浙江天童常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段地表凋落物的C:N:P化学计量特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00078

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地表凋落物在森林物质循环中起着重要作用, 但是目前缺乏对其不同分解层次中碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)演替动态的研究。该文以浙江天童常绿阔叶林为研究对象, 用空间代替时间序列的方法, 通过测定5个演替阶段地表凋落物不同分解层次的凋落物量、有机碳库和氮磷养分库的储量及C:N:P化学计量特征, 探讨地表凋落物特征的演替动态。结果表明: 1)随着演替的进行, 地表凋落物量和有机碳储量呈现下降的趋势。2)在各演替阶段, 有机碳含量在各分解层表现出未分解层(L) > 半分解层(F) > 已分解层(Y)的趋势; 有机碳储量均表现为Y < F。3)演替前期群落氮含量和储量显著低于演替中后期群落; 不同分解层的氮含量在各演替阶段皆表现为: Y > F > L, 且各层氮含量随着演替的进行均趋于升高。4)磷含量在演替中期群落最低, 各演替阶段不同分解层的磷含量皆表现为Y > F > L。磷储量的演替趋势不明显。L层磷储量随着演替进行趋于降低。5)随着演替进行, 凋落物C:N、C:P和N:P皆趋于下降(p < 0.05)。在各分解层之间, C:N和C:P皆表现为Y < F < L, N:P差异不显著。总之, 随着演替进行, 天童常绿阔叶林地表凋落物量降低, 有机碳库及氮磷养分库的含量趋于升高, 储量趋向降低, C:N:P趋于下降, 体现了生态系统碳和养分循环随着演替进行在不断优化。

关键词: 碳库, 分解层, 地表凋落物, 凋落物量, 养分库, 演替

Abstract:

Aims The role that litter plays is essential for shaping C, N and P cycling in forest ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate how organic C, N and P in differently decomposed litter layers would vary with forest succession.
Methods The study site is located in Tiantong National Forest Park, Zhejiang Province, China. Stands of five successional stages were selected to measure forest floor litter mass and concentrations of C, N and P in litter samples for each of the un-decomposed layer (L), the semi-decomposed layer (F), and the decomposed layer (Y). The successional dynamics of forest floor litter mass and C, N and P were then analyzed.
Important findings Along the forest succession gradient, forest floor litter mass and C stock decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Across successional stages, litter C concentration was greatest in the L layer, intermediate in the F layer, and lowest in the Y layer. C stock was larger in the Y layer than in the F layer (p < 0.05). Both concentration and stock of N were significantly lower in the early successional stage than in the intermediate and late successional stages (p < 0.05). Amongst different layers, N concentration showed an increasing trend with succession, and a decreasing trend from the top to the bottom litter layers (Y > F > L). P concentration was lowest in the intermediate successional stage relative to other two stages, and ranked in the order of Y > F > L among the three litter layers of differential decompositions. There was no apparent successional trend in P stock for the whole litter horizon, but in the L layer, P stock decreased with forest succession. With the succession, litter C:N, C:P and N:P decreased (p < 0.05). Among the litter layers of different decompositions, C:N and C:P were in the order of Y < F < L, whereas N:P showed no apparent trend. Overall, during the secondary forest succession of evergreen broadleaved forests in Tiantong region, forest floor litter mass and stocks of C, N and P in litter horizon decreased, but concentrations of C, N and P increased. The patterns of C, N and P among differently decomposed layers demonstrate that C and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems is optimized with succession.

Key words: carbon pool, decomposed layer, forest floor litter, litter mass, nutrient pool, succession

马文济, 赵延涛, 张晴晴, Ali ARSHAD, 史青茹, 阎恩荣. 浙江天童常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段地表凋落物的C:N:P化学计量特征. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(8): 833-842. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00078

MA Wen-Ji, ZHAO Yan-Tao, ZHANG Qing-Qing, Ali ARSHAD, SHI Qing-Ru, YAN En-Rong. C:N:P stoichiometry in forest floor litter of evergreen broad-leaved forests at different successional stages in Tiantong, Zhejiang, eastern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(8): 833-842. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00078

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图/表 7

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演替阶段和群落类型 Successional stage and community type	年龄 Age (a)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope	坡向 Aspect	高度 Height (m)	盖度 Coverage (%)	主要优势种 Dominant species
I: 柯+檵木灌丛 Lithocarpus glaber + Loropetalum chinense shrub	17	164	25°	SE 20°	5	100	柯 Lithocarpus glaber 檵木 Loropetalum chinense
II: 马尾松群落 Pinus massoniana community	60	135	15°	SE 10°	16	95	马尾松 Pinus massoniana
III: 马尾松+木荷群落 Pinus massoniana + Schima superba community	70	121	5°	SE 45°	15-20	95	马尾松 Pinus massoniana 木荷 Schima superba 栲 Castanopsis fargesii
IV: 木荷群落 Schima superba community	90	163	20°	SE 70°	20	95	木荷 Schima superba
V: 栲群落 Castanopsis fargesii community	150	196	26°	SE 45°	25	90	栲 Castanopsis fargesii

