浙江省森林生态系统碳储量及其分布特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0193

植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 354-363.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0193

所属专题：凋落物；碳储量

浙江省森林生态系统碳储量及其分布特征

李银^1,², 陈国科¹, 林敦梅³, 陈彬⁴, 高雷明¹, 简兴⁵, 杨波⁶, 徐武兵^1,², 苏宏新¹, 赖江山¹, 王希华⁷, 杨海波⁷, 马克平^1,^*()

¹中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400044
⁴上海辰山植物园, 上海 200062
⁵安徽科技学院城建与环境学院, 安徽蚌埠 233300
⁶景德镇学院, 江西景德镇 333000
⁷华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海 200062

收稿日期:2015-06-02 接受日期:2015-11-27 出版日期:2016-04-29 发布日期:2016-04-30
通讯作者: 马克平
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA- 05050204)

Carbon storage and its distribution of forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province, China

Yin LI^1,², Guo-Ke CHEN¹, Dun-Mei LIN³, Bin CHEN⁴, Lei-Ming GAO¹, Xing JIAN⁵, Bo YANG⁶, Wu-Bing XU^1,², Hong-Xin SU¹, Jiang-Shan LAI¹, Xi-Hua WANG⁷, Hai-Bo YANG⁷, Ke-Ping MA^1,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

³Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Reservior Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

⁴Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 200062, China

⁵College of Urban Construction and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, Anhui 233300, China

⁶Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi 333000, China
and
⁷School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

Received:2015-06-02 Accepted:2015-11-27 Online:2016-04-29 Published:2016-04-30
Contact: Ke-Ping MA

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2011-2012年野外标准地实测资料, 结合第八次全国森林资源清查资料, 研究了浙江省森林生态系统碳储量及其分布特征。结果表明: 浙江省森林生态系统碳储量为602.73 Tg, 其中乔木层、灌草层、凋落物层和土壤层碳储量分别为122.88 Tg、16.73 Tg、11.36 Tg和451.76 Tg, 分别占生态系统碳储量的20.39%、2.78%、1.88%和74.95%; 在各森林类型中, 阔叶混交林碳储量为138.03 Tg, 所占比例最大(22.90%); 在森林各龄组中, 幼、中龄林约占浙江省森林生态系统碳储量的70.66%, 是碳储量的主要贡献者。浙江省森林生态系统平均碳密度为120.80 t·hm^-2, 乔木层、灌草层、凋落物层和土壤层碳密度分别为24.65 t·hm^-2、3.36 t·hm^-2、2.28 t·hm^-2和90.51 t·hm^-2。浙江省森林生态系统土壤层碳储量和生态系统碳储量呈极显著相关关系, 说明土壤层碳储量对浙江省森林生态系统碳储量贡献较大。浙江省天然林乔木层碳密度整体表现为过熟林>成熟林>近熟林>中龄林>幼龄林, 而人工林乔木层碳密度表现为过熟林>近熟林>成熟林>中龄林>幼龄林。浙江省幼、中龄林林分面积占比重较大, 占全省森林面积的76.76%, 若对现有森林进行更好的经营和管理, 可以增加浙江省森林的碳固存能力。

关键词: 森林生态系统, 碳储量, 碳密度, 空间分布, 浙江省

Abstract:

