水氮添加条件下高寒草甸主要植物种氮素吸收分配的同位素示踪研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00038

植物生态学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 116-124.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00038

所属专题：稳定同位素生态学；青藏高原植物生态学：群落生态学

水氮添加条件下高寒草甸主要植物种氮素吸收分配的同位素示踪研究

邓建明²^*, 姚步青¹^*, 周华坤¹^,(), 赵新全¹, 魏晴³, 陈哲¹^,⁴, 王文颖³

¹中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810001
²兰州大学生命科学学院, 兰州 730000
³青海师范大学生命与地理科学学院, 西宁 810008
⁴中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2013-01-04 接受日期:2013-04-07 出版日期:2014-01-04 发布日期:2014-02-12
通讯作者: 周华坤
作者简介:* (E-mail: qhzhhk@yahoo.com)
第一联系人：
* 并列第一作者Equally contributing author (E-mail: dengjm@lzu.edu.cn; bqyao@nwipb.cas.cn)
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB421102);国家自然科学基金(41030105);国家自然科学基金(31172247);国家自然科学青年基金(31201836);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题(XDA050-70202);国家科技支撑课题专题(2011BAC09B06-02)

Nitrogen uptake and allocation characteristics of alpine meadow main species under water and nitrogen additions based on ¹⁵N isotope

DENG Jian-Ming²^*, YAO Bu-Qing¹^*, ZHOU Hua-Kun¹^,^**(), ZHAO Xin-Quan¹, WEI Qing³, CHEN Zhe¹^,⁴, WANG Wen-Ying³

¹Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
²School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
³Department of Life and Geography Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 81008, China
⁴University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2013-01-04 Accepted:2013-04-07 Online:2014-01-04 Published:2014-02-12
Contact: ZHOU Hua-Kun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

资源利用方式的分化可以减小物种间对相同资源的竞争, 是群落物种多样性维持的主要机制。在全球变化背景下, 土壤温度和水分条件的变化可能影响高寒草甸生态系统植物的氮素(N)营养。该实验在经N、水处理3年的高寒草甸开展, 通过¹⁵NH₄¹⁵NO₃的¹⁵N稳定性同位素注射, 比较高寒草甸主要植物种对N、水处理的响应方式, 以及N吸收能力、分配和根冠比特点, 研究其营养吸收和资源分配方式的分化。结果发现不同植物种对N、水处理响应差异显著, N吸收能力、根N含量和根冠比等功能性状种间差异显著; 回归分析发现植物种N吸收能力和根N含量之间的关系不显著, 和根冠比之间呈显著线性负相关。说明高寒草甸生态系统不同植物种间N吸收具有生态位分化, 并且存在N营养吸收能力和资源分配策略的权衡。

关键词: ¹⁵N标记, 高寒草甸, N吸收, 生态位分化, 氮素添加, 水分添加

Abstract:

Aims Resource-use differentiation among species, which can reduce species competition for the same resources, is the main mechanism to maintain species diversity. Changes in soil temperature and moisture conditions, in the context of global change, may affect nitrogen (N) nutrition of plants of alpine meadow ecosystems. Our objective is to compare the characteristics of N uptake and resource allocation of dominant species of alpine meadow with changes in soil N and water.
Methods An alpine meadow was treated with N and water addition for three years using the method of ¹⁵N isotope injection. We determined the growth responses of dominant species to the N and water additions, as well as the features of N uptake capacity, N allocation and root to shoot ratio.
Important findings The species showed significantly different responses to the N and water treatments, with respect to functional traits of species in N absorption capacity, root N content and root to shoot ratio. There was no significant relationship between N absorption capacity and root N content, whereas N absorption capacity was negatively correlated with root to shoot ratio across all plant species. These results indicated there was ecological niche differentiation in N uptake and a trade-off between the N absorption capacity and resource allocation strategies among species.

