亚高山森林林窗对凋落物分解过程中半纤维素动态的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0022

植物生态学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 229-238.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0022

所属专题：凋落物

亚高山森林林窗对凋落物分解过程中半纤维素动态的影响

李晗, 吴福忠, 杨万勤^*(), 徐李亚, 倪祥银, 何洁, 胡义

四川农业大学生态林业研究所林业生态工程四川省重点实验室, 高山森林生态系统定位研究站, 成都 611130

收稿日期:2014-11-14 接受日期:2015-01-28 出版日期:2015-03-01 发布日期:2015-03-17
通讯作者: 杨万勤
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31170423和31270498)、国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2011BAC- 09B05)、四川省杰出青年学术与技术带头人培育项目(2012JQ0008和2012JQ0059)和中国博士后科学基金(2012T50782)资助

Effects of forest gap on hemicellulose dynamics during foliar litter decomposition in an subalpine forest

LI Han, WU Fu-Zhong, YANG Wan-Qin^*(), XU Li-Ya, NI Xiang-Yin, HE Jie, HU Yi

Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Long-term Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystem, Chengdu 611130, China

Received:2014-11-14 Accepted:2015-01-28 Online:2015-03-01 Published:2015-03-17
Contact: Wan-Qin YANG
About author:
# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

亚高山森林林窗可能通过改变冬季雪被格局和生长季水热环境影响林窗内凋落物中半纤维素的分解动态, 但目前对此还缺乏研究。采用凋落物分解袋法, 以亚高山森林5种典型物种岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)、红桦(Betula albosinensis)、四川红杉(Larix mastersiana)、方枝柏(Sabina saltuaria)和高山杜鹃(Rhododendron lapponicum)凋落物为研究对象, 研究雪被形成期、雪被覆盖期、雪被融化期和生长季节从林窗中心、林冠林窗、扩展林窗到郁闭林下物种凋落物的半纤维素变化特征。经历一年分解后, 5种凋落物的半纤维素均呈现净累积现象。针、阔叶凋落物半纤维素分别在雪被覆盖期和融化期表现出相对较高的损失率。在雪被覆盖期和融化期, 凋落物半纤维素在林窗中心和林冠林窗具有相对较高的损失率; 而在生长季节, 林窗中心呈现相对较低的凋落物半纤维素累积率。统计分析结果表明凋落物分解过程中半纤维素损失率与环境因子和凋落物质量因子均显著相关。这些结果表明亚高山森林林窗对凋落物分解过程中半纤维素损失率具有显著影响, 分别促进了半纤维素在冬季的损失以及抑制了半纤维素在生长季节的累积, 意味着亚高山森林林窗的形成有利于凋落物半纤维素的降解。

关键词: 林窗, 凋落物, 半纤维素, 季节性雪被, 亚高山森林

Abstract: Aims

As part of fiber structures, the hemicellulose degrades and transforms during foliar litter decomposition along with other components of leaf tissue. Forest gaps and crown canopies may regulate hemicellulose dynamics during foliar litter decomposition by redistributing winter snow cover and altering the temperature, precipitation and solar radiation during the growing season, but little information is available concerning those effects and the consequences. Therefore, our objective was to study the effects of forest gap on hemicellulose dynamics during foliar litter decomposition in an subalpine forest.

Methods

A field litterbag experiment was conducted in an subalpine fir (Abies faxoniana) forest in a transitional area located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Litterbags containing cypress (Sabina saltuaria), red birch (Betula albosinensis), larch (Larix mastersiana), azalea (Rhododendron lapponicum) and fir (Abies faxoniana) were placed on forest floor from the gap center to under the closed canopy. Samples of litterbags were retrieved at the stages of snow formation, snow cover, and snowmelt as well as during the growing season. Hemicellulose contents of the remaining litter were measured.

Important findings

After one-year decomposition, all five types of foliar litter exhibited a tendency of hemicellulose accumulation. The needle-leaved litter and broad-leaved litter showed greater hemicellulose losses at the snow cover and snowmelt stages, respectively. Greater hemicellulose losses in the gap center and under the canopy were observed at both snow cover and snowmelt stages. In contrast, there was less litter hemicellulose accumulation in the gap center during the growing season. Statistical analysis of the resulting data indicated that both environmental factors and litter quality were significantly correlated with the litter hemicellulose losses. Our results suggested that forest gap enhanced the hemicellulose losses in winter and constrained the hemicellulose accumulation during growing season, implying that the formation of forest gap in subalpine forest promoted hemicellulose degradation during litter decomposition.