Aims
The concentration of CO₂ and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has considerably increased over last century and is set to rise further. Forest ecosystems play a key role in reducing CO₂concentration in the atmosphere and mitigating global climate change. Our objective is to understand carbon storage and its distribution in forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province, China.
Methods
By using the 8th forest resource inventory data and 2011-2012 field investigation data, we estimated carbon storage, density and its distribution in forest ecosystems of Zhejiang Province.
Important findings
The carbon storage of forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province was 602.73 Tg, of which 122.88 Tg in tree layer, 16.73 Tg in shrub-herb layer, 11.36 Tg in litter layer and 451.76 Tg in soil layer accounting for 20.39%, 2.78%, 1.88% and 74.95% of the total carbon storage, respectively. The carbon storage of mixed broadleaved forests was 138.03 Tg which ranked the largest (22.90%) among all forest types. The young and middle aged forests which accounted for 70.66% of the total carbon storage were the main body of carbon storage in Zhejiang Province. The carbon density of forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province was 120.80 t·hm^-2 and that in tree layer, shrub-herb layer, litter layer and soil layer were 24.65 t·hm^-2, 3.36 t·hm^-2, 2.28 t·hm^-2 and 90.51 t·hm^-2, respectively. The significant relationship between soil organic carbon storage and forest ecosystem carbon storage indicated that soil carbon played an important role in shaping forest ecosystem carbon density. Carbon density of tree layer increased with age in natural forests, but decreased in the order over-mature > near-mature > mature > middle-aged > young forest in plantations. The proportions of young and middle aged forests were larger than any other age classes. Thereby, the carbon storage of forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province could be increased through a proper forest management.

Key words: forest ecosystem, carbon storage, carbon density, spatial distribution, Zhejiang Province

李银, 陈国科, 林敦梅, 陈彬, 高雷明, 简兴, 杨波, 徐武兵, 苏宏新, 赖江山, 王希华, 杨海波, 马克平. 浙江省森林生态系统碳储量及其分布特征. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(4): 354-363. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0193

Yin LI, Guo-Ke CHEN, Dun-Mei LIN, Bin CHEN, Lei-Ming GAO, Xing JIAN, Bo YANG, Wu-Bing XU, Hong-Xin SU, Jiang-Shan LAI, Xi-Hua WANG, Hai-Bo YANG, Ke-Ping MA. Carbon storage and its distribution of forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(4): 354-363. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0193

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图/表 8

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森林类型 Forest type	a	b	n	R²	参考文献 Reference
马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	0.503 4	20.547	52	0.87	Fang et al., 2007
其他松类林 Other pines and conifer forests	0.516 8	33.238	19	0.86	Fang et al., 2007
杉木林 Cunninghamia lanceolata forest	0.465 2	19.141	90	0.94	Fang et al., 2007
柳杉林、水杉林 Cryptomeria fortunei, Metasequoia glyptostroboides forests	0.415 8	41.331 8	30	0.79	Fang et al., 2001
柏木林 Cupressus funebris forest	0.612 9	46.145 1	19	0.87	Fang et al., 2001
栎类林 Quercus spp. forest	1.145 3	8.547 3	12	0.98	Fang et al., 2001
木荷林、樟林 Schima superba, Cinnamomum camphora forests	1.035 7	8.059 1	17	0.89	Fang et al., 2001
硬阔林 Hardwood forest	1.178 3	2.558 5	17	0.95	Fang et al., 2007
软阔林 Softwood forest	0.475 4	30.603	16	0.92	Liu et al., 2000
针叶混交林 Mixed coniferous forest	0.589 4	24.515 1			Zeng, 2005
阔叶混交林 Mixed broadleaved forest	0.978 8	5.376 4	35	0.93	Fang et al., 2007
针阔叶混交林 Mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest	0.813 6	18.466	10	0.99	Fang et al., 2001

森林类型 Forest type	a	b	n	R²	参考文献 Reference
马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	0.503 4	20.547	52	0.87	Fang et al., 2007
其他松类林 Other pines and conifer forests	0.516 8	33.238	19	0.86	Fang et al., 2007
杉木林 Cunninghamia lanceolata forest	0.465 2	19.141	90	0.94	Fang et al., 2007
柳杉林、水杉林 Cryptomeria fortunei, Metasequoia glyptostroboides forests	0.415 8	41.331 8	30	0.79	Fang et al., 2001
柏木林 Cupressus funebris forest	0.612 9	46.145 1	19	0.87	Fang et al., 2001
栎类林 Quercus spp. forest	1.145 3	8.547 3	12	0.98	Fang et al., 2001
木荷林、樟林 Schima superba, Cinnamomum camphora forests	1.035 7	8.059 1	17	0.89	Fang et al., 2001
硬阔林 Hardwood forest	1.178 3	2.558 5	17	0.95	Fang et al., 2007
软阔林 Softwood forest	0.475 4	30.603	16	0.92	Liu et al., 2000
针叶混交林 Mixed coniferous forest	0.589 4	24.515 1			Zeng, 2005
阔叶混交林 Mixed broadleaved forest	0.978 8	5.376 4	35	0.93	Fang et al., 2007
针阔叶混交林 Mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest	0.813 6	18.466	10	0.99	Fang et al., 2001