Key words: ¹⁵N label, alpine meadow, N-absorption, niche differentiation, nitrogen addition, water addition

邓建明, 姚步青, 周华坤, 赵新全, 魏晴, 陈哲, 王文颖. 水氮添加条件下高寒草甸主要植物种氮素吸收分配的同位素示踪研究. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(2): 116-124. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00038

DENG Jian-Ming, YAO Bu-Qing, ZHOU Hua-Kun, ZHAO Xin-Quan, WEI Qing, CHEN Zhe, WANG Wen-Ying. Nitrogen uptake and allocation characteristics of alpine meadow main species under water and nitrogen additions based on ¹⁵N isotope. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(2): 116-124. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00038

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图/表 6

参考文献 46

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	地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass	根冠比 Root shoot ratio	δ¹⁵N_地上部分 δ¹⁵N_Aboveground	δ¹⁵N_地下部分 δ¹⁵N_Belo-wground	¹⁵N分配(δ¹⁵N_地上部分/δ¹⁵N_地下部分) ¹⁵N allocation (δ¹⁵N_Belowground/δ¹⁵N_Aboveground)	¹⁵N吸收能力 ¹⁵N absorption capability
物种 Species (S)	430.407^***	516.956^***	824.440^***	679.706^***	226.575^***	414.199^***
N处理 N treatment (N)	53.854^***	0.020	79.763^***	1.073	49.848^***	63.005^***
水分处理 Water treatment (W)	6.410^**	10.558^***	161.192^***	87.222^***	4.365^*	102.997^***
物种×N处理 S × N	14.586^***	0.849	33.536^***	8.971^***	6.907^***	12.010^***
物种×水分处理 S × W	11.515^***	8.600^***	30.235^***	19.966^***	6.173^***	16.559^***
物种×N处理×水分处理 S × N × W	8.483^***	22.194^***	66.099^***	64.992^***	9.027^***	32.964^***

	地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass	根冠比 Root shoot ratio	δ¹⁵N_地上部分 δ¹⁵N_Aboveground	δ¹⁵N_地下部分 δ¹⁵N_Belo-wground	¹⁵N分配(δ¹⁵N_地上部分/δ¹⁵N_地下部分) ¹⁵N allocation (δ¹⁵N_Belowground/δ¹⁵N_Aboveground)	¹⁵N吸收能力 ¹⁵N absorption capability
物种 Species (S)	430.407^***	516.956^***	824.440^***	679.706^***	226.575^***	414.199^***
N处理 N treatment (N)	53.854^***	0.020	79.763^***	1.073	49.848^***	63.005^***
水分处理 Water treatment (W)	6.410^**	10.558^***	161.192^***	87.222^***	4.365^*	102.997^***
物种×N处理 S × N	14.586^***	0.849	33.536^***	8.971^***	6.907^***	12.010^***
物种×水分处理 S × W	11.515^***	8.600^***	30.235^***	19.966^***	6.173^***	16.559^***
物种×N处理×水分处理 S × N × W	8.483^***	22.194^***	66.099^***	64.992^***	9.027^***	32.964^***

		N0W0	N0W1	N0W2	N1W0	N1W1	N1W2
地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass (g)		22.871±2.561^bcd	16.609±1.197^d	18.110±2.431^cd	24.105±3.730b^cd	27.091±1.442^bc	38.850±5.745^a
相对丰度 Relative abundance	垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans	0.600±0.039^c	0.704±0.016^ab	0.728±0.041^ab	0.632±0.049^bc	0.542±0.035^c	0.704±0.034^ab
	矮生嵩草 Kobresia humilis	0.040±0.009^a	0.030±0.007^ab	0.018±0.003b^c	0.032±0.006^ab	0.035±0.005^a	0.042±0.010^a
	异叶米口袋 Gueldenstaedtia diversiffolia	0.061±0.015^cde	0.073±0.009^cd	0.064±0.015^cde	0.092±0.017^bc	0.173±0.025^a	0.025±0.006^e
	美丽风毛菊 Saussurea superba	0.057±0.025^bcd	0.068±0.011^ab	0.027±0.003^d	0.056±0.005^bcd	0.098±0.010^a	0.075±0.008^ab
	鹅绒委陵菜 Potentilla anserina	0.099±0.007^a	0.026±0.004^e	0.047±0.001^cde	0.085±0.019^ab	0.064±0.003^bc	0.057±0.004^cd
	其他植物 Other plants	0.074±0.003^ab	0.022±0.005^d	0.077±0.006^ab	0.064±0.009^bc	0.040±0.002^cd	0.083±0.008^ab

