植物生态学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 759-768.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00759
熊淑萍1, 王小纯2,*(), 李春明1,3, 马新明1, 杜少勇1, 张营武1, 蔺世召1
发布日期:
2011-08-18
通讯作者:
王小纯
作者简介:
*E-mail: xiaochun.w@163.comXIONG Shu-Ping1, WANG Xiao-Chun2,*(), LI Chun-Ming1,3, MA Xin-Ming1, DU Shao-Yong1, ZHANG Ying-Wu1, LIN Shi-Zhao1
Published:
2011-08-18
Contact:
WANG Xiao-Chun
摘要:
为了解不同氮(N)源(有机/无机肥)配施对冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)根系时空分布特征和产量的影响, 采用微根管(minirhizotron)动态监测技术, 以强筋小麦品种‘豫麦34’为试验材料, 在等养分条件下, 设置不施肥(T0)、100%尿素N (T1)、75%尿素N + 25%鸡粪N (T2)、50%尿素N + 50%鸡粪N (T3)、25%尿素N + 75%鸡粪N (T4)和100%鸡粪N (T5)等6个有机N与化肥N配施处理, 研究分析了‘豫麦34’在不同生育时期及0-100 cm土层中根系直径、根长密度、根长生长量和死亡量等根系特征参数的变化及其产量表现。结果表明, 施肥不仅有利于各生育时期及不同土层中根系直径、根长密度和根长生长量的增加, 而且增加了根长死亡量, 促进了根系的周转。对不同配施处理进行比较, 发现T3处理(尿素和鸡粪等氮配施)的效果最为显著, 全生育期平均根长密度、周期生长量与周期死亡量分别较对照T0增加了55.52%、57.79%和61.61%, 有效分蘖数、穗粒重、经济产量和经济系数也以T3处理增加最多, 分别较T0增加了52.63%、43.90%、40.16%和12.02%; 穗粒数在T4处理下最大, 较T0增加了45.79%; 生物产量在T5处理下最高, 比T0增加了26.95%。因此, 不同氮源合理配施有利于促进冬小麦根系的生长及在不同土层中的扩展, 提高冬小麦产量。尿素和鸡粪为N源时等氮配施(50 : 50)的效果最佳。
熊淑萍, 王小纯, 李春明, 马新明, 杜少勇, 张营武, 蔺世召. 冬小麦根系时空分布动态及产量对不同氮源配施的响应. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(7): 759-768. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00759
XIONG Shu-Ping, WANG Xiao-Chun, LI Chun-Ming, MA Xin-Ming, DU Shao-Yong, ZHANG Ying-Wu, LIN Shi-Zhao. Responses of the spatial-temporal distribution of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots and yield to different ratios of nitrogen sources. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(7): 759-768. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00759
处理 Treatment | 生育时期 Growth stage | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
越冬期Wintering | 返青期 Green-returning | 拔节期 Jointing | 抽穗期 Heading | 开花期 Anthesis | 灌浆期 Grain filling | 成熟期 Riping | ||
根系直径 Root diameter (mm) | T0 | 0.43d | 0.44c | 0.40d | 0.39c | 0.33c | 0.32c | 0.33c |
T1 | 0.46cd | 0.49b | 0.44c | 0.42b | 0.37b | 0.35b | 0.33c | |
T2 | 0.48bc | 0.51b | 0.47b | 0.44b | 0.41a | 0.37b | 0.34bc | |
T3 | 0.51a | 0.55a | 0.51a | 0.48a | 0.41a | 0.40a | 0.35b | |
T4 | 0.50ab | 0.51b | 0.46bc | 0.43b | 0.39ab | 0.37b | 0.38a | |
T5 | 0.49ab | 0.51b | 0.45bc | 0.42b | 0.39ab | 0.36b | 0.34bc | |
根长密度 Root length density (cm·cm-2) | T0 | 6.26d | 6.78d | 8.99d | 9.66d | 9.74d | 9.66d | 9.16d |
T1 | 8.41c | 9.31c | 12.29b | 13.31c | 13.43c | 13.34c | 12.61c | |
T2 | 8.61bc | 9.55bc | 12.59b | 13.64bc | 13.77c | 13.68c | 12.93bc | |
T3 | 9.54a | 10.55a | 13.93a | 15.08a | 15.23a | 15.22a | 14.30a | |
T4 | 8.92b | 9.92b | 13.12ab | 14.20b | 14.34b | 14.25b | 13.47b | |
T5 | 8.91b | 9.88b | 13.04ab | 14.14b | 14.27bc | 14.18bc | 13.39b |
表1 不同生育时期小麦根系直径及根长密度对不同氮源配施的响应(平均值, n = 3)
Table 1 Responses of root diameter and root length density of Triticum aestivum to different ratios of nitrogen sources at different growth stage (mean, n = 3)
处理 Treatment | 生育时期 Growth stage | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
越冬期Wintering | 返青期 Green-returning | 拔节期 Jointing | 抽穗期 Heading | 开花期 Anthesis | 灌浆期 Grain filling | 成熟期 Riping | ||
根系直径 Root diameter (mm) | T0 | 0.43d | 0.44c | 0.40d | 0.39c | 0.33c | 0.32c | 0.33c |
T1 | 0.46cd | 0.49b | 0.44c | 0.42b | 0.37b | 0.35b | 0.33c | |
T2 | 0.48bc | 0.51b | 0.47b | 0.44b | 0.41a | 0.37b | 0.34bc | |
