农田冬小麦生长和产量对臭氧动态暴露的响应

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

评估臭氧(O₃)污染对农田冬小麦生长和产量的影响是污染生态学和生理生态学研究的重要内容之一。该研究运用开顶式气室(OTC),对冬小麦‘嘉403’(Triticum aestivum cv. Jia 403)进行了O₃动态暴露的田间原位试验。实验设置过滤空气组(CF) 、自然大气组(NF)和两个不同浓度的O₃动态暴露组(DO100和DO150)。结果表明:1) O₃浓度增加,一方面可以改变灌浆期冬小麦叶片气体交换参数的日变化规律;另一方面引起表观光量子产额、光饱和点和光补偿点等光响应参数的显著降低。这表明灌浆期叶片光合能力的下降是气孔因素和非气孔因素共同作用的结果。2) O₃暴露可以改变小麦形态特征,如植株变矮、叶片衰老加速、叶面积变小,并最终导致产量大幅下降。

关键词: 臭氧, 冬小麦, 气体交换参数, 光合作用, 产量构成

Abstract:

Aims Ozone is a prominent gas pollutant that adversely affects vegetation, including visible leaf injury, growth and yield reduction. Our objective was to assess photosynthesis, growth and yield responses of field-grown wheat to increased ozone.
Methods We planted winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Jia 403) in 12 plots of 2 m×2 m on 7 November 2005. After the wheat greened, we established 12 open-top octagonal (2.2 m high, 2 m diameter) chambers on 1 March 2006. Except rainy days, wheat was exposed to charcoal-filtered air, unfiltered air, and two treatments with ozone addition (DO100, DO150) from 13 March to 28 April 2006, for 8 h per day, for a total of 30 days. We measured diurnal gas exchange and P_n-PAR response curves of flag leaves at the early grain filling stage (after 25 days exposure to ozone) and components of yield at harvest.
Important findings High concentration of ozone altered gas exchange parameters, including stomatal conductance (G_s), leaf photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i). Apparent quantum yield (AQY), light saturation point (LSP) and light compensation point (LCP) were significantly decreased, suggesting photosynthetic capacity could also be changed, characterized as reduced photon-saturated photosynthetic rate (P_max). The decrease of photosynthetic activity was probably dominated by non-stomatal factors in combination with stomatal closure. In addition, ozone exposure caused leaf aging and decreases in plant height, ear length and number of grains per ear. Although similar responses were observed in plants exposed to ambient ozone concentration, we found no statistically significant differences at current concentration. We concluded that dynamic ozone exposure detrimentally affects photosynthesis, growth and yield of winter wheat.

Key words: ozone, winter wheat, gas exchange parameter, photosynthesis, yield

姚芳芳, 王效科, 陈展, 冯兆忠, 郑启伟, 段晓男, 欧阳志云, 冯宗炜. 农田冬小麦生长和产量对臭氧动态暴露的响应. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(1): 212-219. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.025

YAO Fang-Fang, WANG Xiao-Ke, CHEN Zhan, FENG Zhao-Zhong, ZHENG Qi-Wei, DUAN Xiao-Nan, OUYANG Zhi-Yun, FENG Zong-Wei. RESPONSE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, GROWTH AND YIELD OF FIELD-GROWN WINTER WHEAT TO OZONE EXPOSURE. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(1): 212-219. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.025

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.025

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I1/212

图/表 11

图1 动态暴露装置示意图 1:减压阀 Reductor 2:稳压器 Regulator

Fig.1 The sketch of dynamic exposure equipment

图2 两种O3动态暴露的配气方案 DO100:平均浓度为100 nl·L-1的臭氧动态暴露组 DO150:平均浓度为150 nl·L-1的臭氧动态暴露组

Fig.2 The treatments method of two ozone dynamic exposure groups Ozone dynamic exposure group with mean concentration of 100 nl·L-1 Ozone dynamic exposure group with mean concentration of 150 nl·L-1

图3 不同O3动态暴露处理对灌浆初期小麦叶片光合速率日变化的影响 DO100、DO150: 见图2 See Fig. 2 CF: 过滤空气组 Charcoal filter group NF: 自然大气组 Non-charcoal filter group

Fig.3 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on the diurnal trends of photosynthetic rate of wheat leaves on the early grain filling stage

