两种类型小麦品种分蘖成穗对群体环境的响应与调控

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨不同类型小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种分蘖成穗特性及对群体环境的响应, 寻求合理播种方式的调控参数, 在大田试验条件下, 对两类品种单株稀植与不同播种方式所构成的不同群体进行了对比研究。结果表明, 单株稀植时, 两类品种均具有较高的分蘖潜力, 中多穗型品种‘济麦20’和‘鲁麦14’单株平均成穗数为40.58和44.34个, 大穗型品种‘山农8355’和‘兰考矮早八’为24.33和23.20个, 成穗率存在着显著的基因型差异; 进入不同播种方式的群体环境后, 中多穗型品种每株平均成穗数降至3.37和3.85个, 降低率分别为91.70%和91.32%, 大穗型品种每株成穗1.82和1.36个, 分别降低92.52%和94.14%; 证明群体环境对分蘖成穗的影响比遗传因素更强烈, 且大穗型品种分蘖成穗特性对群体环境的响应较中多穗型敏感。播种方式可有效地调控群体结构, 条播的经济产量显著高于撒播, 条播行距配置对产量的影响因品种类型而异; 中多穗型行距在23.4-23.9 cm、大穗型在16.5-16.9 cm时产量最高; 撒播和窄行条播可有效地增加单位面积穗数, 提高挑旗和灌浆中期群体中、上层的光截获率, 而千粒重和穗粒数却随之降低。播种方式对挑旗后群体内部CO₂浓度有微弱的影响。

关键词: 群体环境, 播种方式, 分蘖潜力, 品种类型, 冬小麦

Abstract:

Aims Wheat (Triticum aestivum) tillering characteristics provide an important basis for controlling population dynamic structure. However, studies on maximum tillering potential and different sowing methods and row spacings are lacking for different varieties. Our objective was to examine the maximum tillering potential and explore proper sowing methods and row allocation to increase the yield of different tillering types.

Methods The experiment was conducted on the farm of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China, using large-spike (Shannong 8355 and Lankao Aizao 8) and multiple-spike (Jimai 20 and Lumai 14) cultivars. Broadcast and seed drilling (row spacing of 30, 25, 20 and 15 cm) treatments were used in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Every treatment added dibble seeding with 30 cm plant spacing. Plot area is 8 m².

Important findings The two types have higher tillering ability with dibble seeding, but there are significant differences in spike number and spike rate. Canopy microclimate has greater influence on the two types than do genetic factors. The large-spike cultivar has a higher degree of response on the colony environment than the multiple-spike cultivar. Canopy structure can be effectively controlled by seeding mode. Drilling makes significantly higher economic yield than broadcast seeding. The degree of response to row spacing differs among the varieties. It is suggested that a suitable combination of cultivar and row spacing could effectively increase grain yield, with the row spacing 23.4-23.9 cm for multiple-spike cultivars and 16.5-16.9 cm for large-spike cultivars. Broadcast seeding and narrow spacing drill seeding increase tillering and the canopy light interception (LI) of the upper and central portion in the booting and filling stage, but reduce the number of grains and kernel weight. After the booting stage, seeding mode affects CO₂concentration of every layer, although not significantly.

Key words: canopy microclimate, sowing methods, tillering potential, variety types, winter wheat

李娜娜, 田奇卓, 王树亮, 谢连杰, 裴艳婷, 李慧. 两种类型小麦品种分蘖成穗对群体环境的响应与调控. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(3): 289-297. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.006

LI Na-Na, TIAN Qi-Zhuo, WANG Shu-Liang, XIE Lian-Jie, PEI Yan-Ting, LI Hui. Responses and regulation of canopy microclimate on formation spike from tillers of two types of wheat. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(3): 289-297. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.006

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I3/289

图/表 5

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测定指标 Determine index	‘济麦20’ ‘Jimai 20’	‘鲁麦14’ ‘Lumai 14’	‘山农8355’ ‘Shannong 8355’	‘兰考矮早八’ ‘Lankao Aizao 8’
单株分蘖力 Single tillers (No.·plant^-1)	41.27^b	45.96^a	38.92^bc	36.96^c
成穗数 Spike number (No.·plant^-1)	40.58^b	44.34^a	24.33^c	23.20^c
成穗率 Spike rate (%)	98.33^a	96.48^a	62.51^b	62.77^b
穗粒数 Grains per spike (No.)	49.20^c	46.71^c	66.07^a	60.25^b
千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	46.74^c	48.30^c	56.39^a	51.03^b
单株生产力 Single productivity (g·plant^-1)	88.64^b	97.10^a	90.53^b	66.46^c

测定指标 Determine index	‘济麦20’ ‘Jimai 20’	‘鲁麦14’ ‘Lumai 14’	‘山农8355’ ‘Shannong 8355’	‘兰考矮早八’ ‘Lankao Aizao 8’
单株分蘖力 Single tillers (No.·plant^-1)	41.27^b	45.96^a	38.92^bc	36.96^c
成穗数 Spike number (No.·plant^-1)	40.58^b	44.34^a	24.33^c	23.20^c
成穗率 Spike rate (%)	98.33^a	96.48^a	62.51^b	62.77^b
穗粒数 Grains per spike (No.)	49.20^c	46.71^c	66.07^a	60.25^b
千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	46.74^c	48.30^c	56.39^a	51.03^b
单株生产力 Single productivity (g·plant^-1)	88.64^b	97.10^a	90.53^b	66.46^c