演替阶段和群落类型 Successional stage and community type	年龄 Age (a)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope	坡向 Aspect	高度 Height (m)	盖度 Coverage (%)	主要优势种 Dominant species
I: 柯+檵木灌丛 Lithocarpus glaber + Loropetalum chinense shrub	17	164	25°	SE 20°	5	100	柯 Lithocarpus glaber 檵木 Loropetalum chinense
II: 马尾松群落 Pinus massoniana community	60	135	15°	SE 10°	16	95	马尾松 Pinus massoniana
III: 马尾松+木荷群落 Pinus massoniana + Schima superba community	70	121	5°	SE 45°	15-20	95	马尾松 Pinus massoniana 木荷 Schima superba 栲 Castanopsis fargesii
IV: 木荷群落 Schima superba community	90	163	20°	SE 70°	20	95	木荷 Schima superba
V: 栲群落 Castanopsis fargesii community	150	196	26°	SE 45°	25	90	栲 Castanopsis fargesii

	I	II	III	IV	V
已分解层 Decomposed layer	4.75 ± 0.42^Ab(23.08)	3.10 ± 0.32^Aa(18.34)	2.83 ± 0.19^Aa(21.71)	4.55 ± 0.64^Ab(29.49)	3.48 ± 0.38^Aa(26.52)
半分解层 Semi-decomposed layer	7.88 ± 0.84^Bb(37.98)	7.03 ± 0.39^Bab(41.42)	5.85 ± 0.47^Ca(45.74)	6.80 ± 0.61^Bab(43.59)	5.90 ± 0.36^Ba(44.70)
未分解层 Un-decomposed layer	8.13 ± 0.65^Bc (38.94)	6.78 ± 0.45^Bb(40.24)	4.18 ± 0.39^Ba(32.56)	4.20 ± 0.38^Aa(26.92)	3.80 ± 0.28^Aa(28.79)
总计 Total	20.75 ± 1.81^c	16.90 ± 0.88^b	12.85 ± 0.72^a	15.55 ± 1.02^b	13.18 ± 0.61^a

	I	II	III	IV	V
已分解层 Decomposed layer	4.75 ± 0.42^Ab(23.08)	3.10 ± 0.32^Aa(18.34)	2.83 ± 0.19^Aa(21.71)	4.55 ± 0.64^Ab(29.49)	3.48 ± 0.38^Aa(26.52)
半分解层 Semi-decomposed layer	7.88 ± 0.84^Bb(37.98)	7.03 ± 0.39^Bab(41.42)	5.85 ± 0.47^Ca(45.74)	6.80 ± 0.61^Bab(43.59)	5.90 ± 0.36^Ba(44.70)
未分解层 Un-decomposed layer	8.13 ± 0.65^Bc (38.94)	6.78 ± 0.45^Bb(40.24)	4.18 ± 0.39^Ba(32.56)	4.20 ± 0.38^Aa(26.92)	3.80 ± 0.28^Aa(28.79)
总计 Total	20.75 ± 1.81^c	16.90 ± 0.88^b	12.85 ± 0.72^a	15.55 ± 1.02^b	13.18 ± 0.61^a

	I	II	III	IV	V
已分解层 Decomposed layer	0.96 ± 0.12^Aa(18.15)	0.69 ± 0.09^Aa(15.90)	0.50 ± 0.04^Aa(15.77)	1.09 ± 0.13^Ab(23.49)	0.84 ± 0.11^Aa(23.14)
半分解层 Semi-decomposed layer	2.15 ± 0.22^Bab(40.64)	1.89 ± 0.20^Ba(43.55)	1.52 ± 0.14^Ba(47.95)	2.11 ± 0.14^Bab(45.47)	1.66 ± 0.13^Ba(45.73)
未分解层 Un-decomposed layer	2.35 ± 0.30^Bb(44.42)	1.91 ± 0.13^Bab(44.01)	1.25 ± 0.09^Ba(39.43)	1.44 ± 0.15^Aa(31.03)	1.16 ± 0.08^Aa(31.96)
总计 Total	5.29 ± 0.61^b	4.34 ± 0.30^b	3.17 ± 0.20^a	4.64 ± 0.26^b	3.63 ± 0.22^a