《中国植被志》的植被分类系统、植被类型划分及编排体系

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0259

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 96-110.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0259

《中国植被志》的植被分类系统、植被类型划分及编排体系

方精云^1,^2,^*(),郭柯¹,王国宏¹,唐志尧²,谢宗强¹,沈泽昊²,王仁卿³,强胜⁴,梁存柱⁵,达良俊⁶,于丹⁷

¹中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
²北京大学城市与环境学院, 北京大学生态研究中心, 北京 100871
³山东大学生命科学学院, 济南 250100
⁴南京农业大学生命科学学院, 南京 210095
⁵内蒙古大学生态环境学院, 呼和浩特 010021
⁶华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海 200241
⁷武汉大学生命科学学院, 武汉 430072

收稿日期:2019-09-27 接受日期:2019-12-16 出版日期:2020-02-20 发布日期:2020-04-08
通讯作者: 方精云
基金资助:
国家科技基础性工作专项(2015FY210200);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY202300);国家自然科学基金委员会基础科学中心项目(31988102)

Vegetation classification system and classification of vegetation types used for the compilation of vegetation of China

FANG Jing-Yun^1,^2,^*(),GUO Ke¹,WANG Guo-Hong¹,TANG Zhi-Yao²,XIE Zong-Qiang¹,SHEN Ze-Hao²,WANG Ren-Qing³,QIANG Sheng⁴,LIANG Cun-Zhu⁵,DA Liang-Jun⁶,YU Dan⁷

¹State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
²Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
³School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
⁴School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
⁵School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
⁶School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
⁷College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

Received:2019-09-27 Accepted:2019-12-16 Online:2020-02-20 Published:2020-04-08
Contact: Jing-Yun FANG
Supported by:
Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China(2015FY210200);Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China(2019FY202300);Basic Research Center Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31988102)

1. 《〈中国植被志〉的植被分类系统、研编体系和规范专辑》参考文献汇总（带链接网址）.docx(44KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植被志(vegegraphy)是基于植被调查资料, 全面记叙植被的群落外貌、种类组成、结构和功能、生境条件, 以及地理分布等特征, 并对同类植被进行归纳和总结的志书。“植被志”的英文译为“vegegraphy”, 是本文的新造词, 它是由“vegetation”的词头“vege-”和英文后缀“-graphy” (记叙之意)组成的合成词。《中国植被志》的研编是一项时间紧迫、内容复杂、工作量浩繁的重大科学工程。它的完成将极大提升中国植被科学和生态学的研究水平, 并为中国植被资源的合理利用、生物多样性保护及生态环境治理等提供不可或缺的基础资料。本文首先简述了植被的基本特征(主要包括外貌特征、种类组成、群落结构以及动态变化等)和国内外植被调查的进展情况, 简要回顾了中国植被分类系统的研究历史, 并对以往的分类系统进行了若干修订。在此基础上, 着重讨论并提出了《中国植被志》卷册编排体系和用于《中国植被志》研编的植被类型划分方案。在对植被分类系统的修订方面, 主要对高级分类单位及相对应的英文名称进行了讨论和修订。按照本文修订的分类系统, 中国植被的分类单位及其对应的英文名称分别是: 植被型组(Vegetation Formation Group)、植被型(Vegetation Formation)和植被亚型(Vegetation Subformation)、群系组(Alliance Group)、群系(Alliance)和亚群系(Suballiance)、群丛组(Association Group)以及群丛(Association)。在植被型组中, 划分为9类: 森林、灌丛、草本植被、荒漠、高山冻原与稀疏植被、沼泽与水生植被、农业植被、城市植被及无植被地段。关于《中国植被志》的卷册编排和“植被类型”划分, 首先按高级分类单位——植被型划分相应的“卷”; 在此框架下, 模糊“植被亚型”、“群系组”和“群系”的概念, 确定“植被类型” (Vegetation type), 并将其作为植被志各卷中的“册”。这样处理不仅保证了研编工作的可操作性, 也保持了同一卷册中特定植被类型的完整性。《中国植被志》编排体系中的“植被类型”的划分很重要, 它是指具有相同建群种及相同优势类群(如种、属)的植被组合, 但它不是严格意义上的植被分类单位。“植被类型”的划分遵循“优势类群及生活型的同一性, 生境条件的相对重要性, 植被特征及用途的差异性, 以及突出植被志的应用性”等原则。按该编排体系, 《中国植被志》将由48卷约110册组成。