		N0W0	N0W1	N0W2	N1W0	N1W1	N1W2
地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass (g)		22.871±2.561^bcd	16.609±1.197^d	18.110±2.431^cd	24.105±3.730b^cd	27.091±1.442^bc	38.850±5.745^a
相对丰度 Relative abundance	垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans	0.600±0.039^c	0.704±0.016^ab	0.728±0.041^ab	0.632±0.049^bc	0.542±0.035^c	0.704±0.034^ab
	矮生嵩草 Kobresia humilis	0.040±0.009^a	0.030±0.007^ab	0.018±0.003b^c	0.032±0.006^ab	0.035±0.005^a	0.042±0.010^a
	异叶米口袋 Gueldenstaedtia diversiffolia	0.061±0.015^cde	0.073±0.009^cd	0.064±0.015^cde	0.092±0.017^bc	0.173±0.025^a	0.025±0.006^e
	美丽风毛菊 Saussurea superba	0.057±0.025^bcd	0.068±0.011^ab	0.027±0.003^d	0.056±0.005^bcd	0.098±0.010^a	0.075±0.008^ab
	鹅绒委陵菜 Potentilla anserina	0.099±0.007^a	0.026±0.004^e	0.047±0.001^cde	0.085±0.019^ab	0.064±0.003^bc	0.057±0.004^cd
	其他植物 Other plants	0.074±0.003^ab	0.022±0.005^d	0.077±0.006^ab	0.064±0.009^bc	0.040±0.002^cd	0.083±0.008^ab

	N0W0	N0W1	N0W2	N1W0	N1W1	N1W2
垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans	0.495±0.026^Ca	0.515±0.029^CDa	0.519±0.016^Ba	0.573±0.093^Ca	0.475±0.049^Ca	0.554±0.034^Ca
矮生嵩草 Kobresia humilis	3.021±0.227^Abc	3.737±0.200^Ab	3.616±0.254^Ab	4.770±0.395^Aa	2.191±0.139^Bc	3.009±0.284^Bbc
异叶米口袋 Gueldenstaedtia diversiffolia	3.881±0.591^Ab	3.346±0.156^Bb	3.392±0.461^Ab	2.530±0.326^Bb	3.424±0.298^Ab	5.136±1.093^Aa
美丽风毛菊 Saussurea superba	1.001±0.173^Ba	0.957±0.058^Cab	0.766±0.072^Bb	1.152±0.001^Ca	0.641±0.194^Cb	0.622±0.115^Cb
鹅绒委陵菜 Potentilla anserina	0.558±0.028^Cc	0.358±0.001^Dd	0.939±0.099^Ba	0.911±0.097^Cab	0.496±0.001^Ccd	0.746±0.078^Cb

水氮添加条件下高寒草甸主要植物种氮素吸收分配的同位素示踪研究

Nitrogen uptake and allocation characteristics of alpine meadow main species under water and nitrogen additions based on ¹⁵N isotope

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	N0W0	N0W1	N0W2	N1W0	N1W1	N1W2
垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans	0.971±0.099^Abcd	0.992±0.068^Bbc	0.808±0.033^Ad	0.919±0.099^Acd	1.395±0.122^ABa	1.103±0.048^Ab
矮生嵩草 Kobresia humilis	0.132±0.005^Dd	0.178±0.008^Dc	0.198±0.011^Db	0.134±0.006^Dd	0.234±0.007^Ca	0.150±0.007^Dd
异叶米口袋 Gueldenstaedtia diversiffolia	0.179±0.010^Db	0.224±0.010^Da	0.174±0.005^Db	0.222±0.014^Da	0.237±0.005^Ca	0.163±0.011^Db
美丽风毛菊 Saussurea superba	0.593±0.053^Cbc	0.580±0.049^Cbc	0.726±0.069^Bb	0.375±0.001^Cc	1.678±0.390^Aa	0.668±0.077^Cb
鹅绒委陵菜 Potentilla anserina	0.740±0.029^Bc	1.308±0.000^Aa	0.463±0.038^Cd	0.749±0.048^Bc	1.001±0.001^Bb	0.933±0.063^Bb

