法瑞学派的发展历史及其对当代植被生态学的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0054

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

法瑞学派也称Braun-Blanquet学派, 盛行于欧洲大陆, 也是当今全球植被科学的一个重要学派。该文对这一学派的发展历史、植被科学理论和野外实践, 以及群落分类系统做了简要介绍。法瑞学派的发展可分为开创(1910-1943年)、发展(1945-1980年)、分化(1980-1990年)和融合(1990年至今)四个时期。法瑞学派重视野外实践, 强调植物群落内的相互关系和动态发展, 强调植物群落主要属性是物种组成, 以及特征种(或鉴别种)在群落分类和评价环境中的重要作用; 制定了一套详细的野外调查方法和样地归类的程序; 建立了以“群丛”为基本等级的一个自下而上、严谨的、正规的植被分类体系; 具有理论上的兼容性和技术上的开放性等优点。这些都为当代植被生态学的发展奠定了坚实的基础。同时, 法瑞学派在特征种界定、群丛定义、样地数据集成与转换、与生态外貌系统连接等方面存在一些尚需改进的地方。最后, 该文概述了法瑞学派在中国的发展历史与现状, 以及目前在中国植被研究中所能发挥的作用。

关键词: 布朗-布朗喀学派, 植物社会学, 群丛, 植被分类, 群落动态, 特征种

Abstract:

Aims The French-Swiss School of phytosociology, also known as the Braun-Blanquet School, is prevalent in Europe and is one of the most influential schools in vegetation science. Here we gave a short introduction of the history of the French-Swiss School, its fundamental theory and the field practice. The development of the school can be divided into four periods: establishment (1910-1943), development (1945-1980), transition (1980-1990), and integration (1990-). The school gives emphasis on the importance of field practice, species interactions and community dynamics, and the critical role of character species or diagnostic species in vegetation studies. The school also emphasizes that the main attribute of plant community is species composition, and has developed a detailed workflow of field inventory and vegetation classification. Using the association as the basic unit, it builds a rigorous and formal system for vegetation classification. And the school has the strong compatibility in theory and technique. All these advantages are served as the basis of the development of current vegetation ecology. In addition, we identified several improvements needed or challenges of the school, including the definition of character species and association, data integration and transformation, and the linkage with eco-physiognomic vegetation classification. Finally, we gave a short introduction to the history of the French-Swiss School in China, and discussed its potential to elevate the current vegetation research in China.

Key words: Braun-Blanquet School, phytosociology, association, vegetation classification, community dynamics, character species

张健, 宋坤, 宋永昌. 法瑞学派的发展历史及其对当代植被生态学的影响. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(7): 699-714. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0054

ZHANG Jian, SONG Kun, SONG Yong-Chang. History of French-Swiss School of phytosociology and its influences on modern vegetation ecology. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(7): 699-714. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0054

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