CO2浓度增加和不同氮肥水平对冬小麦根系呼吸及生物量的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.04.022

植物生态学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 922-931.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.04.022

CO₂浓度增加和不同氮肥水平对冬小麦根系呼吸及生物量的影响

寇太记¹^,²(), 朱建国¹^,^*(), 谢祖彬¹, 刘钢¹, 曾青¹

1 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
2 河南科技大学农学院, 洛阳 471003

收稿日期:2006-10-11 接受日期:2007-08-11 出版日期:2008-10-11 发布日期:2008-07-30
通讯作者: 朱建国
作者简介:*E-mail:jgzhu@issas.ac.cn
ktj1975@sohu.com
基金资助:
国家973项目(CCDMCTE-2002CB412502);中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-440);国家自然科学基金重点基金项目(40231003);国家自然科学基金重点基金项目(40110817);国家自然科学基金重点基金项目(40271061);江苏省基金(BK2006252)

EFFECT OF ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO₂ CONCENTRATION AND LEVEL OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON ROOT RESPIRATION AND BIOMASS OF WINTER WHEAT

KOU Tai-Ji¹^,²(), ZHU Jian-Guo¹^,^*(), XIE Zu-Bin¹, LIU Gang¹, ZENG Qing¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
²College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China

Received:2006-10-11 Accepted:2007-08-11 Online:2008-10-11 Published:2008-07-30
Contact: ZHU Jian-Guo

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

依托FACE(Free-air CO₂ enrichment)研究平台, 利用特制分根集气生长箱, 采用静态箱-GC(Gas chromatography)法, 连续两年研究了大气CO₂浓度升高和不同氮肥水平对冬小麦拔节期、孕穗抽穗期和灌浆末期的根系呼吸及生物量的影响。两季结果表明, CO₂浓度升高和高氮肥量均不同程度地增加了3个阶段的地上部和地下部的生物量, 这有利于增加根茬的还田量; CO₂浓度升高对冬小麦不同生长阶段的根系呼吸影响不同, 在拔节期影响较小;孕穗抽穗期显著增加了根系呼吸, 2004~2005季分别增加33.8%(148.1 mg N·kg^-1 干土, HN)和43.9%(88.9 mg N·kg^-1 干土, LN), 2005~2006季分别为23.8%(HN)和28.9%(LN); 而灌浆末期显著降低了根系呼吸, 2004~2005季分别降低31.4%(HN)和23.3%(LN), 2005~2006季分别为25.1%(HN)和18.5%(LN); 高施氮量比低施氮量促进了根系呼吸; 随着作物生长根系呼吸与地下生物量呈显著线性负相关, 高CO₂环境中的R²变小,表明随着作物生长发育高CO₂浓度降低了作物根系呼吸与地下部生物量积累间的相关性.

关键词: CO₂浓度升高, 冬小麦, 根系呼吸, 地下部生物量, 地上部生物量, 氮肥水平

Abstract:

Aims Understanding belowground processes will help in determining the potential feedback of soil C storage on increased atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Information on root respiration and biomass are important for understanding implications of environmental change on soil carbon cycling and sequestration. Because cropland is an important terrestrial ecosystem within the global climate change context, separately quantifying the response of crop root respiration and biomass to CO₂ enrichment has important implications for agro-ecosystems, for predicting the magnitude and direction of soil C feedbacks. We observe them in a field experiment and evaluate the potential effect of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration.

Methods We used a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) system and static chamber-GC (gas chromatography) method to study the effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration and nitrogen fertilizer on root respiration and biomass of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Yangmai 14) during two consecutive seasons, determined by a novel split root growth and gas collection system.

Important finding Both elevated CO₂ concentration and high nitrogen (HN, 148.1 mg N·kg^-1 dry soil weight) application enhanced above- and belowground biomass in three different growth stages. The increase in belowground biomass under elevated CO₂ concentration favors more residual roots to revert to field. Elevated CO₂ concentration significantly stimulated root respiration at the booting-heading stages, which increased by 33.8% and 43.9% in 2004-2005, and by 23.8% and 28.9% in 2005-2006 in both high and low nitrogen (LN, 88.9 mg N·kg^-1 dry soil weight) application, respectively, and significantly depressed root respiration at the late of filling stage by 31.4% and 23.3% in 2004-2005, and by 25.1% and 18.5% in 2005-2006 in both HN and LN treatments, respectively; however, no significant effect was found at the jointing stage. High nitrogen application promoted more root respiration than low nitrogen. While a significantly negative liner correlation between root respiration rate and belowground biomass was observed, the R² of correlative coefficient under elevated CO₂ concentration was small, which showed elevated CO₂ concentrationreduced the correlation of both root respiration and accumulation of belowground biomass with wheat growing.

