, R2 = 0.611, p = 0.003。

Fig. 3 Relationships between leaf stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) and leaf N content, leaf C and N ratio of Phragmites australis in marsh wetlands in Tianjin. BDG, Beidagang marsh wetlands; DHP, Dahuangpu marsh wetlands; QLH, Qilihai marsh wetlands. The solid symbols indicated data points from May, and the hollow ones indicated data points from August. A, the relationship between leaf δ13C and N content, May: R2 = 0.379, p = 0.009; August: after removing the data points at QLH, then R2 = 0.628, p = 0.002. B, the relationship between leaf δ13C and C and N ratio, May: R2 = 0.329, p = 0.015; August: after removing the data points at QLH, then R2 = 0.611, p = 0.003.

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