关键词: 植物群落, 植被, 植被分类系统, 植被分类单位, 植被类型, 植被类型划分, 中国植被志

Abstract:

Vegegraphy, a newly-created term in this paper and a compound word of prefix “vege-” of “vegetation” and suffix of “-graphy”, is a series of monographs that describe detailedly species composition, structures, functions, environmental settings, and distribution of a set of plant communities and/or their combinations for each vegetation type, using community data from vegetation survey. Its compilation is very huge, comprehensive, time-consuming research project, and great importance in the ecological research, vegetation restoration and utilization, biodiversity conservation, and environmental monitoring. This article first documents major community characteristics (i.e., species composition, structures, physiognomy, and dynamics), and historical development and current state of vegetation survey in China and worldwide, then reviews historical studies on vegetation classification systems and their revisions, and finally discusses compilation of vegetation of China and classification of vegetation types used for the compilation. For the revision of vegetation classification systems, we mainly revised high-level units of previous classification systems and the corresponding English terms. Following this revised classification system, the hierarchical level of China’s vegetation classification is expressed as high-level units (Vegetation Formation Group, Vegetation Formation, and Vegetation Subformation), medium-level units (Alliance Group, Alliance, and Suballiance), and lower-level units (Association Group and Association), respectively. In the Vegetation Formation Group unit, nine types were divided as Forest, Shrubland, Herbaceous vegetation, Desert, Swamp & Aquatic Vegetation, Alpine Tundra & Sparse Vegetation, Cultivated Vegetation, Urban Vegetation, and Non-Vegetated Area. For the compilation of vegetation of China and the classification of vegetation types, we used the high-level unit, Vegetation Formation, as the Volume of the vegegraphy, and used a specific term, “Vegetation type”, as the Issue under the Volume. The Vegetation type here is not a real vegetation classification unit but is a combination of a set of vegetation units (i.e., Vegetation Subformation and/or Alliance Group and/or Alliance) in which there exist the same or similar constructive species or the same dominant taxa (species or genus) in the communities. The determination of “Vegetation type” follows the four principles: identity of dominant taxa and life form, relative importance of habitats, difference of vegetation characteristics and application, and practicability of vegegraphy. As a result, the vegetation of China (Vegegraphy of China) completed will be composed of 48 volumes and about 110 issues.

Key words: plant community, vegetation, vegetation classification system, vegetation classification unit, vegetation type, classification of vegetation type, Vegegraphy of China

方精云, 郭柯, 王国宏, 唐志尧, 谢宗强, 沈泽昊, 王仁卿, 强胜, 梁存柱, 达良俊, 于丹. 《中国植被志》的植被分类系统、植被类型划分及编排体系. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(2): 96-110. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0259

FANG Jing-Yun, GUO Ke, WANG Guo-Hong, TANG Zhi-Yao, XIE Zong-Qiang, SHEN Ze-Hao, WANG Ren-Qing, QIANG Sheng, LIANG Cun-Zhu, DA Liang-Jun, YU Dan. Vegetation classification system and classification of vegetation types used for the compilation of vegetation of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(2): 96-110. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0259