Key words: elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration, wheat, root respiration, belowground biomass, aboveground biomass, nitrogen fertilizer

寇太记, 朱建国, 谢祖彬, 刘钢, 曾青. CO₂浓度增加和不同氮肥水平对冬小麦根系呼吸及生物量的影响. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(4): 922-931. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.04.022

KOU Tai-Ji, ZHU Jian-Guo, XIE Zu-Bin, LIU Gang, ZENG Qing. EFFECT OF ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO₂ CONCENTRATION AND LEVEL OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON ROOT RESPIRATION AND BIOMASS OF WINTER WHEAT. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(4): 922-931. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.04.022

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.04.022

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I4/922

图/表 4

图1 分根-集气生长箱 a: 顶部密封盖 Top cover b: 密封水槽 Water groove c: 密封底托 Bottom cover d: 集气生长室 Root-washed chamber e: 供养室 Root-unwashed chamber f: 根生长小孔 Root growth hole g: 植苗室 Seed-sowed chamber i: 抽气孔 Gas-collection septum h1、h2: 箱高 Chamber height

Fig. 1 Split-root growth-gas collection chamber (SRGGCC)

表1 高CO2浓度对冬小麦拔节期、孕穗抽穗期和灌浆末期生物量的影响

Table 1 Effect of elevated CO2 on winter wheat biomass in jointing (JS), booting-heading (BS) and late of filling stages (LS)

生物量 Biomass	处理 Treatment	2004~2005			2005~2006
生物量 Biomass	处理 Treatment	拔节期 JS	孕穗抽穗期 BS	灌浆末期 LS	拔节期 JS	孕穗抽穗期 BS	灌浆末期 LS
地下部生物量 Belowground biomass	FHN	70.2±7.9^a	82.1±4.8^a	88.7±11.5^a	98.4±7.9^a	113.6±7.1^a	122.6±5.4^a
	AHN	60.6±2.7^ab	76.3±3.7^ab	78.5±11.2^a	76.2±14.0^b	101.1±6.5^ab	109.7±3.8^b
	FLN	57.8±5.3^bc	74.5±1.6^c	77.7±2.4^a	79.8±8.9^ab	90.4±13.8^bc	113.7±4.0^ab
	ALN	53.3±2.6^c	67.4±4.3^c	71.8±3.2^a	58.6±2.8^c	79.5±12.6^c	85.8±3.1^c
因素效应 Factor effect	CO₂	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	*
	N	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns
	CO₂*N	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass	FH	208.1±23.3^a	468.1±2.5^a	1105.1±80.2^a	679.7±62.0^a	1109.3±108.5^a	2164.9±137.5^a
	AH	163.3±10.1^ab	439.7±7.7^a	978.5±79.0^b	461.6±74.3^b	1008.9±51.6^ab	1974.4±69.8^ab
	FL	154.3±13.5^c	451.6±23.7^a	916.0±55.8^bc	291.7±23.8^c	792.8±113.4^b	1935.7±75.2^b
	AL	136.7±9.9^c	372.1±38.5^b	855.6±38.5^c	186.7±13.7^c	543±107.3^c	1327.3±127.0^c
因素效应 Factor effect	CO₂	*	*	*	*	ns	*
	N	**	*	**	**	**	*
	CO₂*N	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

图2 各处理在不同生长阶段的根系呼吸 JS, BS, LS: 分别表示拔节期,孕穗抽穗期和灌浆末期 Represent jointing, booting-heading and late of filling stage of wheat growth, respectively

Fig. 2 Root respiration of different treatments in different stages AHN、FHN、ALN、FLN同表1 See Table 1

图3 根系呼吸随着冬小麦生长与地下生物量的关系图(1)、(2)、(3)和(4)分别表示FHN、FLN、AHN和ALN处理 The sub-figure (1), (2), (3) and (4) represent FHN, FLN, AHN and ALN treatment, respectively FHN, FLN, AHN, ALN同表1 See Table 1 *、**、***: 分别表示显著水平为p<0.05, p<0.01和p<0.001 Significant at the 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 level, respectively

Fig. 3 The relationship of root respiration and belowground biomass with winter wheat growth over time

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CO₂浓度增加和不同氮肥水平对冬小麦根系呼吸及生物量的影响

EFFECT OF ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO₂ CONCENTRATION AND LEVEL OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON ROOT RESPIRATION AND BIOMASS OF WINTER WHEAT

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