Key words: forest gap, foliar litter, hemicellulose, seasonal snowpack, subalpine forest

李晗, 吴福忠, 杨万勤, 徐李亚, 倪祥银, 何洁, 胡义. 亚高山森林林窗对凋落物分解过程中半纤维素动态的影响. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(3): 229-238. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0022

LI Han,WU Fu-Zhong,YANG Wan-Qin,XU Li-Ya,NI Xiang-Yin,HE Jie,HU Yi. Effects of forest gap on hemicellulose dynamics during foliar litter decomposition in an subalpine forest. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(3): 229-238. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0022

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I3/229

图/表 9

表1 研究样地土壤有机层基本化学性质(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 Basic chemical properties of the soil organic layer at study sites (mean ± SE)

土层 Soil layer	pH	有机碳 Organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)
有机层 Organic layer	6.2 ± 0.3	160.20 ± 15.70	58.02 ± 0.88	1.70 ± 0.01

表2 5种亚高山森林凋落物物种名称及其初始质量(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)

Table 2 Species identity and initial quality of the five litter types of the subalpine forest (mean ± SE, n = 3)

物种 Species	半纤维素Hemicellulose (%)	C (%)	N (%)	P (%)	木质素Lignin (%)	纤维素Cellulose (%)	C:N	C:P	N:P	Lignin:N
方枝柏 Sabina saltuaria	8.06 ± 0.09^b	51.64 ± 1.77^bc	0.88 ± 0.01^b	0.12 ± 0.01^cd	14.07 ± 0.74^b	12.22 ± 0.38^a	58.86 ± 2.21^b	416.02 ± 14.04^a	7.08 ± 0.41^ab	16.04 ± 1.01^a
岷江冷杉 Abies faxoniana	12.86 ± 0.11^c	50.56 ± 2.96^b	0.88 ± 0.01^b	0.11 ± 0.01^bc	15.85 ± 0.36^b	12.19 ± 0.20^b	57.77 ± 3.53^b	443.51 ± 36.69^ab	7.68 ± 0.72^b	18.11 ± 0.42^b
四川红杉 Larix mastersiana	5.50 ± 0.20^a	54.35 ± 0.63^c	0.86 ± 0.04^b	0.13 ± 0.01^d	27.21 ± 2.21^d	16.45 ± 0.44^d	63.32 ± 3.49^b	407.08 ± 2.42^a	6.44 ± 0.38^a	25.95 ± 1.08^c
红桦 Betula albosinensis	12.74 ± 0.10^c	49.69 ± 1.45^b	1.33 ± 0.02^d	0.09 ± 0.01^a	36.68 ± 0.62^b	12.47 ± 0.38^e	37.24 ± 1.35^a	544.94 ± 31.72^c	14.63 ± 0.36^d	25.99 ± 0.37^c
高山杜鹃 Rhododendron lapponicum	8.07 ± 0.31^b	50.29 ± 0.16^b	0.67 ± 0.02^a	0.11 ± 0.01^b	20.81 ± 0.18^c	14.07 ± 0.41^c	75.54 ± 4.47^c	471.14 ± 42.04^b	6.25 ± 0.65^a	31.24 ± 0.69^d

表3 亚高山森林凋落物全年分解不同关键时期林窗不同位置土壤表层温度特征值

Table 3 Characteristics of soil surface temperature at different critical stages of litter decomposition and different positions of forest gap in an subalpine forest

林窗位置 Gap positions	土壤表层温度特征 Soil surface temperature characteristics	雪被形成期 Snow formation stage	雪被覆盖期 Snow cover stage	雪被融化期 Snow melt stage	冬季 Winter	生长季节 Growing season	全年 The whole year
林窗中心 Gap center	日均温 DMT (℃)	-3.97	-3.97	2.14	-1.97	9.62	4.11
	正积温 PAT (℃)	378.47	1 004.85	1 604.30	2 987.62	20 713.40	23 701.02
	负积温 NAT (℃)	-2 296.28	-4 433.95	-482.58	-7 212.81	-217.40	-7 430.21
	冻融循环 FSFC (times)	43	75	54	172	-	172
林冠林窗 Canopy gap	日均温 DMT (℃)	-2.90	-3.25	1.13	-1.77	7.81	3.43
	正积温 PAT (℃)	408.92	1 066.50	922.70	2 398.12	17 454.67	19 853.79
	负积温 NAT (℃)	-1 799.92	-3 875.67	-287.33	-5 962.92	-98.00	-6 061.92
	冻融循环 FSFC (times)	56	100	29	185	-	185
扩展林窗 Expanded gap	日均温 DMT (℃)	-3.46	-4.15	1.82	-2.22	7.87	3.26
	正积温 PAT (℃)	356.75	1039.04	1 418.50	2 814.29	17 971.93	20 786.22
	负积温 NAT (℃)	-2 017.08	-4 624.67	-391.25	-7 033.00	-140.25	-7 173.25
	冻融循环 FSFC (times)	50	92	49	191	-	191
郁闭林下 Closed canopy	日均温 DMT (℃)	-3.54	-3.67	1.24	-2.15	7.79	3.29
	正积温 PAT (℃)	448.50	1328.92	1 005.50	2 782.92	17 598.58	20 382.50
	负积温 NAT (℃)	-2 149.17	-4 501.00	-305.08	-6 955.25	-61.89	-7 017.14
	冻融循环 FSFC (times)	59	105	38	201	-	201

