青海湖北岸高寒草甸草原生态系统CO2通量特征及其驱动因子

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00187

植物生态学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 187-198.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00187

所属专题：青藏高原植物生态学：生态系统生态学；碳水能量通量

青海湖北岸高寒草甸草原生态系统CO₂通量特征及其驱动因子

张法伟¹^,⁵, 李英年¹^,⁵^,^*(), 曹广民¹^,⁵, 李凤霞², 叶广继³, 刘吉宏⁴, 魏永林⁴, 赵新全¹^,⁵

¹中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810001
²青海省气象科学研究所, 西宁 810001
³青海省农林科学院生物技术研究所, 西宁 810016
⁴青海省海北牧业气象试验站, 青海海北 810200
⁵中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室, 西宁 810001

收稿日期:2011-10-25 接受日期:2012-01-12 出版日期:2012-10-25 发布日期:2012-02-28
通讯作者: 李英年
作者简介:* E-mail: ynli@nwipb.cas.cn

CO₂ fluxes and their driving factors over alpine meadow grassland ecosystems in the northern shore of Qinghai Lake, China

ZHANG Fa-Wei¹^,⁵, LI Ying-Nian¹^,⁵^,^*(), CAO Guang-Min¹^,⁵, LI Feng-Xia², YE Guang-Ji³, LIU Ji-Hong⁴, WEI Yong-Lin⁴, ZHAO Xin-Quan¹^,⁵

¹Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
²Institute of Qinghai Meteorological Science Research, Xining 810001, China
³Institute of Biotechnology of Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Xining 810016, China
⁴Haibei Animal Husbandry Meteorological Experimental Station of Qinghai Province, Haibei, Qinghai 810200, China
⁵Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China

Received:2011-10-25 Accepted:2012-01-12 Online:2012-10-25 Published:2012-02-28
Contact: LI Ying-Nian

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草甸草原是青藏高原的重要植被类型, 与其他植被类型相比, 其碳交换过程和驱动机理的研究仍较薄弱。利用青海湖东北岸草甸草原的涡度相关系统观测的连续数据(2010年7月1日-2011年6月30日), 分析了草甸草原CO₂通量特征及其驱动因子。结果表明: 草甸草原净生态系统CO₂交换量(NEE)在植物生长季的5-9月, 其日变化主要受控于光合光量子通量密度(PPFD); 而非生长季(10月21日-4月19日)和生长季初(4月下旬)、末期(10月中上旬) NEE的日变化主要受气温(T_a)的影响。CO₂日最大吸收值和释放值分别出现在7月1日(11.37 g CO₂∙m^-2∙d^-1)和10月21日(4.04 g CO₂∙m^-2∙d^-1)。逐日NEE主要受控于T_a, 两者关系可用指数线性(explinear)方程表示(R²= 0.54, p < 0.01)。叶面积指数(LAI)和增强型植被指数(EVI)对逐日NEE的影响表现为渐近饱和型, LAI和T_a交互作用明显(p < 0.05), EVI的主效应强烈(p < 0.001)。生态系统的呼吸熵(Q₁₀)为2.42, 总呼吸(R_eco)约占总初级生产力(GPP)的74%。生长季适度的昼夜温差(<14.8 ℃)有利于系统的碳蓄积。研究时段该草甸草原作为碳汇从大气吸收271.31 g CO₂∙ m ^-2。

Abstract:

Aims Meadow grassland is a dominant vegetation type on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, but its mechanisms controlling the exchange of CO₂ across a spectrum of time scales and carbon budget remain unclear. Our objective was to investigate the main drivers of ecosystem carbon dynamics and understand the potential response to future climate warming.
Methods We used the eddy covariance method for continuously measuring net ecosystem CO₂exchange (NEE) and environmental factors over meadow grassland on the northern shore of Qinghai Lake from July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011.
Important findings Diurnal changes of NEE were controlled by photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) during the middle growing season (May to September), and air temperature (T_a) was the determining factor on diurnal NEE during other periods. The maximum daily CO₂uptake and release rate were 11.37 g CO₂∙m^-2∙d^-1 on July 1 and 4.04 g CO₂∙m^-2∙d^-1 on October 21, respectively. T_a was the primary environmental factor related to daily NEE, and the correlation was described by an exponential-linear equation (R ²= 0.54, p < 0.01). A significant asymptotical response of daily NEE with increasing leaf area index (LAI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) was observed. The interaction effect of LAI and T_a was significant (p < 0.05), while main effect of EVI versus T_a was more important (p < 0.001). Respiration quotient (Q₁₀) was 2.42 and ecosystem total respiration (R_eco) consumed 74% of gross primary production (GPP). The proper magnitude of diurnal temperature range (<14.8 ℃) could be propitious to ecosystem carbon sequestration. The meadow grassland acted as carbon sink and absorbed 271.31 g CO₂∙m ^-2from the atmosphere during the study period.

Key words: diurnal temperature range, eddy covariance technique, net ecosystem CO₂ exchange, vegetation indexes, respiration quotient

张法伟, 李英年, 曹广民, 李凤霞, 叶广继, 刘吉宏, 魏永林, 赵新全. 青海湖北岸高寒草甸草原生态系统CO₂通量特征及其驱动因子. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(3): 187-198. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00187

ZHANG Fa-Wei, LI Ying-Nian, CAO Guang-Min, LI Feng-Xia, YE Guang-Ji, LIU Ji-Hong, WEI Yong-Lin, ZHAO Xin-Quan. CO₂ fluxes and their driving factors over alpine meadow grassland ecosystems in the northern shore of Qinghai Lake, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(3): 187-198. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00187

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00187

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I3/187

图/表 5

图1 空气温度(Ta)、饱和水汽压差(VPD) (A)、光合光量子通量密度(PPFD)、5 cm深处的土壤温度(Ts) (B)、降水量和叶面积指数(LAI)、增强型植被指数(EVI) (C)的季节变化。

Fig. 1 Seasonal variations of air temperature (Ta), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (A), photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), soil temperature at 5 cm depth (Ts) (B), precipitation, leaf area index (LAI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) (C).

图2 草甸草原生态系统CO2通量植被生长季(A)和非生长季(B)日变化。

Fig. 2 Diurnal changes of CO2 fluxes during vegetation growing season (A) and no-growing season (B) over the meadow grassland ecosystem.

图3 草甸草原净生态系统CO2交换量(NEE)、生态系统总呼吸(Reco)和生态系统总初级生产力(GPP)的季节变化特征(A)及其与气温(Ta)的关系(B)。

Fig. 3 Seasonal variations of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), ecosystem total respiration (Reco), ecosystem gross primary production (GPP) (A) and their correlation with air temperature (Ta) (B) over the meadow grassland.

图4 草甸草原净生态系统CO2交换量(NEE)与叶面积指数(LAI, A)和增强型植被指数(EVI, B)的关系以及气温(Ta, C)对NEE的相对贡献。NEE/LAI和NEE/EVI分别代表LAI和EVI归一化的NEE。

Fig. 4 Relationships between net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and Leaf area index (LAI, A), enhanced vegetation index (EVI, B) and the relative contribution of air temperature (Ta, C) to NEE. NEE/LAI and NEE/EVI represented NEE normalized with LAI and EVI, respectively.

图5 草甸草原非生长季(A)与生长季(B)昼夜温差(Td)、生长季饱和水汽压差(VPD, C)和生长季周降水量(D)与净生态系统CO2交换量的关系。

Fig. 5 Correlation between net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and diurnal temperature range (Td) of non-growing season (A) and growing season (B), growing season vapor pressure deficit (VPD, C) and growing season weekly precipitation (D).

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青海湖北岸高寒草甸草原生态系统CO₂通量特征及其驱动因子

CO₂ fluxes and their driving factors over alpine meadow grassland ecosystems in the northern shore of Qinghai Lake, China

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