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0259

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群系举例 Example of Alliance	亚群系举例 Example of Suballiance	所属“植被型” Location in “Vegetation Formation”
樟子松林 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest	—	(1) 寒温带和温带山地针叶林 Cold-temperate and Temperate Mountains Needleleaf Forest
油松林 Pinus tabuliformis forest	—	(2) 温带针叶林 Temperate Needleleaf Forest
马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	含岗松的马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest with Baeckea frutescens	(3) 亚热带针叶林 Subtropical Needleleaf Forest
海南松林 Pinus latteri forest	—	(4) 热带针叶林 Tropical Needleleaf Forest
高山松林 Pinus densata forest	—	(5) 热带和亚热带山地针叶林 Subtropical and Tropical Mountains Needleleaf Forest

群系举例 Example of Alliance	亚群系举例 Example of Suballiance	所属“植被型” Location in “Vegetation Formation”
樟子松林 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest	—	(1) 寒温带和温带山地针叶林 Cold-temperate and Temperate Mountains Needleleaf Forest
油松林 Pinus tabuliformis forest	—	(2) 温带针叶林 Temperate Needleleaf Forest
马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	含岗松的马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest with Baeckea frutescens	(3) 亚热带针叶林 Subtropical Needleleaf Forest
海南松林 Pinus latteri forest	—	(4) 热带针叶林 Tropical Needleleaf Forest
高山松林 Pinus densata forest	—	(5) 热带和亚热带山地针叶林 Subtropical and Tropical Mountains Needleleaf Forest

序号 No.	植被型组 Vegetation Formation Group
1	森林 Forest	11	39
2	灌丛 Shrubland	5	8
3	草本植被(草地) Herbaceous Vegetation (Grassland)	6	16
4	荒漠 Desert	2	2
5	高山冻原与稀疏植被 Alpine Tundra and Sparse Vegetation	3	3
6	沼泽与水生植被 Swamp and Aquatic Vegetation	3	7
7	农业植被 Agricultural Vegetation	12	29
8	城市植被 Urban Vegetation	5	5
9	无植被地段 Non-Vegetated Area	1	1
	合计 Total	48	110

序号 No.	植被型组 Vegetation Formation Group
1	森林 Forest	11	39
2	灌丛 Shrubland	5	8
3	草本植被(草地) Herbaceous Vegetation (Grassland)	6	16
4	荒漠 Desert	2	2
5	高山冻原与稀疏植被 Alpine Tundra and Sparse Vegetation	3	3
6	沼泽与水生植被 Swamp and Aquatic Vegetation	3	7
7	农业植被 Agricultural Vegetation	12	29
8	城市植被 Urban Vegetation	5	5
9	无植被地段 Non-Vegetated Area	1	1
	合计 Total	48	110