图1 亚高山森林凋落物全年分解不同关键时期林窗不同位置雪被覆盖厚度(n = 3)。CC, 郁闭林下; CG, 林冠林窗; EG, 扩展林窗; GC, 林窗中心。

Fig. 1 Snow depth in four gap positions during the one-year litter decomposition (n = 3). CC, closed canopy; CG, canopy gap; EG, expanded gap; GC, gap center.

图2 亚高山森林凋落物全年分解不同采样时期不同林窗位置下5种凋落物半纤维素含量(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。CC, 郁闭林下; CG, 林冠林窗; EG, 扩展林窗; GC, 林窗中心。不同小写字母表示相同采样时期不同林窗位置间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Hemicellulose content of the five litter types in different gap positions at different critical sampling stages over one-year decomposition in an subalpine forest (mean ± SE, n = 3). CC, closed canopy; CG, canopy gap; EG, expanded gap; GC, gap center. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among gap positions at the same sampling stages (p < 0.05).

表4 亚高山森林凋落物全年分解过程中半纤维素损失率与采样时期, 林窗位置和物种的重复测量方差分析

Table 4 Results of repeated measures ANOVA on effects of sampling stage, gap position and specie on litter hemicellulose losses over one-year litter decomposition in an subalpine forest

变异来源 Variation source	df	F	p
T	3	163.580	0.000^**
S	4	590.699	0.000^**
G	3	13.908	0.000^**
T × S	12	74.056	0.000^**
T × G	9	32.429	0.000^**
S × G	12	19.384	0.000^**
T × S × G	36	19.846	0.000^**

图3 亚高山森林凋落物全年分解不同关键时期不同林窗位置下5种凋落物质量残留量(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。CC, 郁闭林下; CG, 林冠林窗; EG, 扩展林窗; GC, 林窗中心。不同小写字母表示相同关键时期不同林窗位置间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Litter mass remaining of the five litter types in different gap positions at different critical sampling stages over one-year decomposition in an subalpine forest (mean ± SE, n = 3). CC, closed canopy; CG, canopy gap; EG, expanded gap; GC, gap center. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among gap positions at the same critical stages (p < 0.05).

图4 亚高山森林凋落物全年分解不同关键时期不同林窗位置下5种凋落物半纤维素损失率(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。CC, 郁闭林下; CG, 林冠林窗; EG, 扩展林窗; GC, 林窗中心; GS, 生长季节; SCS, 雪被覆盖期; SFS, 雪被形成期; SMS, 雪被融化期; Winter, 冬季; Year, 分解第一年。不同小写字母表示相同关键时期不同林窗位置间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Hemicellulose losses of the five litter types in different gap positions at different critical sampling stages over one-year decomposition in an subalpine forest (mean ± SE, n = 3). CC, closed canopy; CG, canopy gap; EG, expanded gap; GC, gap center; GS, growing season; SCS, snow cover stage; SFS, snow formation stage; SMS, snowmelt stage; Winter, the whole winter; Year, the first year of decomposition. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among gap positions at the same critical stages (p < 0.05).

表5 亚高山森林凋落物半纤维素损失率与环境因子和凋落物化学属性的相关性分析

Table 5 Correlations of the litter hemicellulose losses with environmental factors and litter quality factors over one-year litter decomposition in an subalpine forest

影响因子 Factor		相关性系数 Correlation coefficient
环境因子 Environmental factors	日均温 Daily mean temperature	-0.246^**
	正积温 Positive accumulated temperature	-0.707
	负积温 Negative accumulated temperature	-0.147^*
	冻融循环 Frequency of freeze-thaw cycle	0.211^**
凋落物质量因子 Litter quality factors	半纤维素 Hemicellulose	0.276^**
	C	-0.219^**
	N	0.153^*
	P	-0.241^**
	木质素 Lignin	-0.146^*
	纤维素 Cellulose	0.068
	C:N	-0.165^*
	C:P	0.202^**
	N:P	0.197^**
	Lignin:N	-0.074

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亚高山森林林窗对凋落物分解过程中半纤维素动态的影响

Effects of forest gap on hemicellulose dynamics during foliar litter decomposition in an subalpine forest

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