图4 不同O3动态暴露处理对小麦叶片Pn-PAR响应曲线的影响 Pn: Photosythetic rate PAR:Photosynthetically active radiation DO100、DO150: 见图2 See Fig. 2 CF、NF: 见图3 See Fig. 3

Fig.4 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on the Pn-PAR response curve of wheat leaves

表1 不同O3动态暴露处理对冬小麦叶片光响应参数的影响(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on comparison of photosynthetic characteristics (Mean±SE)

处理 Treatments	最大光合速率P_n_max (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	光量子产额AQY (mol·mol^-1)	光饱和点LSP (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	光补偿点LCP (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
CF	23.1±2.51^a	0.063±0.001^a	1252±38^a	89.44±4.85^a
NF	19.1±2.39^ab	0.058±0.005^a	1095±47^b	38.90±8.94^cd
DO100	13.8±1.34^bc	0.045±0.003^b	906±42^c	33.51±7.96^d
DO150	9.0±0.66^c	0.032±0.002^c	902±31^c	59.96±7.45^bc

图5 不同O3动态暴露处理对灌浆初期小麦叶片气孔导度(Gs)日变化的影响 DO100、DO150: 见图2 See Fig. 2 CF、NF: 见图3 See Fig. 3

Fig.5 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on the diurnal trends of stomatal conductance (Gs) of wheat leaves on the early grain filling stage

图6 不同O3动态暴露处理对灌浆初期小麦叶片胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔限制值(Ls)的影响 DO100、DO150: 见图2 See Fig. 2 CF、NF: 见图3 See Fig. 3 不同字母表示在5%水平上差异显著 Different letters stand for significant difference at p<0.05 level

Fig.6 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and stomal limit value (Ls) of wheat leaves on the early grain filling stage

图7 不同O3动态暴露处理对灌浆初期小麦叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用率(WUE)的影响图注同图6 Notes see Fig. 6

Fig.7 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on the transpiration rate (Tr) and water usage efficiency (WUE) of wheat leaves on the early grain filling stage

表2 不同O3动态暴露处理对冬小麦生育期间株高的影响(cm)(平均值±标准误)

Table 2 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on the plant height during wheat growth and development (cm) (Mean±SE)

处理 Treatment	拔节前期 Early jointing stage	拔节后期 Later jointing stage	孕穗期 Booting stage	扬花期 Anthesis stage
CF	34.1±0.46^a	51.6±0.36^a	65.5±0.34^a	80.9±0.35^a
NF	33.7±0.64^a	51.5±0.54^a	64.8±0.66^a	80.1±0.74^a
DO100	33.7±0.62^a	48.2±0.42^b	60.0±0.74^b	78.2±0.82^b
DO150	33.6±0.42^a	48.6±0.56^b	60.4±0.87^b	76.7±0.44^b

表3 不同O3动态暴露处理对冬小麦生育期间叶面积的影响(cm2·单茎-1)(平均值±标准误)

Table 3 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on the leaf areaduring wheat growth and development (cm2·stem-1) (Mean±SE)

处理 Treatment	扬花期 Anthesis stage	灌浆期 Grain filling stage
CF	94.0±7.7^a	48.7±4.9^a
NF	88.4±4.4^a	38.2±4.1^b
DO100	64.7±6.4^b	11.9±2.3^c
DO150	50.9±5.4^b	5.04±2.7^c

表4 不同O3动态暴露处理对冬小麦产量构成的影响(平均值±标准误)

Table 4 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on the yield structure (Mean±SE)

产量构成 Yield structure	穗长 Ear length (cm)	小穗数/穗 Spiklets/ear	粒数/穗 Grain/ear	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	千粒重 1 000 grain weight (g)	单茎产量 Yield per stem (g)
CF	11.08±0.36^a	17.9±0.74^a	46.9±3.93^a	94.7±4.44^a	37.4±1.37^a	1.52±0.07^a
NF	11.02±0.53^a	17.7±0.95^a	46.2±4.25^a	94.6±2.92^a	32.0±0.78^ab	1.35±0.17^ab
DO100	9.95±0.47^b	16.4±1.06^a	33.5±3.29^b	86.3±6.47^ab	29.7±1.20^b	1.10±0.15^b
DO150	9.40±0.58^b	17.1±1.58^a	24.1±3.75^c	74.7±9.35^b	24.1±0.75^c	0.91±0.05^b

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