森林类型 Forest type	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)
森林类型 Forest type	0-10 cm	10-20 cm	20-30 cm	30-50 cm	50-100 cm
樟林 Cinnamomum camphora forest	28.83 ± 1.09	11.41 ± 0.87	9.47 ± 2.35	6.50 ± 1.30	4.37 ± 0.26
柳杉林 Cryptomeria fortunei forest	31.13 ± 3.21	21.77 ± 1.89	17.31 ± 2.41	9.91 ± 1.48	8.32 ± 0.17
软阔林 Softwood forest	18.28 ± 9.74	14.26 ± 8.71	14.10 ± 8.11	12.11 ± 6.32	13.30 ± 2.74
柏木林 Cupressus funebris forest	35.21 ± 10.67	19.76 ± 7.57	11.09 ± 3.57	7.23 ± 2.27	7.72 ± 4.50
硬阔林 Hardwood forest	23.72 ± 5.73	11.55 ± 4.58	7.57 ± 2.60	5.82 ± 1.93	4.33 ± 1.67
木荷林 Schima superba forest	16.74 ± 2.37	10.72 ± 2.61	8.83 ± 1.23	5.45 ± 0.56	4.15 ± 0.43
其他松类林 Other pines and conifer forests	20.97 ± 8.21	14.20 ± 5.49	8.97 ± 5.09	6.26 ± 0.68	5.93 ± 0.80
栎类林 Quercus spp. forest	20.29 ± 3.32	10.08 ± 2.05	6.04 ± 1.71	5.36 ± 0.41	4.35 ± 0.37
针叶混交林 Mixed coniferous forest	19.82 ± 9.37	10.05 ± 3.91	7.74 ± 3.09	5.63 ± 1.96	5.29 ± 2.97
针阔叶混交林 Mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest	16.22 ± 9.53	8.84 ± 6.06	6.42 ± 4.57	5.16 ± 3.59	4.26 ± 2.51
马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	21.34 ± 5.97	13.01 ± 3.83	9.27 ± 2.64	7.64 ± 2.73	6.19 ± 2.62
杉木林 Cunninghamia lanceolata forest	14.11 ± 2.92	9.17 ± 1.73	8.07 ± 4.89	4.78 ± 1.86	4.02 ± 1.21
竹林 Bamboo forest	28.76 ± 10.83	14.42 ± 5.77	9.97 ± 3.71	7.31 ± 2.99	5.60 ± 2.40