序号 No.	植被型组 Vegetation Formation Group	植被志卷/植被型 Vegegraphy volume/Vegetation Formation	各卷册数 (总册数) Issues in the volume (Total number of issues)	植被志册/植被类型 Vegegraphy issue/Vegetation type
1	森林 Forest	第一卷落叶针叶林 Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	2 (2)	第一册落叶松林第二册其他落叶针叶林(部分含常绿与落叶针叶混交林)
		第二卷落叶与常绿针叶混交林 Mixed Deciduous and Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	1 (3)	落叶与常绿针叶混交林
		第三卷常绿针叶林 Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	7 (10)	第一册冷杉林第二册云杉林第三册松林(分3册: 寒温性、温性、暖性松林) 第四册铁杉林黄杉林第五册柏木林圆柏林第六册杉木林第七册其他常绿针叶林
		第四卷针叶与阔叶混交林 Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	2 (12)	第一册红松阔叶混交林第二册山地针阔混交林(含暖性及亚热带针阔)
		第五卷落叶阔叶林 Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	9 (21)	第一册桦木林(分3册: 寒温性-岳桦、温性和暖性) 第二册杨树林(山杨及其他杨树林) 第三册温带落叶小叶疏林 (榆树疏林、胡杨疏林) 第四册温带落叶阔叶混交林(椴、槭、水曲柳、榆等) 第五册水青冈林第六册落叶栎林(分2册: 温性、暖性) 第七册柳林枫杨林第八册栗林(锥栗、茅栗、板栗) 第九册其他落叶阔叶林
		第六卷常绿与落叶阔叶混交林 Mixed Evergreen and Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	2 (23)	第一册常绿与落叶阔叶混交林(含落叶-常绿阔叶混交林及山地常绿-落叶阔叶混交林) 第二册石灰岩常绿与落叶阔叶混交林
		第七卷常绿阔叶林 Evergreen Broadleaf Forest	10 (33)	第一册青冈林第二册石栎林第三册栲树林(分2册: 南亚热带及典型亚热带) 第四册木荷林银木荷林第五册樟木林(樟属植物为建群种的森林) 第六册润楠-楠木林第七册高山栎林第八册亚热带季风常绿阔叶林第九册常绿阔叶矮林第十册其他常绿阔叶林
		第八卷雨林 Rainforest	2 (35)	第一册热带雨林(台湾及东南部) 第二册热带雨林(西南部)
		第九卷季雨林 Monsoon Forest	1 (36)	季雨林(分2册: 东南、西南)
		第十卷红树林 Mangrove Forest	1 (37)	红树林
序号 No.	植被型组 Vegetation Formation Group	植被志卷/植被型 Vegegraphy volume/Vegetation Formation	各卷册数 (总册数) Issues in the volume (Total number of issues)	植被志册/植被类型 Vegegraphy issue/Vegetation type
		第十一卷竹林 Bamboo Forest	2 (39)	第一册毛竹林第二册其他竹林
2	灌丛 Shrubland	第十二卷常绿针叶灌丛 Evergreen Needleleaf Shrubland	1 (40)	常绿针叶灌丛(含亚高山)
		第十三卷落叶阔叶灌丛 Deciduous Broadleaf Shrubland	3 (43)	第一册温带落叶阔叶灌丛第二册热带亚热带落叶阔叶灌丛第三册高山亚高山落叶阔叶灌丛
		第十四卷常绿阔叶灌丛 Evergreen Broadleaf Shrubland	2 (45)	第一册热带亚热带常绿阔叶灌丛第二册亚高山常绿阔叶灌丛
		第十五卷肉质刺灌丛 Succulent Thorny Shrubland	1 (46)	肉质刺灌丛(主要分布在热带亚热带)
		第十六卷竹丛 Bamboo Shrubland	1 (47)	竹丛(含温性和暖性)
3	草本植被(草地) Herbaceous Vegetation (Grassland)	第十七卷丛生草类草地 Tussock Grassland	4 (51)	第一册针茅草地第二册芨芨草草地第三册嵩草草地第四册其他丛生禾草草地
		第十八卷根茎草类草地 Rhizome Grassland	4 (55)	第一册羊草草地第二册薹草草地第三册芦苇荻类草地第四册其他根茎禾草草地
		第十九卷杂类草草地 Forb Grassland	2 (57)	第一册杂类草草地第二册杂草草地
		第二十卷半灌木草地 Semi-Shrubby Grassland	1 (58)	半灌木草地
