灌溉条件下藏北紫花针茅光合特性及其对温度和CO2浓度的短期响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00311

植物生态学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 311-321.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00311

所属专题：青藏高原植物生态学：生理生态学

灌溉条件下藏北紫花针茅光合特性及其对温度和CO₂浓度的短期响应

郭亚奇¹^,², 阿里穆斯³^,⁴, 高清竹¹^,²^,^*(), 段敏杰¹^,², 干珠扎布¹^,², 万运帆¹^,², 李玉娥¹^,², 郭红保⁵

¹中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
²农业部农业环境与气候变化重点实验室, 北京 100081
³中央民族大学中国少数民族传统医学研究院, 北京 100081
⁴教育部中国少数民族传统医学重点实验室, 北京 100081
⁵西藏自治区那曲地区草原站, 西藏那曲 852100

收稿日期:2010-10-26 接受日期:2010-12-15 出版日期:2011-10-26 发布日期:2011-03-02
通讯作者: 高清竹
作者简介:*E-mail: gaoqzh@ami.ac.cn

Photosynthetic characteristics of Stipa purpurea under irrigation in northern Tibet and its short-term response to temperature and CO₂ concentration

GUO Ya-Qi¹^,², BORJIGIDAI Almaz³^,⁴, GAO Qing-Zhu¹^,²^,^*(), DUAN Min-Jie¹^,², GANZHU Zhabu¹^,², WAN Yun-Fan¹^,², LI Yu-E¹^,², GUO Hong-Bao⁵

¹Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
²Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment & Climate Change of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
³China Minority Traditional Medical Center, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
⁴Key Laboratory for Chinese Minority Traditional Medical of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China
⁵Nagqu Prefecture Grassland Station, Tibet Autonomous Region, Nagqu, Tibet 852100, China

Received:2010-10-26 Accepted:2010-12-15 Online:2011-10-26 Published:2011-03-02
Contact: GAO Qing-Zhu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定仪, 测定不同灌溉措施下紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)的光合特性对CO₂浓度和温度的响应, 探讨了土壤水分、温度和CO₂浓度升高对藏北高寒草地紫花针茅光合作用的影响。结果表明: 1)紫花针茅各项光合特性参数对CO₂浓度、温度和土壤水分的变化响应显著, 并表现出明显的交互作用; 2) CO₂浓度升高促进光合速率, 但CO₂浓度过高时光合速率反而下降; 温度升高抑制光合速率, 土壤水分增加对高温条件下的光合作用具有补偿作用; 土壤水分增加促进紫花针茅光合速率的升高; 3)随着CO₂浓度的升高, 胞间CO₂浓度逐渐增大, 蒸腾速率降低, 水分利用效率升高, 气孔导度逐渐减小, 且温度升高加剧气孔导度下降的程度。各光合参数在不同温度水平和土壤水分下表现不同: 气孔导度在20 ℃时达到最大值, 且土壤水分增加利于气孔导度的增大; 温度上升抑制了胞间CO₂浓度, 且在土壤水分充足的条件下更显著; 蒸腾速率随着温度的上升而加快, 蒸腾速率与土壤水分的正相关关系明显; 叶片饱和水汽压亏缺与温度成正比, 充足的土壤水分会适当降低饱和水汽压亏缺; 水分利用效率随着温度上升和土壤水分增多而减小。不同土壤水分条件下光合参数对温度的响应结果表明, 土壤水分的增加对较高温度下光合及其生理参数与温度的关系具有一定的补偿作用。

关键词: CO₂浓度, 光合作用, 土壤水分, 紫花针茅, 温度

Abstract:

Aims Stipa purpurea is a dominant species of alpine grassland in northern Tibet, a region sensitive to climate change. Environmental variations in temperature, water and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration caused by regional climate change should affect the photosynthetic physiology of plants. Our objective was to investigate the response of S. purpurea to environmental variation.
Methods We irrigated natural alpine grassland to imitate rainfall increasing soil moisture and then used a portable gas exchange system (LI-6400) to measure photosynthesis parameters at the irrigated field (H) and a natural field (CK). During measurement, we set three levels of leaf temperature (15, 20 and 25 °C) and gradually elevated CO₂ concentration from 50 to 1 500 μmol·mol^-1.
Important findings CO₂, temperature and soil moisture affected photosynthesis parameters of S. purpurea significantly, and interactions were apparent among these three factors. Rising CO₂ gradually increased net photosynthetic rate (P_n) until it decreased at extremely high CO₂. Higher temperature caused P_n to decrease, but sufficient water supply partially alleviated the negative effect. Sufficient water supply increased P_n. With rising CO₂, intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) increased, transpiration rate (T_r) decreased, water use efficiency (WUE) increased and stomatal conductance (G_s) decreased; higher temperature caused G_s to decrease faster. The photosynthesis parameters above were also impacted by the combined actions of humidity and temperature. G_s was maximized at 20 °C, and sufficient water supply increased G_s further. C_i increased with increased temperature, and this response was more pronounced with sufficient water. T_r was positively correlated with temperature and soil water. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was directly proportional to temperature and decreased with sufficient water. Increased temperature and increased water supply made WUE decline. Therefore, increased soil water had compensatory effects on the relationship between high temperature and photosynthetic parameters.

