冬小麦根系时空分布动态及产量对不同氮源配施的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00759

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解不同氮(N)源(有机/无机肥)配施对冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)根系时空分布特征和产量的影响, 采用微根管(minirhizotron)动态监测技术, 以强筋小麦品种‘豫麦34’为试验材料, 在等养分条件下, 设置不施肥(T₀)、100%尿素N (T₁)、75%尿素N + 25%鸡粪N (T₂)、50%尿素N + 50%鸡粪N (T₃)、25%尿素N + 75%鸡粪N (T₄)和100%鸡粪N (T₅)等6个有机N与化肥N配施处理, 研究分析了‘豫麦34’在不同生育时期及0-100 cm土层中根系直径、根长密度、根长生长量和死亡量等根系特征参数的变化及其产量表现。结果表明, 施肥不仅有利于各生育时期及不同土层中根系直径、根长密度和根长生长量的增加, 而且增加了根长死亡量, 促进了根系的周转。对不同配施处理进行比较, 发现T₃处理(尿素和鸡粪等氮配施)的效果最为显著, 全生育期平均根长密度、周期生长量与周期死亡量分别较对照T₀增加了55.52%、57.79%和61.61%, 有效分蘖数、穗粒重、经济产量和经济系数也以T₃处理增加最多, 分别较T₀增加了52.63%、43.90%、40.16%和12.02%; 穗粒数在T₄处理下最大, 较T₀增加了45.79%; 生物产量在T₅处理下最高, 比T₀增加了26.95%。因此, 不同氮源合理配施有利于促进冬小麦根系的生长及在不同土层中的扩展, 提高冬小麦产量。尿素和鸡粪为N源时等氮配施(50 : 50)的效果最佳。

关键词: 微根管, 氮源, 根系, 时空分布, 冬小麦, 产量

Abstract:

Aims The study was conducted to reveal the effects of organic manure and urea on root spatial-temporal distributions, root turnover and yield in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum).
Methods Using a minirhizotron root monitoring system, we studied root parameters (diameter, length density, increment, mortality and turnover) and yield of winter wheat ‘Yumai34’ under different fertilizer treatments (chicken manure and urea in ratios of 75 : 25, 50 : 50 and 25 : 75).
Important findings Chicken manure and urea can increase root diameter, length density, increment, mortality and turnover in different growing stages. The 50 : 50 ratio of organic manure to urea had the greatest effect, significantly enhancing the above values. In contrast to no fertilizer treatment and urea treatment, the treatments of different ratios of organic manure to urea can significantly increase the number of effective tillers, grains per spike, grain weight per spike, economic yield and harvest index. Furthermore, both the economic yield and harvest index reached their highest values under the 50 : 50 treatment, and the differences with other treatments were statistically significant. Considering the general factors such as wheat grain yield and harvest index, the equivalent ratio of organic manure to urea had the largest effects and resulted in the highest wheat grain yield.

Key words: minirhizotron, nitrogen sources, root, spatial-temporal distribution, Triticum aestivum, yield

熊淑萍, 王小纯, 李春明, 马新明, 杜少勇, 张营武, 蔺世召. 冬小麦根系时空分布动态及产量对不同氮源配施的响应. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(7): 759-768. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00759

XIONG Shu-Ping, WANG Xiao-Chun, LI Chun-Ming, MA Xin-Ming, DU Shao-Yong, ZHANG Ying-Wu, LIN Shi-Zhao. Responses of the spatial-temporal distribution of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots and yield to different ratios of nitrogen sources. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(7): 759-768. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00759

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00759

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I7/759

图/表 6

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	处理 Treatment	生育时期 Growth stage
	处理 Treatment	越冬期Wintering	返青期 Green-returning	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	开花期 Anthesis	灌浆期 Grain filling	成熟期 Riping
根系直径 Root diameter (mm)	T₀	0.43^d	0.44^c	0.40^d	0.39^c	0.33^c	0.32^c	0.33^c
	T₁	0.46^cd	0.49^b	0.44^c	0.42^b	0.37^b	0.35^b	0.33^c
	T₂	0.48^bc	0.51^b	0.47^b	0.44^b	0.41^a	0.37^b	0.34^bc
	T₃	0.51^a	0.55^a	0.51^a	0.48^a	0.41^a	0.40^a	0.35^b
	T₄	0.50^ab	0.51^b	0.46^bc	0.43^b	0.39^ab	0.37^b	0.38^a
	T₅	0.49^ab	0.51^b	0.45^bc	0.42^b	0.39^ab	0.36^b	0.34^bc
根长密度 Root length density (cm·cm^-2)	T₀	6.26^d	6.78^d	8.99^d	9.66^d	9.74^d	9.66^d	9.16^d
	T₁	8.41^c	9.31^c	12.29^b	13.31^c	13.43^c	13.34^c	12.61^c
	T₂	8.61^bc	9.55^bc	12.59^b	13.64^bc	13.77^c	13.68^c	12.93^bc
	T₃	9.54^a	10.55^a	13.93^a	15.08^a	15.23^a	15.22^a	14.30^a
	T₄	8.92^b	9.92^b	13.12^ab	14.20^b	14.34^b	14.25^b	13.47^b
	T₅	8.91^b	9.88^b	13.04^ab	14.14^b	14.27^bc	14.18^bc	13.39^b