		第二十一卷灌草丛 Shrubby Grassland	3 (61)	第一册灌丛化草原(主要指温带地区) 第二册温性草丛第三册暖性草丛
		第二十二卷稀树草丛 Savanna-like Grassland	2 (63)	第一册干热河谷稀树草丛第二册热带稀树草丛
4	荒漠 Desert	第二十三卷半乔木与灌木荒漠 Semi-Arbor and Shrub Desert	1 (64)	半乔木与灌木荒漠
4	荒漠 Desert	第二十四卷半灌木与草本荒漠 Semi-Shrub and Herb Desert	1 (65)	半灌木与草本荒漠
5	高山冻原与稀疏植被 Alpine Tundra and Sparse Vegetation	第二十五卷高山冻原 Alpine Tundra	1 (66)	高山冻原
		第二十六卷高山垫状植被 Alpine Cushion Vegetation	1 (67)	高山垫状植被
		第二十七卷高山稀疏植被 Alpine Sparse Vegetation	1 (68)	高山稀疏植被
6	沼泽与水生植被 Swamp and Aquatic Vegetation	第二十八卷木本沼泽 Woody Swamp	1 (69)	木本沼泽
		第二十九卷草本与苔藓沼泽 Herb and Moss Swamp	1 (70)	草本与苔藓沼泽
		第三十卷水生植被 Aquatic Vegetation	5 (75)	第一册藻类植被第二册沉水植被第三册漂浮植被第四册浮叶植被第五册挺水植被
7	农业植被 Agricultural Vegetation	第三十一卷粮食作物 Food Crop	5 (80)	第一册水稻第二册小麦第三册玉米第四册马铃薯第五册其他粮食作物
		第三十二卷油料作物 Oil Crop	5 (85)	第一册大豆第二册花生第三册油菜第四册木本油料作物第五册其他油料作物
序号 No.	植被型组 Vegetation Formation Group	植被志卷/植被型 Vegegraphy volume/Vegetation Formation	各卷册数 (总册数) Issues in the volume (Total number of issues)	植被志册/植被类型 Vegegraphy issue/Vegetation type
		第三十三卷纤维作物 Fiber Crop	1 (86)	棉花、苎麻、剑麻及其他
		第三十四卷糖料作物 Sugar Crop	1 (87)	甘蔗、甜菜及其他
		第三十五卷药用作物 Medicinal Crop	2 (89)	第一册木本药用植物(杜仲、金银花、木通、连翘、枇杷、乌药等) 第二册草本药用植物(人参、金线莲、甘草、艾、石斛、天麻、桔梗、黄连等)
		第三十六卷饮料作物 Beverage Crop	1 (90)	饮料作物(茶、咖啡、可可、椰子等)
		第三十七卷饲料作物 Forage Crop	5 (95)	第一册苜蓿第二册燕麦及青稞第三册甜高粱及青储玉米第四册构树及桑树第五册其他饲料作物
		第三十八卷烟草作物 Tobacco Crop	1 (96)	烟草及其他
		第三十九卷菜园 Vegetable Farm	3 (99)	第一册茎叶类菜园(大白菜、油菜、包心菜、茼蒿、菠菜、苋、莴笋、茭白等) 第二册果菜类菜园(番茄、茄、青椒、豆菜类等) 第三册根茎类菜园(萝卜、胡萝卜、莲藕、山药、芋头、大头菜等)
		第四十卷果园 Orchard	2 (101)	第一册温带果园(苹果、梨、桃、葡萄、杏、李、柿、山楂、石榴、猕猴桃、枣、西瓜、甜瓜、哈密瓜、其他瓜类) 第二册热带亚热带果园(芒果、香蕉、椰子、菠萝蜜、火龙果、榴莲、荔枝、桂圆、柑橘、百香果、猕猴桃、草莓等)
		第四十一卷花卉园 Flower Garden	2 (103)	第一册温带花卉园第二册热带亚热带花卉园
		第四十二卷其他经济作物 Other Cash Crops	1 (104)	其他经济作物
8	城市植被 Urban Vegetation	第四十三卷城市森林 Urban Forest	1 (105)	城市森林
		第四十四卷城市草地 Urban Grassland	1 (106)	城市草地
		第四十五卷城市湿地 Urban Wetland	1 (107)	城市湿地
		第四十六卷城市行道树 Urban Street Tree	1 (108)	城市行道树
		第四十七卷城市公园植被 Urban Park Vegetation	1 (109)	城市公园植被
9	无植被地段 Non-Vegetated Area	第四十八卷无植被地段 Non-Vegetated Area	1 (110)	无植被地段(各类戈壁、盐壳、裸露石山、裸露盐碱地、冰川积雪等)

《中国植被志》的植被分类系统、植被类型划分及编排体系

Vegetation classification system and classification of vegetation types used for the compilation of vegetation of China

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