Effects of elevated CO2 concentration and nitrogen addition on soil carbon stability in southern subtropical experimental forest ecosystems

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00099

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The influence of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration and nitrogen (N) addition on soil carbon pool is one of the foci among international ecological research communities. The changes of soil carbon pool induced by atmospheric CO₂ concentration and/or N deposition will lead to changes in atmospheric carbon pool and thus the global climate change. However, few studies have been carried out in the subtropical China. Our objective was to understand the effect of elevated CO₂ concentration and N addition on soil carbon stability in south subtropical experimental forests.
Methods Experimental forest ecosystems were constructed in open top chambers. Six native tree species in southern China were planted in these experimental forest ecosystems. The species were exposed to elevated CO₂ and N addition in the open top chambers beginning in May 2005. The four treatments were: elevated CO₂ and high N addition (CN), elevated CO₂ and ambient N deposition (CC), high N addition and ambient CO₂ (NN), and ambient CO₂ and ambient N deposition (CK). The elevated CO₂ was (700 ± 20) µmol·mol^-1. The total amount of added NH₄NO₃-N was 100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1. In January 2010, soil samples were collected from the open top chambers and then relevant variables were measured.
Important findings Elevated CO₂ concentration and N addition (CN) effectively increased the soil total organic carbon in different soil layers, among which the increases in the lower soil layers (5-60 cm) were statistically significant. Different components of the active organic carbon pool differed in the responses to treatments. The differences in microbial biomass carbon were significant in the 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers among the treatments, and the readily oxidized carbon showed significant responses to the elevated CO₂ concentration and N addition treatments in the 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers, while there was no significant difference in the dissolved organic carbon among different treatments in all the soil layers. The responses of carbon in different aggregate fractions differed among the treatments. The carbon in the 250-2000 μm aggregates was significantly different among treatments in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers. The carbon in the 53-250 μm aggregates was susceptible to treatments in the 40-60 cm soil layer as both the CC and NN treatments facilitated the chronic carbon accumulation in deeper soil layers, especially under the CN treatment. Carbon in the <53 μm fraction showed significant differences among treatments in deeper soil layers (10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm). In conclusion, elevated CO₂ concentration and N addition increased soil organic carbon in the experimental forest ecosystems, and facilitated the accumulation of carbon in micro-aggregates and silt-clay fraction in deep soil layers, thus strengthened the stability of soil organic carbon pool.

Key words: elevated CO₂concentration, N addition, soil carbon stability, soil particle size

LONG Feng-Ling, LI Yi-Yong, FANG Xiong, HUANG Wen-Juan, LIU Shuang-E, LIU Ju-Xiu. Effects of elevated CO₂ concentration and nitrogen addition on soil carbon stability in southern subtropical experimental forest ecosystems[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(10): 1053-1063.

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Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 Physical and chemical parameter analysis of the tested soils

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	pH	K	Na	Ca	Mg	P	有机碳 Organic C	N	有效磷 Available P
0-20	4.15 (0.15)	6.30 (0.73)	0.64 (0.19)	1.03 (0.22)	1.03 (0.13)	0.30 (0.09)	16.33 (3.42)	0.52 (0.15)	2.13 (0.93)
20-40	4.27 (0.15)	5.03 (1.11)	0.63 (0.49)	0.57 (0.27)	0.84 (0.22)	0.18 (0.19)	7.78 (0.91)	0.36 (0.05)	0.42 (0.21)

Fig. 1 Changes of soil total organic carbon content in different soil layers under different treatments (mean ± SD). Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments in each soil layer (LSD’s multiple range test; p < 0.05). CC, elevated CO2 and ambient N deposition; CK, ambient CO2 and ambient N deposition; CN, elevated CO2 and high N addition; NN, high N addition and ambient CO2.

Fig. 2 Changes of microbial biomass carbon content in different soil layers under different treatments (mean ± SD). Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments in each soil layer (LSD’s multiple range test; p < 0.05). CC, elevated CO2 and ambient N deposition; CK, ambient CO2 and ambient N deposition; CN, elevated CO2 and high N addition; NN, high N addition and ambient CO2.

Fig. 3 Changes of readily oxidized organic carbon content in different soil layers under different treatments (mean ± SD). Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments in each soil layer (LSD’s multiple range test; p < 0.05). CC, elevated CO2 and ambient N deposition; CK, ambient CO2 and ambient N deposition; CN, elevated CO2 and high N addition; NN, high N addition and ambient CO2.

Fig. 4 Changes of dissolved organic carbon content in different soil layers under different treatments (mean ± SD). Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments in each soil layer (LSD’s multiple range test; p < 0.05). CC, elevated CO2 and ambient N deposition; CK, ambient CO2 and ambient N deposition; CN, elevated CO2 and high N addition; NN, high N addition and ambient CO2.

Fig. 5 Changes of the organic carbon content in the 250- 2000 μm aggregates in different soil layers under different treatments (mean ± SD). Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments in each soil layer (LSD’s multiple range test; p < 0.05). CC, elevated CO2 and ambient N deposition; CK, ambient CO2 and ambient N deposition; CN, elevated CO2 and high N addition; NN, high N addition and ambient CO2.

Fig. 6 Changes of the organic carbon content involved in the 53-250 μm aggregates in different soil layers under different treatments (mean ± SD). Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments in each soil layer (LSD’s multiple range test; p < 0.05). CC, elevated CO2 and ambient N deposition; CK, ambient CO2 and ambient N deposition; CN, elevated CO2 and high N addition; NN, high N addition and ambient CO2.

Fig. 7 Changes of the organic carbon involved in the <53 μm aggregates in different soil layers under different treatments (mean ± SD). Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments in each soil layer (LSD’s multiple range test; p < 0.05). CC, elevated CO2 and ambient N deposition; CK, ambient CO2 and ambient N deposition; CN, elevated CO2 and high N addition; NN, high N addition and ambient CO2.

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Effects of elevated CO₂ concentration and nitrogen addition on soil carbon stability in southern subtropical experimental forest ecosystems

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