关键词: 盐胁迫, 盐渍化土壤改良, 根际微生物, 植物-微生物互作, 生物修复

Abstract: Soil salinization is a major global environmental challenge that poses a serious threat to agricultural sustainability and ecosystem stability. Conventional physical and chemical remediation approaches are generally characterized by high costs and limited long-term sustainability, thereby restricting their large-scale practical application. In contrast, bioremediation based on plant-rhizosphere microbial interactions has attracted increasing attention because of its environmental compatibility and potential for ecosystem restoration. This review systematically analyzes the major mechanisms by which plant-rhizosphere microbial interactions improve saline soils, including the maintenance of ion homeostasis and alleviation of salt stress, nutrient mobilization and efficient utilization, improvement of rhizosphere microecology, and signal-mediated coordinated adaptation. It further summarizes strategies for the screening and construction of plant-microbe remediation combinations, remediation enhancement technologies, and sustainable application models. In addition, current research limitations are discussed, including insufficient understanding of interaction mechanisms, limited field validation, inadequate design of targeted plant-microbe combinations, and insufficient assessment of long-term ecological effects. Based on these limitations, future research should focus on: 1) elucidating the spatiotemporal dynamics of plant-rhizosphere microbial interactions and designing synthetic microbial communities; 2) conducting field-based in situ functional validation and identifying key influencing factors; 3) developing targeted remediation combinations for different types of saline soils; and 4) strengthening long-term ecological monitoring and implementing adaptive management. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant-rhizosphere microbial interactions in saline soil remediation and provides a theoretical reference for the application and promotion of related remediation technologies.

Key words: Salt stress, ?Saline soil improvement, Rhizosphere microorganisms, Plant-microbial interactions, Bioremediation