Key words: CO₂ concentration, photosynthesis, soil moisture, Stipa purpurea, temperature

郭亚奇, 阿里穆斯, 高清竹, 段敏杰, 干珠扎布, 万运帆, 李玉娥, 郭红保. 灌溉条件下藏北紫花针茅光合特性及其对温度和CO₂浓度的短期响应. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(3): 311-321. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00311

GUO Ya-Qi, BORJIGIDAI Almaz, GAO Qing-Zhu, DUAN Min-Jie, GANZHU Zhabu, WAN Yun-Fan, LI Yu-E, GUO Hong-Bao. Photosynthetic characteristics of Stipa purpurea under irrigation in northern Tibet and its short-term response to temperature and CO₂ concentration. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(3): 311-321. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00311

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00311

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I3/311

图/表 8

图1 生长季(6-9月)土壤水分的日动态。

Fig. 1 Daily variations of soil moisture during growing season from June to September.

图2 不同土壤水分和温度处理下紫花针茅叶片净光合速率(Pn)对CO2浓度的响应(平均值±标准偏差)。

Fig. 2 Response of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of Stipa purpurea leaves to CO2 concentration under different soil moisture and temperature treatments (mean ± SD).

图3 不同土壤水分和温度处理下紫花针茅叶片在CO2浓度为370和570 μmol·mol-1时净光合速率(Pn) (I)、气孔导度(Gs) (II)、蒸腾速率(Tr) (III)、饱和水汽压亏缺(VPD) (IV)的比较(平均值±标准偏差)。同一温度下, 标有相同字母的进行对比, 均用大写表示差异不显著(p > 0.05), 大小写不同表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Comparsion of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) (I), stomatal conductance (Gs) (II), transpiration rate (Tr) (III), vapour pressure deficit (VPD) (IV) of Stipa purpurea leaves at 370 and 570 μmol·mol-1 CO2 concentration under different soil moisture and temperatures (mean ± SD). Statistical analysis bars carrying same letter under the same temperature, having the same but case sensitive letter means significantly different at p < 0.05.

图4 不同土壤水分和温度处理下紫花针茅叶片气孔导度(Gs)对CO2浓度的响应(平均值±标准偏差)。

Fig. 4 Response of stomatal conductance (Gs) of Stipa purpurea leaves to CO2 concentration under different soil moisture and temperature treatments (mean ± SD).

图5 不同土壤水分和温度处理下紫花针茅叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)对CO2浓度的响应(平均值±标准偏差)。

Fig. 5 Response of transpiration rates (Tr) of Stipa purpurea leaves to CO2 concentration under different soil moisture and temperature treatments (mean ± SD).

图6 不同土壤水分和温度处理下紫花针茅叶片饱和水汽压亏缺(VPD)对CO2浓度的响应(平均值±标准偏差)。CK, 对照处理; H, 喷灌处理。

Fig. 6 Response of vapour pressure deficit (VPD) of Stipa purpurea leaves to CO2 concentration under different soil moisture and temperature treatments (mean ± SD). CK, control treatment; H, irrigation treatment.

图7 不同土壤水分和温度处理下紫花针茅叶片胞间CO2浓度(Ci)对外界CO2浓度的响应(平均值±标准偏差)。

Fig. 7 Response of intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of Stipa purpurea leaves to ambient CO2 concentration under different soil moisture and temperature treatments (mean ± SD).

图8 不同土壤水分处理(CK、H)和不同温度(15、20和25℃)下紫花针茅叶片水分利用效率(WUE)对CO2浓度的响应(平均值±标准偏差)。

Fig. 8 Response of water use efficiency (WUE) of Stipa purpurea leaves to CO2 concentration under different soil moisture and temperature treatments (mean ± SD).

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灌溉条件下藏北紫花针茅光合特性及其对温度和CO₂浓度的短期响应

Photosynthetic characteristics of Stipa purpurea under irrigation in northern Tibet and its short-term response to temperature and CO₂ concentration

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