植物生态学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 470-475.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0058

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

半干旱黄土丘陵区垄沟集雨对紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤水分和产草量的影响

贾宇1, 徐炳成1,2, 王晓凌1,3, 孙国均1, 徐进章1, 李凤民1,2,*()   

  1. 1 兰州大学生命科学学院干旱与草地生态教育部重点实验室,兰州 730000
    2 中国科学院-水利部水土保持研究所土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100
    3 河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳 471003
  • 收稿日期:2005-10-09 接受日期:2006-01-23 出版日期:2007-10-09 发布日期:2007-05-30
  • 通讯作者: 李凤民
  • 作者简介:* E-mail: fmli@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    教育部科技创新工程重大项目培育资金项目;中国科学院百人计划项目和李嘉诚基金会西部项目

EFFECT OF RIDGE AND FURROW MICRO-CATCHMENT ON SOIL WATER IN SEEDED MEDICAGO SATIVA GRASSLAND IN THE SEMIARID LOESS HILL AND GULLY REGION OF NORTHWESTERN CHINA

JIA Yu1, XU Bing-Cheng1,2, WANG Xiao-Ling1,3, SUN Guo-Jun1, XU Jin-Zhang1, LI Feng-Min1,2,*()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
    2State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
    3Agronomy College, Henan University of Sciences and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
  • Received:2005-10-09 Accepted:2006-01-23 Online:2007-10-09 Published:2007-05-30
  • Contact: LI Feng-Min

摘要:

研究了黄土丘陵区垄沟集雨技术对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)人工草地生产力以及土壤水分的影响。垄和沟的宽度均为30或60 cm,且垄上覆膜的处理水分利用效率分别比平作对照显著提高了13%和41%。垄和沟的宽度均为30 cm且垄上覆膜的处理4年的干草产量和平作对照无显著差异,而垄和沟的宽度均为60 cm,且垄上覆膜的处理干草产量比平作对照显著提高了41%,并且使紫花苜蓿草地产草高峰期提早了1~2年。垄和沟的宽度均为30或60 cm,且垄面裸露的两个处理产草量比平作对照有不同程度的降低。紫花苜蓿草地生长的第三年,深度为150 cm左右的土层是降水补充和水分消耗的平衡点。所有处理在紫花苜蓿生长4年后,200~500 cm 深度的土壤水分已经接近萎蔫系数。

关键词: 黄土丘陵区, 集雨技术, 紫花苜蓿, 土壤水分

Abstract:

Aims The semiarid loess hill and gully region of northwestern China is a pasture and agriculture transitional zone lacking water resources for irrigation. The agroecosystem in this region is very vulnerable. An effective method to improve the ecosystem is to combine agriculture with animal husbandry, in which productive grassland plays a key role. However, water is the main limitation on grassland production in this region. We studied the effect of alternating ridges and furrows (for harvesting rainfall) on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) forage yield and soil water.
Methods Five treatments were compared: 1) conventional cultivation in a flat plot without mulch (CK), 2) plastic mulched ridges with 30 cm wide ridges and furrows (M30), 3) plastic mulched ridges with 60 cm wide ridges and furrows (M60), 4) bare ridges with 30 cm wide ridges and furrows (B30), and 5) bare ridges with 60 cm wide ridges and furrows (B60). We measured soil water consumption, forage yield of alfalfa and soil water profile in all treatments.
Important findings The water use efficiency of M30 and M60 treatments was greater than that of CK by 13% and 41%, respectively. The total forage yield of alfalfa of M30 in four years was not significantly different from that of CK, but the total forage yield of M60 was significantly higher than that of CK by 41%. In both bare treatments, the total forage yield of alfalfa was lower than in CK. In the 3rd alfalfa growing season, the 150 cm soil layer was the balance point of water supplement and soil water consumption. Below 150 cm, soil water can not be supplied by rainfall. Water at 200-500 cm soil depth was close to the permanent wilting point after four years. This study indicates that the M60 treatment is the optimum model for alfalfa establishment in this region. However, after the alfalfa phase, the shallow-root crop must be planted to restore soil water content for subsequent conventional crops.

Key words: loess hill and gully region, rainwater-harvesting technology, Medicago sativa, soil water