	N0W0	N0W1	N0W2	N1W0	N1W1	N1W2
地上部分δ¹⁵N Aboveground δ¹⁵N
垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans	4069±244^Abc	4425±150^Aab	3952±112^Abc	3845±326^Abc	5023±418^Ba	4321±173^Aab
矮生嵩草 Kobresia humilis	2396±119^Cbc	3268±39^Ca	3181±275^Ba	2599±72^Bb	3200±110^Da	2100±181^Cc
异叶米口袋 Gueldenstaedtia diversiffolia	850±174^Dab	958±180^Dab	657±84^Dbc	1145±213^Da	909±90^Eab	947±166^Dab
美丽风毛菊 Saussurea superba	3431±332^Bb	3446±350^Cb	3108±225^Bb	2140±214^Cc	6407±641^Aa	3252±130^Bb
鹅绒委陵菜 Potentilla anserina	3235±285^Bb	4044±120^Ba	1982±200^Cc	4006±191^Aa	3963±400^Ca	4593±333^Aa
地下部分δ¹⁵N Belowground δ¹⁵N
垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans	2980±210^Bab	3548±308^Aa	2638±207^Aab	2818±565^Aab	2893±547^Bab	3151±246^Aab
矮生嵩草 Kobresia humilis	646±117^Cab	1034±47^Ca	1138±199^Ca	475±74^Cc	1011±299^Cab	514±66^Cc
异叶米口袋 Gueldenstaedtia diversiffolia	479±144^Cabc	564±156^Dab	416±35^Dbcd	354±47C^bcd	702±70^Da	376±45^Cbcd
美丽风毛菊 Saussurea superba	3246±169^Ab	2427±98^Bc	2451±112^Ac	1649±165^Be	5849±585^Aa	2211±168^Bcd
鹅绒委陵菜 Potentilla anserina	3389±342^Abc	3842±380^Aa	1871±190^Be	2867±182^Ad	2979±300^Bcd	3515±244^Aab
¹⁵N分配 ¹⁵N allocation
垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans	1.369±0.121^Bb	1.251±0.073^BCb	1.506±0.165^Bb	1.392±0.216^Cb	2.236±0.419^Ba	1.375±0.092^Cb
矮生嵩草 Kobresia humilis	3.774±0.556^Abc	3.166±0.182^Abc	2.825±0.257^Abc	5.564±0.935^Aa	3.719±0.760^Abc	4.099±0.185^Ab
异叶米口袋 Gueldenstaedtia diversiffolia	1.914±0.452^Bab	1.750±0.354^Bb	1.578±0.097^Bb	3.312±1.006^Ba	1.296±0.130^Cb	2.509±0.148^Bab
美丽风毛菊 Saussurea superba	1.055±0.052^Cd	1.422±0.080^Bab	1.267±0.035^BCc	1.297±0.130^Cbc	1.095±0.110^Cd	1.473±0.057^Ca
鹅绒委陵菜 Potentilla anserina	0.956±0.020^Ce	1.052±0.021^Cde	1.059±0.100^Ccde	1.398±0.122^Cab	1.330±0.150^Cbc	1.315±0.186^Cbcd

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水氮添加条件下高寒草甸主要植物种氮素吸收分配的同位素示踪研究

Nitrogen uptake and allocation characteristics of alpine meadow main species under water and nitrogen additions based on 15N isotope

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Nitrogen uptake and allocation characteristics of alpine meadow main species under water and nitrogen additions based on ¹⁵N isotope