	处理 Treatment	生育时期 Growth stage
	处理 Treatment	越冬期Wintering	返青期 Green-returning	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	开花期 Anthesis	灌浆期 Grain filling	成熟期 Riping
根系直径 Root diameter (mm)	T₀	0.43^d	0.44^c	0.40^d	0.39^c	0.33^c	0.32^c	0.33^c
	T₁	0.46^cd	0.49^b	0.44^c	0.42^b	0.37^b	0.35^b	0.33^c
	T₂	0.48^bc	0.51^b	0.47^b	0.44^b	0.41^a	0.37^b	0.34^bc
	T₃	0.51^a	0.55^a	0.51^a	0.48^a	0.41^a	0.40^a	0.35^b
	T₄	0.50^ab	0.51^b	0.46^bc	0.43^b	0.39^ab	0.37^b	0.38^a
	T₅	0.49^ab	0.51^b	0.45^bc	0.42^b	0.39^ab	0.36^b	0.34^bc
根长密度 Root length density (cm·cm^-2)	T₀	6.26^d	6.78^d	8.99^d	9.66^d	9.74^d	9.66^d	9.16^d
	T₁	8.41^c	9.31^c	12.29^b	13.31^c	13.43^c	13.34^c	12.61^c
	T₂	8.61^bc	9.55^bc	12.59^b	13.64^bc	13.77^c	13.68^c	12.93^bc
	T₃	9.54^a	10.55^a	13.93^a	15.08^a	15.23^a	15.22^a	14.30^a
	T₄	8.92^b	9.92^b	13.12^ab	14.20^b	14.34^b	14.25^b	13.47^b
	T₅	8.91^b	9.88^b	13.04^ab	14.14^b	14.27^bc	14.18^bc	13.39^b

	处理 Treatment	生育时期 Growth stage
	处理 Treatment	越冬期 Wintering	返青期 Green-returning	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	开花期 Anthesis	灌浆期 Grain filling	成熟期 Riping
根长生长量 RLD_P	T₀	1.19^c	0.22^d	0.86^d	0.60^d	0.30^d	0.22^d	0.06^c
	T₁	1.58^b	0.32^c	1.13^c	0.85^c	0.42^c	0.31^c	0.06^c
	T₂	1.64^b	0.34^b	1.18^bc	0.88^bc	0.44^b	0.34^b	0.08^b
	T₃	1.82^a	0.39^a	1.32^a	0.99^a	0.50^a	0.38^a	0.09^a
	T₄	1.67^b	0.33^bc	1.21^b	0.89^bc	0.43^bc	0.32^bc	0.05^c
	T₅	1.67^b	0.33^bc	1.19^bc	0.90^b	0.44^bc	0.33^bc	0.05^c
根长死亡量 RLD_M	T₀	0.06^b	0.12^d	0.19^d	0.34^c	0.24^d	0.25^d	0.34^c
	T₁	0.06^b	0.15^c	0.23^c	0.47^b	0.33^c	0.36^c	0.49^b
	T₂	0.07^ab	0.17^b	0.26^b	0.50^b	0.36^b	0.39^b	0.52^b
	T₃	0.09^a	0.20^a	0.29^a	0.56^a	0.41^a	0.43^a	0.58^a
	T₄	0.05^b	0.15^c	0.24^bc	0.49^b	0.34^bc	0.37^bc	0.51^b
	T₅	0.05^b	0.16^c	0.24^c	0.49^b	0.35^bc	0.38^bc	0.52^b

	处理 Treatment	生育时期 Growth stage
	处理 Treatment	越冬期 Wintering	返青期 Green-returning	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	开花期 Anthesis	灌浆期 Grain filling	成熟期 Riping
根长生长量 RLD_P	T₀	1.19^c	0.22^d	0.86^d	0.60^d	0.30^d	0.22^d	0.06^c
	T₁	1.58^b	0.32^c	1.13^c	0.85^c	0.42^c	0.31^c	0.06^c
	T₂	1.64^b	0.34^b	1.18^bc	0.88^bc	0.44^b	0.34^b	0.08^b
	T₃	1.82^a	0.39^a	1.32^a	0.99^a	0.50^a	0.38^a	0.09^a
	T₄	1.67^b	0.33^bc	1.21^b	0.89^bc	0.43^bc	0.32^bc	0.05^c
	T₅	1.67^b	0.33^bc	1.19^bc	0.90^b	0.44^bc	0.33^bc	0.05^c
根长死亡量 RLD_M	T₀	0.06^b	0.12^d	0.19^d	0.34^c	0.24^d	0.25^d	0.34^c
	T₁	0.06^b	0.15^c	0.23^c	0.47^b	0.33^c	0.36^c	0.49^b
	T₂	0.07^ab	0.17^b	0.26^b	0.50^b	0.36^b	0.39^b	0.52^b
	T₃	0.09^a	0.20^a	0.29^a	0.56^a	0.41^a	0.43^a	0.58^a
	T₄	0.05^b	0.15^c	0.24^bc	0.49^b	0.34^bc	0.37^bc	0.51^b
	T₅	0.05^b	0.16^c	0.24^c	0.49^b	0.35^bc	0.38^bc	0.52^b

处理 Treatment	平均根长密度 ARLD (cm·cm^-2)	根长生长量 PRLD_P (mm·cm^-2·p^-1)	根长死亡量 PRLD_M (mm·cm^-2·p^-1)	根系周转(1) Root turnover (1) (p^-1)	根系周转(2) Root turnover (2) (p^-1)
T₀	8.61^d	131.76^c	40.14^d	1.53^b	0.46^b
T₁	11.81^c	178.15^b	52.04^c	1.51^c	0.44^c
T₂	12.11^bc	186.08^b	56.82^b	1.54^b	0.47^ab
T₃	13.39^a	207.91^a	64.87^a	1.55^ab	0.48^a
T₄	12.60^b	187.87^b	53.61^bc	1.49^d	0.43^d
T₅	12.54^b	187.46^b	53.17^bc	1.49^d	0.42^d