Effects of soil bacteria and fungi on growth of invasive plant Triadica sebifera with different provenances under nitrogen addition

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0120

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Exotic plants invasions impact both function and stability of ecosystems. Compared with native plants, invasive plants are generally characterized by stronger stress resistance and resource utilization abilities. Nitrogen deposition, as an important issue of global change, can directly increase soil nitrogen availability and promote plant invasions. Soil microorganisms, including both fungi and bacteria, play an important role in regulating soil nutrient availability and nutrient uptake, both of which are highly associated with successful invasion of plants. However, the effects of soil fungi and bacteria on the growth of invasive plants from different origins under nitrogen deposition background remain unclear.

Methods To understand the effects of soil fungi and bacteria on the growth of invasive plants from different provenances with nitrogen addition, both original and invasive Triadica sebifera were chosen as model plant populations. Soil bacterial inhibitor (streptomycin) and fungal inhibitor (iprodione) were applied to regulate the activity of soil bacteria and fungi communities. Nitrogen deposition was simulated by nitrogen addition treatment to understand the growth response of T. sebifera with different population origins as affected by different soil microbial communities under the context of nitrogen deposition.

Important findings The results showed that, invasive provenance of T. sebifera presented substantial growth advantage in terms of plant height, leaf number and biomass compare with that of native provenance. Soil bacterial and fungal inhibitor applications significantly reduced aboveground biomass of T. sebifera. Moreover, the growth of T. sebifera is more dependent on soil bacteria. Nitrogen addition and its interaction with soil bacteria and fungi significantly affected both the growth and resource allocation of T. sebifera, which could have enhanced the competitive ability of T. sebifera for resources during range invasion process, and should be focused in future studies.

Key words: nitrogen addition, bacteria, fungi, plant invasion

LUO Lai-Cong, LAI Xiao-Qin, BAI Jian, LI Ai-Xin, FANG Hai-Fu, Nasir SHAD, TANG Ming, HU Dong-Nan, ZHANG Ling. Effects of soil bacteria and fungi on growth of invasive plant Triadica sebifera with different provenances under nitrogen addition[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(2): 206-215.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0120

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2023/V47/I2/206

Figures/Tables 10

References 36

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种源 Origin	种群 Population	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude
中国 China	江西 Jiangxi	117.12° E	28.45° N
	江苏 Jiangsu	118.37° E	31.23° N
	浙江 Zhejiang	118.20° E	27.12° N
	广西 Guangxi	110.45° E	24.80° N
美国 USA	Georgia	81.01° W	32.01° N
	Texas	95.03° W	29.78° N
	Louisiana	93.15° W	30.23° N
	Florida	82.22° W	29.35° N

种源 Origin	种群 Population	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude
中国 China	江西 Jiangxi	117.12° E	28.45° N
	江苏 Jiangsu	118.37° E	31.23° N
	浙江 Zhejiang	118.20° E	27.12° N
	广西 Guangxi	110.45° E	24.80° N
美国 USA	Georgia	81.01° W	32.01° N
	Texas	95.03° W	29.78° N
	Louisiana	93.15° W	30.23° N
	Florida	82.22° W	29.35° N

处理 Treatment	自由度 df	株高 Plant height		叶片数 Leaf number		叶面积 Leaf area		比叶面积 Specific leaf area		叶面积比 Leaf area ratio
处理 Treatment	自由度 df	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
O	1	20.87	<0.000 1	7.55	<0.000 1	11.29	<0.000 1	16.20	<0.000 1	25.67	<0.000 1
P	6	15.54	<0.000 1	3.07	<0.000 1	2.66	0.016 9	2.24	0.041 3	4.11	<0.000 1
N	1	0.73	0.384 8	3.94	0.048 6	1.22	0.270 5	3.65	0.057 6	0.31	0.577 2
B	1	3.02	0.084 0	0.00	0.995 6	0.84	0.360 1	0.03	0.871 6	0.00	0.991 9
F	1	0.00	0.974 1	0.49	0.483 5	0.55	0.460 4	0.05	0.828 1	0.94	0.332 9
O × N	1	0.78	0.379 1	0.01	0.942 8	0.65	0.422 6	0.97	0.325 1	0.67	0.413 5
O × B	1	0.99	0.320 8	0.09	0.761 4	0.16	0.686 1	0.43	0.510 5	0.26	0.609 7
O × F	1	0.09	0.763 5	0.09	0.769 8	0.07	0.788 3	1.10	0.295 4	0.08	0.772 3
N × B	1	0.09	0.765 8	0.01	0.916 5	3.13	0.078 7	0.21	0.648 3	0.76	0.383 8
N × F	1	0.12	0.727 2	0.28	0.600 0	0.28	0.595 1	0.04	0.843 3	0.04	0.839 6
B × F	1	1.03	0.310 7	2.15	0.144 6	0.54	0.464 2	2.86	0.092 7	1.17	0.280 6
O × N × B	1	1.66	0.198 9	0.40	0.525 7	0.87	0.351 5	0.01	0.942 8	0.30	0.587 0
O × N × F	1	0.19	0.666 0	0.06	0.803 8	0.12	0.726 3	0.00	0.951 0	0.15	0.703 6
O × B × F	1	0.63	0.428 1	2.15	0.144 6	0.08	0.784 4	1.40	0.237 9	1.03	0.311 1
N × B × F	1	2.92	0.089 0	0.43	0.511 4	0.02	0.890 3	2.78	0.097 4	3.15	0.077 7
O × N × B × F	1	0.39	0.534 1	0.32	0.569 7	0.01	0.907 2	0.29	0.589 5	0.53	0.467 8

