基于CO2FIX模型的华北落叶松人工林碳循环过程

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0208

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探明华北落叶松(Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii)人工林的碳循环过程, 该研究以河北围场地区的华北落叶松人工林为例, 基于CO2FIX模型, 以在当地的实际调查数据、文献数据作为输入数据, 从生物量、土壤和木质林产品碳库3个方面探讨了华北落叶松人工林的碳循环过程和碳汇能力。结果表明: 华北落叶松人工林土壤碳库最大, 生物量碳库次之, 林产品碳库最小, 但是林产品碳库随时间呈逐渐增加的趋势; 在一个轮伐期内(50年), 每公顷华北落叶松人工林约固定了250 t碳, 其中约70%通过凋落物和采伐剩余物的方式进入土壤碳库, 约30%进入木质林产品碳库; 华北落叶松人工林在生长的大部分时间是一个碳的吸收汇, 而在森林采伐时成为暂时的排放源, 从长时间尺度上看, 每公顷华北落叶松人工林每年大约固定0.3 t左右的碳。该研究结果表明了木质林产品碳库在人工林碳循环中的重要作用, 这将有助于更加全面地认识人工林的碳循环过程和碳汇能力。

关键词: 华北落叶松人工林, 碳循环, 模型模拟, 碳汇能力

Abstract:

Aims
Plantations play important roles in modifying regional carbon budget and maintaining regional carbon balance. In this study, we assessed larch plantation (Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii) carbon dynamics in Weichang County from a perspective of the forest biomass-soil-wood-products chain. Our objectives were to elucidate the carbon sink capacity of larch plantation and the influences of biomass, soil and wood product pools on carbon balance.
Methods
CO2FIX model was used to evaluate the carbon storage and flow of larch plantation over a time span of 120 years. Input data for model were derived from practical investigations and published papers. We validated the simulated results and found that this model was suitable in the region and the simulated results were reliable.
Important findings
(1) Soil was the largest carbon pool for larch plantation and the wood product pool had the smallest carbon storage. Meanwhile, carbon storage in wood products gradually increased with time. (2) In a rotation of 50 years from secondary poplar-birch forest to larch plantation, 250 t C·hm^-2 was sequestrated by the larch plantation. 70% of the carbon was transferred into soil in the form of litter and logging slash and the other 30% was transferred into wood products. (3) Larch plantation was a carbon sink during most of its growing period and turned to temporary carbon source when it was harvested. Larch plantation could sequestrate about 0.3 t C·hm^-2·a^-1 in the long term. Our results indicated the importance of wood product carbon pool in carbon dynamics of plantation, which facilitated our understanding in the carbon dynamics and capacity of plantation.

Key words: larch plantation, carbon cycle, CO2FIX model, carbon sequestration

贾彦龙, 李倩茹, 许中旗, 桑卫国. 基于CO2FIX模型的华北落叶松人工林碳循环过程. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(4): 405-415. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0208

Yan-Long JIA, Qian-Ru LI, Zhong-Qi XU, Wei-Guo SANG. Carbon cycle of larch plantation based on CO2FIX model. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(4): 405-415. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0208

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0208

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I4/405

图/表 8

表1 模拟华北落叶松人工林碳动态的主要参数

Table 1 Main parameters in carbon dynamic simulation of larch (Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii) plantation

参数 Parameter	数值 Value
模拟时长 Simulation length (a)	120
轮伐期 Rotation (a)	50
土壤初始碳密度 Initial carbon content of soil (t C·hm^-2)	158
木材基本密度 Basic wood density (kg·m^-3)	LP							UD
木材基本密度 Basic wood density (kg·m^-3)	540							450
含碳率 Carbon content (%)	树干 Stem		枝 Branch					叶 Leaf				根 Root
LP	49.71		51.00					51.07				53.37
UD	50.00		50.00					50.00				50.00
周转率 Turnover rates	枝 Branch		叶 Leaf					根 Root
LP	0.05¹⁾		1					0.05
UD	0.05		1					0.15
抚育采伐过程 Thinning or harvest	林龄 Forest age (a)
抚育采伐过程 Thinning or harvest	14			21			31				45				50
LP	0.4²⁾			0.4			0.4				0.5				1
UD	0.4			0.9			1				1				1
采伐后木质林产品的分配 Product allocation for thinning and harvesting	原木 Logwood					纸浆材 Pulpwood							采伐剩余物 Slash
采伐后木质林产品的分配 Product allocation for thinning and harvesting	树干 Stem	枝 Branch			叶 Leaf	树干 Stem			枝 Branch	叶 Leaf			树干 Stem	枝 Branch		叶 Leaf
LP	0.5, 0.7³⁾	0			0	0			0	0			0.5, 0.3	1		1
UD	0, 0.6⁴⁾	0			0	0			0	0			1, 0.4	1		1
产品期望寿命 Expected life time of products (a)	长期产品LTP			中期产品MTP			短期产品STP				垃圾场废弃林产品MD				长期填埋林产品LD
产品期望寿命 Expected life time of products (a)	20			10			1				10				145

表2 华北落叶松人工林及林下植被树干生长量

Table 2 Stem growth rate of larch and undergrowth vegetation

华北落叶松人工林 Larch plantation		林下植被 Understory
林龄 Forest age (a)	树干生长量 Stem growth rate (m³·hm^-2·a^-1)	林龄 Forest age (a)	树干生长量 Stem growth rate (m³·hm^-2·a^-1)
0	0.50	0	0.50
5	3.12	10	0.76
10	6.27	15	1.35
15	7.30	20	2.05
20	7.20	25	0.83
25	6.20	30	0.82
30	5.20
35	4.40
40	3.70
45	3.10
50	2.70

图1 全球历史气象网络数据与附近气象观测站月平均气温(A)和月降水量(B)的比较。

Fig. 1 Comparisons between data from Global Historical Climatology Network and data from monitoring site nearby for mean monthly temperature (A) and mean monthly precipitation (B).

图2 华北落叶松人工林生物碳储量模拟值与实测值的比较(平均值±标准偏差)。

Fig. 2 Comparison between simulated and measured values of biomass carbon storage in larch plantation (mean ± SD).

图3 华北落叶松人工林碳储量动态变化。

Fig. 3 The dynamics of carbon storage in larch plantation.

图4 华北落叶松人工林净初级生产力(NPP)的变化。

Fig. 4 The dynamics of net primary productivity (NPP) in larch plantation.

图5 华北落叶松人工林净碳平衡的变化。

Fig. 5 The dynamics of net carbon balance in larch plantation.

图6 一个轮伐期内华北落叶松人工林的碳流通(t C·hm-2)。NPP为净初级生产力, L & S为凋落物和采伐剩余物。数字表示一个轮伐期(50 a)内进入某一碳库总的碳通量或轮伐期后碳库最终的碳储量, 括号内的百分数表示该碳通量或碳储量与总净初级生产力之比。

Fig. 6 Carbon flow of larch plantation in a 50-year rotation (t C·hm-2). NPP is net primary productivity; L & S represents litter and logging slash; LTP, MTP, STP represent long term products, medium term products and short term products, respectively. Numbers in arrows represent carbon fluxes to certain carbon pool, and numbers in boxes represent carbon storage in certain carbon pool. The percentages in parentheses represent ratios of carbon fluxes or carbon storages to total net primary productivity.

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