森林类型 Forest type	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)
森林类型 Forest type	0-10 cm	10-20 cm	20-30 cm	30-50 cm	50-100 cm
樟林 Cinnamomum camphora forest	28.83 ± 1.09	11.41 ± 0.87	9.47 ± 2.35	6.50 ± 1.30	4.37 ± 0.26
柳杉林 Cryptomeria fortunei forest	31.13 ± 3.21	21.77 ± 1.89	17.31 ± 2.41	9.91 ± 1.48	8.32 ± 0.17
软阔林 Softwood forest	18.28 ± 9.74	14.26 ± 8.71	14.10 ± 8.11	12.11 ± 6.32	13.30 ± 2.74
柏木林 Cupressus funebris forest	35.21 ± 10.67	19.76 ± 7.57	11.09 ± 3.57	7.23 ± 2.27	7.72 ± 4.50
硬阔林 Hardwood forest	23.72 ± 5.73	11.55 ± 4.58	7.57 ± 2.60	5.82 ± 1.93	4.33 ± 1.67
木荷林 Schima superba forest	16.74 ± 2.37	10.72 ± 2.61	8.83 ± 1.23	5.45 ± 0.56	4.15 ± 0.43
其他松类林 Other pines and conifer forests	20.97 ± 8.21	14.20 ± 5.49	8.97 ± 5.09	6.26 ± 0.68	5.93 ± 0.80
栎类林 Quercus spp. forest	20.29 ± 3.32	10.08 ± 2.05	6.04 ± 1.71	5.36 ± 0.41	4.35 ± 0.37
针叶混交林 Mixed coniferous forest	19.82 ± 9.37	10.05 ± 3.91	7.74 ± 3.09	5.63 ± 1.96	5.29 ± 2.97
针阔叶混交林 Mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest	16.22 ± 9.53	8.84 ± 6.06	6.42 ± 4.57	5.16 ± 3.59	4.26 ± 2.51
马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	21.34 ± 5.97	13.01 ± 3.83	9.27 ± 2.64	7.64 ± 2.73	6.19 ± 2.62
杉木林 Cunninghamia lanceolata forest	14.11 ± 2.92	9.17 ± 1.73	8.07 ± 4.89	4.78 ± 1.86	4.02 ± 1.21
竹林 Bamboo forest	28.76 ± 10.83	14.42 ± 5.77	9.97 ± 3.71	7.31 ± 2.99	5.60 ± 2.40

森林类型 Forest type	面积 Area (100 hm²)	碳密度 Carbon density (t·hm^-2)					生态系统碳储量 Forest ecosystem carbon storage (Tg)	样本数 Sample number
森林类型 Forest type	面积 Area (100 hm²)	乔木层 Tree layer	灌草层 Shrub-herb layer	凋落物层 Litter layer	土壤层 Soil layer	森林生态系统 Forest ecosystem	生态系统碳储量 Forest ecosystem carbon storage (Tg)	样本数 Sample number
樟林 Cinnamomum camphora forest	24	17.57	3.07 ± 1.94	3.47 ± 0.84	86.37 ± 3.01	110.48	0.27	3
柳杉林 Cryptomeria fortunei forest	167	46.04	0.86 ± 0.07	1.42 ± 0.58	155.83 ± 6.53	204.15	3.41	6
软阔林 Softwood forest	216	19.15	1.70 ± 0.37	0.95 ± 0.41	147.61 ± 18.21	169.42	3.66	6
柏木林 Cupressus funebris forest	240	47.95	4.06 ± 1.03	2.48 ± 0.96	98.30 ± 16.24	152.79	3.67	5
硬阔林 Hardwood forest	671	23.08	1.84 ± 0.88	2.13 ± 0.69	115.92 ± 26.93	142.97	9.59	18
木荷林 Schima superba forest	744	30.91	3.41 ± 1.35	2.66 ± 1.06	81.09 ± 27.44	118.07	8.78	16
其他松类林 Other pines and conifer forests	1 366	29.42	5.14 ± 1.63	2.63 ± 1.82	71.66 ± 7.63	108.84	14.87	3
栎类林 Quercus spp. forest	2 030	23.38	2.55 ± 1.64	2.08 ± 0.55	109.19 ± 6.94	137.20	27.85	8
针叶混交林 Mixed coniferous forest	3 520	29.42	6.82 ± 1.35	3.67 ± 2.01	84.64 ± 7.62	124.55	43.84	8
针阔叶混交林 Mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest	5 676	28.15	3.89 ± 1.54	2.77 ± 1.25	90.81 ± 31.41	125.62	71.30	60
马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	8 116	21.61	5.38 ± 1.78	2.00 ± 1.20	80.40 ± 44.30	109.39	88.78	34
杉木林 Cunninghamia lanceolata forest	8 209	21.72	2.11 ± 0.83	2.68 ± 1.09	98.96 ± 27.14	125.47	103.00	24
竹林 Bamboo forest	8 834	23.78	0.94 ± 0.08	0.63 ± 0.19	71.63 ± 18.17	96.98	85.67	12
阔叶混交林 Mixed broadleaved forest	10 028	25.10	3.43 ± 0.89	2.88 ± 1.86	106.24 ± 27.30	137.65	138.03	42
加权平均值 Weighted average (t·hm^-2)		24.65	3.36	2.28	90.51	120.80
合计 Total (Tg)	49 841	122.88	16.73	11.36	451.76		602.73
各层碳储量占总碳储量的比例 The corresponding proportions of carbon storage in different layers (%)		20.39	2.78	1.88	74.95		100.00

