C4荒漠植物猪毛菜与木本猪毛菜的叶片解剖结构及光合生理特征

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了比较C₄荒漠植物猪毛菜(Salsola collina)和木本猪毛菜(S. arbuscula)的抗旱结构和适应环境的光合作用特征, 在二者混生的群落中, 选择代表性植株, 采集叶片进行叶片解剖结构分析, 在自然条件下测定了二者叶片的气体交换参数。研究结果表明：猪毛菜叶片具表皮毛, 具有更发达的薄壁贮水组织;木本猪毛菜叶片具有更厚的角质层, 表皮下有1层下皮细胞, 其栅栏组织细胞较长, 排列更紧密。猪毛菜的净光合速率明显高于木本猪毛菜, 日平均值分别为21.5和15.7 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1。猪毛菜的蒸腾速率也明显高于木本猪毛菜, 日平均值分别为14.9和10.2 mmol·m^-2·s^-1。猪毛菜和木本猪毛菜的水分利用效率的日平均值分别为1.39和1.53 μmol CO₂·mmol^-1H₂O, 特别是在14:00时分别为1.61和2.30 μmol CO₂·mmol^-1H₂O, 木本猪毛菜高出猪毛菜约42%。猪毛菜的光补偿点低于木本猪毛菜, 而光饱和点和光量子效率较高, 具有更低的CO₂补偿点。这表明：二者的旱生结构不同, 木本猪毛菜具有更显著的荒漠植物特征;在适于二者混生的环境下, 猪毛菜比木本猪毛菜的光合能力更强, 而木本猪毛菜的水分利用效率更高。

关键词: 猪毛菜, 木本猪毛菜, 光合作用, C₄荒漠植物

Abstract:

Aims We studied the physiological and ecological characteristics of Salsola collina and S. arbuscula in order to provide a theoretical basis for understanding their physiological and ecological mechanisms of adaptation to their habitats.

Methods We chose representative plants and collected mature leaves for anatomical structure analysis, measured leaf gas exchange parameters under natural conditions in their mixed community and compared drought structures and photosynthetic characteristics of the two species.

Important findings Salsola collina leaves had epidermal hairs and more developed water storage parenchyma. Salsola arbuscula leaves had thicker cuticles with a layer of hypodermal cells under them, and the palisade cells were longer and arranged more densely. The net photosynthetic rate of S. collina was significantly higher than that of S. arbuscula, with daily mean values of 21.5 and 15.7 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1, respectively. The transpiration rate of S. collina was also higher than S. arbuscula, with daily mean values of 14.9 and 10.2 mmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively. The daily mean values of water use efficiency of S. collina and S. arbuscula were 1.39 and 1.53 μmol CO₂·mmol^-1H₂O, respectively; especially at 14:00, they were 1.61 and 2.30 μmol CO₂·mmol^-1H₂O, respectively,S. arbuscula was 42% higher than S. collina approximately. The light compensation point and CO₂ compensation point of S. collina were lower and its light saturation point and photo-quantum efficiency were higher than S. arbuscula. These findings indicate that the drought structures of the two species are different, and S. arbuscula has more desert plant features. In the community suitable for the growth of both species, the photosynthetic capacity of S. collina was stronger than S. arbuscula, and the water use efficiency of S. arbuscula was higher.

Key words: Salsola collina, Salsola arbuscula, photosynthesis, C₄desert species

高松, 苏培玺, 严巧娣, 丁松爽, 张岭梅. C₄荒漠植物猪毛菜与木本猪毛菜的叶片解剖结构及光合生理特征. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(2): 347-354. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.012

GAO Song, SU Pei-Xi, YAN Qiao-Di, DING Song-Shuang, ZHANG Ling-Mei. LEAF ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF C₄ DESERT SPECIES SALSOLA COLLINA ANDS. ARBUSCULA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(2): 347-354. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.012

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.012

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I2/347

图/表 5

图1~4 猪毛菜和木本猪毛菜叶片横切面 1: 猪毛菜叶的横切面 Transverse section of S. collina leaves 2: 猪毛菜叶横切面的局部放大图 Partial enlargement of transverse section of S. collina leaves 3: 木本猪毛菜叶的横切面 Transverse section of S. arbuscula leaves, bar = 0.1 mm 4: 木本猪毛菜叶横切面的局部放大图 Partial enlargement of transverse section of S. arbuscula leaves BS: 维管束鞘细胞 Bundle sheath cells CI: 含晶细胞 Crystal idioblast EH: 表皮毛 Epidermal hairs P: 栅栏组织 Palisade tissue VB: 维管束 Vascular bundle WS: 贮水组织 Water storage tissue

Figs. 1–4 Transverse sections of leaves of Salsola collina and S. arbuscula under light microscope

图5 气象因子日变化曲线

Fig. 5 Daily changes of meterological factors

图6 净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度及水分利用效率的日变化

Fig. 6 Daily changes of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency

图7 两种荒漠植物的净光合速率对光合有效辐射和CO2浓度升高的响应

Fig. 7 Responses of net photosynthetic rate of two desert species to different photosynthetically available radiations (PAR) and CO2 concentrations

表1 猪毛菜和木本猪毛菜的光合生理参数

Table 1 Photosynthetic and physiological parameters in the leaves of Salsola collina and S. arbuscula

植物种 Species	光补偿点 Light compensation point (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	光饱和点 Light saturation point (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	表观量子效率 Apparent quantum yield (mol·mol^-1)	暗呼吸速率 Dark respiration (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	CO₂补偿点 CO₂ compensation point (μmol·mol^-1)
猪毛菜 Salsola collina	152***	–	0.085***	14.3***	7**
木本猪毛菜 S. arbuscula	220***	1 820***	0.045***	10.2***	9**

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C₄荒漠植物猪毛菜与木本猪毛菜的叶片解剖结构及光合生理特征

LEAF ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF C₄ DESERT SPECIES SALSOLA COLLINA ANDS. ARBUSCULA

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