夜间增温对亚高山针叶林主要树种无机氮吸收的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0420

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

吸收营养物质是植物根系的主要生理功能。氮素吸收是植物体内氮代谢的第一步, 也是最关键的一步。为了全面地认识亚高山针叶林在全球气候变化背景下对两种主要无机氮(NH₄⁺和NO₃^-)吸收特点的变化, 该研究以川西亚高山针叶林优势树种——云杉(Picea asperata)和岷江冷杉(Abies fargesii var. faxoniana)为材料, 通过红外辐射加热器模拟增温, 利用非损伤微测技术(non-invasive micromeasurement technology)研究了这两个树种吸收NH₄⁺和NO₃^-特点的变化, 同时还探究了NH₄⁺和NO₃^-之间的相互作用对植物吸收这两种离子的影响。研究结果显示: 在云杉根系中, NH₄⁺和NO₃^-的最大吸收速率分别发生在距离根尖最顶端17-18 mm区域和17 mm处, 而岷江冷杉对这两种离子的最大吸收速率分别发生在距离根尖顶端11 mm和11.5 mm处。增温对云杉和岷江冷杉根系吸收NH₄⁺和NO₃^-有促进作用。在增温条件下, NO₃^-能够促进云杉根系对NH₄⁺的吸收, 而NH₄⁺则抑制了其对NO₃^-的吸收。无论是否增温, 岷江冷杉对NH₄⁺的吸收都不受NO₃^-的影响, 而在增温条件下, NH₄⁺会抑制岷江冷杉对NO₃^-的吸收。

关键词: 夜间增温, N吸收, 针叶树, 高山森林

Abstract:

Aims Plant roots play a critical role in the uptake of nutrients, and nitrogen (N) absorption is considered as the first step and a pivotal process in N metabolism of plants. Our objective was to better understand the absorption of two major inorganic N forms (NH₄⁺ and NO₃^-) in subalpine coniferous forests under global warming Methods Experimental warming using infrared heater was applied to two dominant species in subalpine coniferous forests of Sichuan, China, Picea asperata and Abies fargesiivar. faxoniana. The non-invasive micromeasurement technology was used to investigate the effects of warming on the uptake rates of NH₄⁺ and NO₃^- and the potential interactions between these two ions.Important findings Results showed that the maximal net root uptake of NH₄⁺ and NO₃^-occurred at a distance of 17-18 mm and 17 mm from root tips, respectively for P. asperata. and at a distance of 11 mm and 11.5 mm from root tips respectively for A. fargesiivar. faxoniana. Experimental warming elevated the uptake rates of NH₄⁺ and NO₃^- in both species, but the interactions between NH₄⁺ and NO₃^- differed between the two species. While NO₃^- uptake was inhibited in the presence of NH₄⁺ for both P. asperataand A. fargesiivar. faxoniana, net NH₄⁺ uptake was promoted by NO₃^- supply only in P. asperata roots under experimental warming.

Key words: night warming, N absorption, conifer tree, subalpine forest

唐波, 杨欢, 尹春英, 孙誉育, 郑东辉, 刘庆. 夜间增温对亚高山针叶林主要树种无机氮吸收的影响. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(6): 543-553. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0420

Bo TANG, Huan YANG, Chun-Ying YIN, Yu-Yu SUN, Dong-Hui ZHENG, Qing LIU. Effects of night warming on the uptake of inorganic nitrogen by two dominant species in subalpine coniferous forests. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(6): 543-553. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0420

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0420

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I6/543

图/表 5

图1 夜间增温对土壤pH值(A), 土壤NO3--N (B)和土壤NH4+-N (C)的影响(平均值±标准误差, n = 4)。不同小写字母表示对照组两物种之间差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同大写字母表示夜间增温下两物种间差异显著(p < 0.05); 星号表示夜间增温效应显著(*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01)。PA, 云杉; AF, 岷江冷杉。

Fig. 1 Effects of night warming on soil pH value (A), soil NO3--N (B) and NH4+-N concentration (C) (mean ± SE, n = 4). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between Picea asperata and Abies fargesii var. faxoniana under control (p < 0.05); Different capital letters indicate significant differences between P. asperata and A. fargesii var. faxoniana under night warming (p < 0.05); Asterisks indicate significant differences between night warming and control (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01). PA, Picea asperata; AF, Abies fargesii var. faxoniana.