浙江省森林生态系统碳储量及其分布特征

Carbon storage and its distribution of forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province, China

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森林类型 Forest type	幼龄林 Young forest		中龄林 Middle-aged forest		近熟林 Near-mature forest		成熟林 Mature forest		过熟林 Over-mature forest
森林类型 Forest type	碳密度 Carbon density (t·hm^-2)	碳储量 Carbon storage (Tg)	碳密度 Carbon density (t·hm^-2)	碳储量 Carbon storage (Tg)	碳密度 Carbon density (t·hm^-2)	碳储量 Carbon storage (Tg)	碳密度 Carbon density (t·hm^-2)	碳储量 Carbon storage (Tg)	碳密度 Carbon density (t·hm^-2)	碳储量 Carbon storage (Tg)
其他松类林 Other pines and conifer forests	17.72	0.21	31.00	0.59	44.52	1.18
马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	15.06	2.09	22.05	7.92	27.13	4.94	43.74	1.05
杉木林 Cunninghamia lanceolata forest	11.12	0.29	16.14	1.27	20.28	1.21	24.55	0.94	39.33	0.09
栎类林 Quercus spp. forest	21.95	4.35	97.51	0.22
木荷林 Schima superba forest	18.82	0.59	40.48	1.46	72.19	0.17
硬阔林 Hardwood forest	19.45	0.89	38.93	0.46
软阔林 Softwood forest					16.75	0.08	22.45	0.11
针叶混交林 Mixed coniferous forest	15.32	0.37	25.36	2.73	36.70	1.76	39.45	0.95	65.74	0.16
阔叶混交林 Mixed broadleaved forest	21.54	18.36	45.17	5.61	43.03	0.20	30.53	0.15
针阔叶混交林 Mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest	22.33	4.60	31.15	6.71	46.84	2.58	37.99	0.36
加权平均值 Weighted average (t·hm^-2)	20.69		28.27		31.64		33.69		52.54
合计 Total (Tg)		31.75		26.98		12.05		3.45		0.25

	乔木层 Tree layer	灌草层 Shrub-herb layer	凋落物层 Litter layer	土壤层 Soil layer	森林生态系统 Forest ecosystem
乔木层 Tree layer	1	0.048	-0.021	0.226	0.530^*
灌草层 Shrub-herb layer		1	0.679^**	-0.560^*	-0.416
凋落物层 Litter layer			1	-0.411	-0.311
土壤层 Soil layer				1	0.942^**
森林生态系统 Forest ecosystem					1

研究区域 Study area	估算方法 Biomass estimation model	植被碳储量 Forest carbon storage (Tg)	资料来源 Reference
中国 China	分龄组森林蓄积量-生物量转换模型 Age-based volume-to-biomass method	4 020.00	Pan et al., 2004
中国 China	不分龄组森林蓄积量-生物量转换模型 Volume-to-biomass method	4 630.00	Fang et al., 2001
吉林省 Jilin Province, China	分龄组森林蓄积量-生物量转换模型 Age-based volume-to-biomass method	439.14	Wang et al., 2011
吉林省 Jilin Province, China	不分龄组森林蓄积量-生物量转换模型 Volume-to-biomass method	494.47	Li & Lei, 2010
吉林省 Jilin Province, China	生物量经验模型 Biomass regression model	513.26	Li et al., 2011

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