处理 Treatment	自由度 df	株高 Plant height		叶片数 Leaf number		叶面积 Leaf area		比叶面积 Specific leaf area		叶面积比 Leaf area ratio
处理 Treatment	自由度 df	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
O	1	20.87	<0.000 1	7.55	<0.000 1	11.29	<0.000 1	16.20	<0.000 1	25.67	<0.000 1
P	6	15.54	<0.000 1	3.07	<0.000 1	2.66	0.016 9	2.24	0.041 3	4.11	<0.000 1
N	1	0.73	0.384 8	3.94	0.048 6	1.22	0.270 5	3.65	0.057 6	0.31	0.577 2
B	1	3.02	0.084 0	0.00	0.995 6	0.84	0.360 1	0.03	0.871 6	0.00	0.991 9
F	1	0.00	0.974 1	0.49	0.483 5	0.55	0.460 4	0.05	0.828 1	0.94	0.332 9
O × N	1	0.78	0.379 1	0.01	0.942 8	0.65	0.422 6	0.97	0.325 1	0.67	0.413 5
O × B	1	0.99	0.320 8	0.09	0.761 4	0.16	0.686 1	0.43	0.510 5	0.26	0.609 7
O × F	1	0.09	0.763 5	0.09	0.769 8	0.07	0.788 3	1.10	0.295 4	0.08	0.772 3
N × B	1	0.09	0.765 8	0.01	0.916 5	3.13	0.078 7	0.21	0.648 3	0.76	0.383 8
N × F	1	0.12	0.727 2	0.28	0.600 0	0.28	0.595 1	0.04	0.843 3	0.04	0.839 6
B × F	1	1.03	0.310 7	2.15	0.144 6	0.54	0.464 2	2.86	0.092 7	1.17	0.280 6
O × N × B	1	1.66	0.198 9	0.40	0.525 7	0.87	0.351 5	0.01	0.942 8	0.30	0.587 0
O × N × F	1	0.19	0.666 0	0.06	0.803 8	0.12	0.726 3	0.00	0.951 0	0.15	0.703 6
O × B × F	1	0.63	0.428 1	2.15	0.144 6	0.08	0.784 4	1.40	0.237 9	1.03	0.311 1
N × B × F	1	2.92	0.089 0	0.43	0.511 4	0.02	0.890 3	2.78	0.097 4	3.15	0.077 7
O × N × B × F	1	0.39	0.534 1	0.32	0.569 7	0.01	0.907 2	0.29	0.589 5	0.53	0.467 8

处理 Treatment	自由度 df	叶生物量 Leaf biomass		茎生物量 Stem biomass		根生物量 Root biomass		地上生物量 Aboveground biomass		总生物量 Total biomass		根冠比 Root shoot ratio
处理 Treatment	自由度 df	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
O	1	5.31	0.022 3	17.09	<0.000 1	17.70	<0.000 1	13.80	<0.000 1	17.25	<0.000 1	1.37	0.244 0
P	6	7.61	<0.000 1	15.32	<0.000 1	10.33	<0.000 1	13.61	<0.000 1	12.38	<0.000 1	9.08	<0.000 1
N	1	8.21	0.004 6	0.69	0.406 6	13.40	0.000 3	2.77	0.097 6	0.49	0.486 5	57.08	<0.000 1
B	1	1.49	0.224 5	3.02	0.084 0	1.38	0.242 0	2.74	0.099 3	2.34	0.128 2	0.08	0.783 4
F	1	1.95	0.164 5	0.10	0.757 7	0.51	0.475 6	0.10	0.748 4	0.02	0.890 0	1.41	0.236 1
O × N	1	0.40	0.530 3	1.03	0.310 9	1.41	0.236 0	0.88	0.350 1	0.00	0.992 5	4.97	0.027 0
O × B	1	0.71	0.400 2	0.68	0.410 6	4.81	0.029 5	0.79	0.375 9	2.37	0.125 2	3.71	0.055 7
O × F	1	0.98	0.323 5	0.01	0.939 1	0.00	0.985 0	0.19	0.667 2	0.07	0.791 2	0.77	0.381 2
N × B	1	0.07	0.785 6	0.40	0.526 3	0.16	0.685 9	0.11	0.740 9	0.15	0.701 3	0.12	0.728 7
N × F	1	0.09	0.762 3	1.66	0.198 8	0.53	0.467 2	1.00	0.318 7	0.87	0.352 8	0.25	0.616 8
B × F	1	6.52	0.011 5	2.37	0.125 2	1.23	0.269 0	4.13	0.043 7	2.96	0.086 9	0.57	0.452 3
O × N × B	1	0.00	0.994 6	0.49	0.486 5	1.49	0.223 5	0.23	0.631 4	0.72	0.396 6	1.90	0.169 7
O × N × F	1	0.32	0.569 5	1.04	0.310 3	2.99	0.085 6	0.84	0.361 3	1.80	0.181 2	0.99	0.321 1
O × B × F	1	0.31	0.577 3	1.19	0.276 0	1.63	0.202 9	0.93	0.337 1	1.35	0.246 5	0.02	0.901 3
N × B × F	1	0.18	0.670 6	1.67	0.198 3	4.45	0.036 2	1.10	0.296 1	2.55	0.111 8	0.61	0.434 3
O × N × B × F	1	0.09	0.760 2	0.57	0.452 7	1.47	0.227 3	0.16	0.690 2	0.63	0.426 7	1.13	0.288 2