长白山过渡带红松和鱼鳞云杉径向生长对气候因子的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用树轮生态学方法, 研究了长白山阔叶红松林和暗针叶林过渡带优势树种红松(Pinus koraiensis)和鱼鳞云杉(Picea jezoensis var. komarovii)的生长特征及其与气候因子的关系, 以期揭示气候响应关系的种间差异性。结果表明, 红松和鱼鳞云杉年平均径向生长量与生理年龄显著相关, 红松先于鱼鳞云杉达到最大年生长量, 且红松年平均生长速率显著高于鱼鳞云杉(p < 0.001); 红松和鱼鳞云杉对气候的响应存在差异, 红松与7月份的月平均温度和降水显著正相关, 而鱼鳞云杉与5月平均温度显著正相关, 与5月降水显著负相关。响应面分析进一步证实, 红松生长主要与生长季温度和降水相关, 而生长季初期的降水是限制鱼鳞云杉生长的主要原因。全球变暖有利于红松径向生长, 红松种群有向高海拔上升的可能。

关键词: 气候因子, 树轮生态学, 鱼鳞云杉, 红松

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to reveal the climate sensitivity of Pinus koraiensis and Picea jezoensis var. komarovii.
Methods We used dendroecological methods to analyze growth characteristics and responses to climate of Pinus koraiensis and Picea jezoensis var. komarovii, dominant species in the transition of broad-leaved Korean pine forest and dark coniferous forest in Changbai Mountain, China, to reveal their climate sensitivity.
Important findings Radial growth of both species was significantly correlated with the age. Maximum annual growth occurred earlier in Pinus koraiensis than Picea jezoensis var. komarovii. Annual growth rate was significantly higher in Pinus koraiensis than Picea jezoensis var. komarovii (p < 0.001). Response to climate also differed. Radial growth of Pinus koraiensis was significantly positively correlated with monthly mean temperature in July and precipitation in September (p < 0.05). However, radial growth in Picea jezoensis var. komarovii was significantly positively related to monthly mean and maximum temperature in May and was negatively related to May precipitation. Results from response surface analysis suggested that radial growth was mainly controlled by the temperature and precipitation of the growing season, but precipitation during the early growing season was the most important factor for growth of Picea jezoensis var. komarovii. Global warming will favor radial growth of Pinus koraiensis, and this species will be able to extend to higher elevation.

Key words: climate factor, dendroecology, Picea jezoensis var. komarovii, Pinus koraiensis

高露双, 王晓明, 赵秀海. 长白山过渡带红松和鱼鳞云杉径向生长对气候因子的响应. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(1): 27-34. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00027

GAO Lu-Shuang, WANG Xiao-Ming, ZHAO Xiu-Hai. Response of Pinus koraiensis and Picea jezoensis var. komarovii to climate in the transition zone of Changbai Mountain, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(1): 27-34. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00027

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气象站 Weather station	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Elevation (m)	气象数据起始年 The beginning year for climate data
松江 Songjiang	42o32′ N, 128o15′ E	591	1958
二道 Erdao	42o43′ N, 128o12′ E	700	1960
长白山生态定位站 Ecological Research Station of Changbai Mountain	42o41′ N, 128o11′ E	740	1982
天池 Tianchi	42o01′ N, 128o05′ E	2 600	1958

气象站 Weather station	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Elevation (m)	气象数据起始年 The beginning year for climate data
松江 Songjiang	42o32′ N, 128o15′ E	591	1958
二道 Erdao	42o43′ N, 128o12′ E	700	1960
长白山生态定位站 Ecological Research Station of Changbai Mountain	42o41′ N, 128o11′ E	740	1982
天池 Tianchi	42o01′ N, 128o05′ E	2 600	1958

年表特征值 Characteristic values of chronologies	红松 Pinus koraiensis	鱼鳞云杉 Picea jezoensis var. komarovii
平均敏感度 Mean sensitivity	0.119	0.126
标准偏差 Standard deviation	0.14	0.15
一阶自相关系数 Autocorrelation order 1	0.408	0.462
公共区间 Common interval time span	107 years	133 years
树间平均相关系数 Mean correlations between trees	0.566	0.57
信噪比 Signal-to-noise ratio	7.383	5.373
总体代表性 Express population signal	0.88	0.84
第一主分量方差 Variance in first eigenvector	33.50%	35.22%

年表特征值 Characteristic values of chronologies	红松 Pinus koraiensis	鱼鳞云杉 Picea jezoensis var. komarovii
平均敏感度 Mean sensitivity	0.119	0.126
标准偏差 Standard deviation	0.14	0.15
一阶自相关系数 Autocorrelation order 1	0.408	0.462
公共区间 Common interval time span	107 years	133 years
树间平均相关系数 Mean correlations between trees	0.566	0.57
信噪比 Signal-to-noise ratio	7.383	5.373
总体代表性 Express population signal	0.88	0.84
第一主分量方差 Variance in first eigenvector	33.50%	35.22%

月份 Month	月平均温度 Monthly mean temperature		月最高温度 Monthly maximum temperature		月最低温度 Monthly minimum temperature		月降水量 Monthly precipitation
月份 Month	红松 Pinus koraiensis	鱼鳞云杉 Picea jezoensis var. komarovii	红松 Pinus koraiensis	鱼鳞云杉 Picea jezoensis var. komarovii	红松 Pinus koraiensis	鱼鳞云杉 Picea jezoensis var. komarovii	红松 Pinus koraiensis	鱼鳞云杉 Picea jezoensis var. komarovii
10	0.016 842	-0.148 610	0.144 202	-0.096 340	-0.008 030	-0.133 590	0.022 007	-0.026 140
11	0.045 559	-0.033 820	0.062 207	-0.138 050	0.116 282	-0.023 060	0.116 913	0.135 314
12	-0.041 140	0.017 396	-0.048 760	0.069 014	-0.075 900	-0.016 830	-0.073 260	-0.092 830
1	-0.061 620	-0.006 060	-0.018 220	-0.012 860	-0.061 140	-0.008 440	-0.071 820	0.154 860
2	0.007 696	-0.093 360	0.089 478	-0.056 980	0.036 983	-0.131 520	0.024 247	-0.020 790
3	0.055 464	-0.113 930	0.097 290	-0.095 060	0.045 146	-0.131 350	-0.026 790	-0.069 490
4	0.081 664	0.018 644	0.139 605	-0.031 780	-0.104 300	0.058 651	-0.098 390	0.197 255
5	-0.095 310	0.245 618^*	0.001 078	0.257 572^*	-0.160 240	0.011 220	0.031 262	-0.300 830^*
6	-0.078 740	0.011 415	0.056 267	0.087 162	-0.112 860	-0.075 860	0.037 770	-0.124 800
7	0.272 550^*	-0.108 090	0.235 536	-0.133 600	0.229 524	0.045 431	0.165 026	0.038 785
8	0.114 868	0.133 427	-0.025 770	0.028 028	0.206 359	0.117 503	0.199 656	-0.009 480
9	0.030 813	-0.061 030	-0.062 420	-0.155 970	0.096 529	0.033 930	0.291 068^*	0.102 847