图2 云杉根尖不同位置NH4+ (A)和NO3- (B)的流速(平均值±标准误差, n = 4), 正值和负值分别表示离子净吸收和净流出。NH4+和NO3-的测试液分别为: 0.1 mmol·L-1 NH4Cl/0.1 mmol·L-1 KNO3, 1 mmol·L-1 KCl, 0.1 mmol·L-1 CaCl2, pH 5.5。

Fig. 2 Net NH4+ (A) and NO3- (B) fluxes along the root tip of Picea asperata (mean ± SE, n = 4). Positive and negative values indicate net influxes and effluxes, respectively. The measuring solution contained 1 mmol·L-1 KCl and 0.1 mmol·L-1 CaCl2 with pH equal to 5.5, and either 0.1 mmol·L-1 NH4Cl for NH4+ flux measurements or 0.1 mmol·L-1 KNO3 for NO3- flux measurements.

图3 岷江冷杉根尖不同位置NH4+ (A)和NO3- (B)的流速(平均值±标准误差, n = 4), 正值和负值分别表示离子净吸收和净流出。NH4+和NO3-的测试液分别为: 0.1 mmol·L-1 NH4Cl/0.1 mmol·L-1 KNO3, 1 mmol·L-1 KCl, 0.1 mmol·L-1 CaCl2, pH 5.5。

Fig. 3 Net NH4+ (A) and NO3- (B) fluxes along the root tip of Abies fargesii var. faxoniana (mean ± SE, n = 4). Positive and negative values indicate net influxes and effluxes, respectively. The measuring solution contained 1 mmol·L-1 KCl and 0.1 mmol·L-1 CaCl2 with pH equal to 5.5, and either 0.1 mmol·L-1 NH4Cl for NH4+ flux measurements or 0.1 mmol·L-1 KNO3 for NO3- flux measurements.

图4 分别在NH4NO3测试液(0.1 mmol·L-1 NH4NO3, 1 mmol·L-1 KCl, 0.1 mmol·L-1 CaCl2, pH 5.5)和NH4Cl测试液(0.1 mmol·L-1 NH4Cl, 1 mmol·L-1 KCl, 0.1 mmol·L-1 CaCl2, pH 5.5)中测定距离云杉根尖17-18 mm区域(A)和岷江冷杉根尖11 mm处(B)的NH4+净吸收(平均值±标准误差, n = 4)。不同的小写和大写字母分别表示在NH4NO3和NH4Cl测试液中测定的NH4+净吸收受夜间增温效应显著影响(p < 0.05); 星号表示在不同的测试液中测定的离子净吸收的差异显著性(***, p < 0.005)。

Fig. 4 Net root NH4+ influxes at the distance of 17-18 mm from the root tip of Picea asperata (A) and at the distance of 11 mm from the root tip of Abies fargesii var. faxoniana (B) in NH4NO3 measuring solution (0.1 mmol·L-1 NH4NO3, 1 mmol·L-1 KCl, 0.1 mmol·L-1 CaCl2, pH 5.5) and NH4Cl measuring solution (0.1 mmol·L-1 NH4Cl, 1 mmol·L-1 KCl, 0.1 mmol·L-1 CaCl2, pH 5.5) (mean ± SE, n = 4). Different lowercase and capital letters indicate significant effect (p < 0.05) of night warming on net NH4+ influxes measured in NH4NO3 and NH4Cl measuring solution, respectively. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the net NH4+ influxes measured in NH4NO3 and in NH4Cl solution (***, p < 0.005).

图5 分别在NH4NO3测试液(0.1 mmol·L-1 NH4NO3, 1 mmol·L-1 KCl, 0.1 mmol·L-1 CaCl2, pH 5.5)和KNO3测试液(0.1 mmol·L-1 KNO3, 1 mmol·L-1 KCl, 0.1 mmol·L-1 CaCl2, pH 5.5)中测定距离云杉根尖17 mm (A)和岷江冷杉根尖11.5 mm处(B)的NO3-净吸收(平均值±标准误差, n = 4)。不同的小写和大写字母分别表示在NH4NO3和KNO3测试液中测定的NO3-净吸收受夜间增温效应显著影响(p < 0.05); 星号表示在不同测试液中测定的离子净吸收的差异显著性(***, p < 0.005)。

Fig. 5 Net NO3- influxes at a distance of 17 mm from the root tip of Picea asperata (A) and at a distance of 11.5 mm from the root tip of Abies fargesii var. faxoniana (B) in NH4NO3 measuring solution (0.1 mmol·L-1 NH4NO3, 1 mmol·L-1 KCl, 0.1 mmol·L-1 CaCl2, pH 5.5) and KNO3 measuring solution (0.1 mmol·L-1 KNO3, 1 mmol·L-1 KCl, 0.1 mmol·L-1 CaCl2, pH 5.5) (mean ± SE, n = 4). Different lowercase and capital letters indicate significant effect (p < 0.05) of night warming on net NO3- influxes measured in NH4NO3 and KNO3 measuring solution, respectively. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the net NO3- influxes measured in NH4NO3 and in KNO3 solution (***, p < 0.005).

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