测定指标 Determine index	处理 Treatment	‘济麦20’ ‘Jimai 20’	‘鲁麦14’ ‘Lumai 14’	‘山农8355’ ‘Shannong 8355’	‘兰考矮早八’ ‘Lankao Aizao 8’
分蘖数 Tillers (No.·plant^-1)	30 cm	7.97^a	8.15^a	5.53^a	4.23^a
	25 cm	8.34^b	8.62^b	6.02^b	4.66^b
	20 cm	8.45^b	8.98^c	6.12^b	4.88^c
	15 cm	8.69^c	9.26^c	6.23^b	5.10^c
	均匀撒播 BW	8.97^d	10.11^d	6.58^c	5.46^d
	平均 Mean	8.48	9.02	6.10	4.87
成穗数 Spike number (No.·plant^-1)	30 cm	3.14^a	3.55^a	1.71^a	1.17^a
	25 cm	3.32^b	3.73^b	1.81^b	1.25^b
	20 cm	3.41^c	3.83^b	1.82^b	1.40^c
	15 cm	3.45^c	3.91^b	1.84^b	1.45^c
	均匀撒播 BW	3.54^d	4.21^c	1.92^c	1.51^d
	平均 Mean	3.37	3.85	1.82	1.36
成穗率 Spike rate (%)	30 cm	39.40^c	43.56^a	30.92^a	27.66^b
	25 cm	39.81^b	43.27^a	30.07^b	26.82^c
	20 cm	40.36^a	42.65^b	29.74^c	28.69^a
	15 cm	39.70^b	42.22^c	29.53^c	28.43^a
	均匀撒播 BW	39.46^c	41.64^d	29.18^d	27.66^b
	平均 Mean	39.75	42.67	29.89	27.85

测定指标 Determine index	处理 Treatment	‘济麦20’ ‘Jimai 20’	‘鲁麦14’ ‘Lumai 14’	‘山农8355’ ‘Shannong 8355’	‘兰考矮早八’ ‘Lankao Aizao 8’
分蘖数 Tillers (No.·plant^-1)	30 cm	7.97^a	8.15^a	5.53^a	4.23^a
	25 cm	8.34^b	8.62^b	6.02^b	4.66^b
	20 cm	8.45^b	8.98^c	6.12^b	4.88^c
	15 cm	8.69^c	9.26^c	6.23^b	5.10^c
	均匀撒播 BW	8.97^d	10.11^d	6.58^c	5.46^d
	平均 Mean	8.48	9.02	6.10	4.87
成穗数 Spike number (No.·plant^-1)	30 cm	3.14^a	3.55^a	1.71^a	1.17^a
	25 cm	3.32^b	3.73^b	1.81^b	1.25^b
	20 cm	3.41^c	3.83^b	1.82^b	1.40^c
	15 cm	3.45^c	3.91^b	1.84^b	1.45^c
	均匀撒播 BW	3.54^d	4.21^c	1.92^c	1.51^d
	平均 Mean	3.37	3.85	1.82	1.36
成穗率 Spike rate (%)	30 cm	39.40^c	43.56^a	30.92^a	27.66^b
	25 cm	39.81^b	43.27^a	30.07^b	26.82^c
	20 cm	40.36^a	42.65^b	29.74^c	28.69^a
	15 cm	39.70^b	42.22^c	29.53^c	28.43^a
	均匀撒播 BW	39.46^c	41.64^d	29.18^d	27.66^b
	平均 Mean	39.75	42.67	29.89	27.85

测定指标 Determine index	处理 Treatment	‘济麦20’ ‘Jimai 20’	‘鲁麦14’ ‘Lumai 14’	‘山农8355’ ‘Shannong 8355’	‘兰考矮早八’ ‘Lankao Aizao 8’
经济产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	30 cm	8622.00^b	8452.80^c	7948.05^c	8000.10^c
	25 cm	9203.25^a	9282.60^a	8148.15^b	8173.50^b
	20 cm	9382.35^a	9241.20^a	8679.15^a	8733.45^a
	15 cm	8454.65^bc	8587.05^b	8941.80^a	8712.30^a
	均匀撒播 BW	8284.20^c	8111.25^d	7686.75^d	7725.60^d
穗数 Ears (10⁴·hm^-2)	30 cm	615.15^c	630.00^d	363.60^c	401.25^d
	25 cm	653.10^b	659.40^c	395.25^b	423.75^c
	20 cm	663.60^b	680.40^b	407.55^b	461.25^b
	15 cm	687.30^a	694.50^ab	430.20^a	465.30^b
	均匀撒播 BW	695.10^a	713.55^a	451.50^a	485.25^a
穗粒数 Grains per spike	30 cm	39.23^a	38.28^a	50.34^a	48.83^a
	25 cm	38.25^b	37.43^ab	47.65^b	46.87^b
	20 cm	37.79^b	36.52^b	47.11^b	46.02^c
	15 cm	36.67^c	34.68^c	46.38^c	45.96^c
	均匀撒播 BW	35.03^d	32.47^d	45.63^d	43.44^d
千粒重 1 000-kernel weight (g)	30 cm	44.45^a	45.23^a	54.00^a	47.81^a
	25 cm	44.38^a	45.11^a	53.91^a	47.79^a
	20 cm	44.35^a	45.02^a	53.79^a	47.65^a
	15 cm	44.11^b	44.80^b	53.66^a	47.61^a
	均匀撒播 BW	40.93^c	42.20^c	50.33^b	44.31^b