T3 | 0.51a | 0.55a | 0.51a | 0.48a | 0.41a | 0.40a | 0.35b | |
T4 | 0.50ab | 0.51b | 0.46bc | 0.43b | 0.39ab | 0.37b | 0.38a | |
T5 | 0.49ab | 0.51b | 0.45bc | 0.42b | 0.39ab | 0.36b | 0.34bc | |
根长密度 Root length density (cm·cm-2) | T0 | 6.26d | 6.78d | 8.99d | 9.66d | 9.74d | 9.66d | 9.16d |
T1 | 8.41c | 9.31c | 12.29b | 13.31c | 13.43c | 13.34c | 12.61c | |
T2 | 8.61bc | 9.55bc | 12.59b | 13.64bc | 13.77c | 13.68c | 12.93bc | |
T3 | 9.54a | 10.55a | 13.93a | 15.08a | 15.23a | 15.22a | 14.30a | |
T4 | 8.92b | 9.92b | 13.12ab | 14.20b | 14.34b | 14.25b | 13.47b | |
T5 | 8.91b | 9.88b | 13.04ab | 14.14b | 14.27bc | 14.18bc | 13.39b |
图1 不同土层冬小麦根系直径及根长密度对不同氮源配施的响应(平均值±标准误差)。同一土层中的不同字母表示差异显著 (p < 0.05)。T0, 不施肥; T1, 100%尿素N; T2, 75%尿素N + 25%鸡粪N; T3, 50%尿素N + 50%鸡粪N; T4, 25%尿素N + 75%鸡粪N; T5, 100%鸡粪N。
Fig. 1 Responses of root diameter (RD) and root length density (RLD) of Triticum aestivum to different ratios of nitrogen source in different soil layer (mean ± SE). Different letters in the same soil layer indicate significant differences at p <0.05. T0, 0 g N; T1, 100% N from urea; T2, 75% N from urea + 25% N from chicken mature; T3, 50% N from urea + 50% N from chicken mature; T4, 25% N from urea + 75% N from chicken mature; T5, 100% N from chicken mature.
处理 Treatment | 生育时期 Growth stage | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
越冬期 Wintering | 返青期 Green-returning | 拔节期 Jointing | 抽穗期 Heading | 开花期 Anthesis | 灌浆期 Grain filling | 成熟期 Riping | ||
根长生长量 RLDP | T0 | 1.19c | 0.22d | 0.86d | 0.60d | 0.30d | 0.22d | 0.06c |
T1 | 1.58b | 0.32c | 1.13c | 0.85c | 0.42c | 0.31c | 0.06c | |
T2 | 1.64b | 0.34b | 1.18bc | 0.88bc | 0.44b | 0.34b | 0.08b | |
T3 | 1.82a | 0.39a | 1.32a | 0.99a | 0.50a | 0.38a | 0.09a | |
T4 | 1.67b | 0.33bc | 1.21b | 0.89bc | 0.43bc | 0.32bc | 0.05c | |
T5 | 1.67b | 0.33bc | 1.19bc | 0.90b | 0.44bc | 0.33bc | 0.05c | |
根长死亡量 RLDM | T0 | 0.06b | 0.12d | 0.19d | 0.34c | 0.24d | 0.25d | 0.34c |
T1 | 0.06b | 0.15c | 0.23c | 0.47b | 0.33c | 0.36c | 0.49b | |
T2 | 0.07ab | 0.17b | 0.26b | 0.50b | 0.36b | 0.39b | 0.52b | |
T3 | 0.09a | 0.20a | 0.29a | 0.56a | 0.41a | 0.43a | 0.58a | |
T4 | 0.05b | 0.15c | 0.24bc | 0.49b | 0.34bc | 0.37bc | 0.51b | |
T5 | 0.05b | 0.16c | 0.24c | 0.49b | 0.35bc | 0.38bc | 0.52b |
表2 不同生育时期冬小麦根长生长量与死亡量对不同氮源配施的响应(mm·cm-2·d-1) (平均值, n = 3)
Table 2 Responses of root length density production (RLDP) and root length density mortality (RLDM) of Triticum aestivum to different ratios of nitrogen source at the different growth stage (mm·cm-2·d-1) (mean, n = 3)
处理 Treatment | 生育时期 Growth stage | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
越冬期 Wintering | 返青期 Green-returning | 拔节期 Jointing | 抽穗期 Heading | 开花期 Anthesis | 灌浆期 Grain filling | 成熟期 Riping | ||
根长生长量 RLDP | T0 | 1.19c | 0.22d | 0.86d | 0.60d | 0.30d | 0.22d | 0.06c |
T1 | 1.58b | 0.32c | 1.13c | 0.85c | 0.42c | 0.31c | 0.06c | |
T2 | 1.64b | 0.34b | 1.18bc | 0.88bc | 0.44b | 0.34b | 0.08b | |
T3 | 1.82a | 0.39a | 1.32a | 0.99a | 0.50a | 0.38a | 0.09a | |
T4 | 1.67b | 0.33bc | 1.21b | 0.89bc | 0.43bc | 0.32bc | 0.05c | |
T5 | 1.67b | 0.33bc | 1.19bc | 0.90b | 0.44bc | 0.33bc | 0.05c | |
根长死亡量 RLDM | T0 | 0.06b | 0.12d | 0.19d | 0.34c | 0.24d | 0.25d | 0.34c |
T1 | 0.06b | 0.15c | 0.23c | 0.47b | 0.33c | 0.36c | 0.49b | |
T2 | 0.07ab | 0.17b | 0.26b | 0.50b | 0.36b | 0.39b | 0.52b | |
T3 | 0.09a | 0.20a | 0.29a | 0.56a | 0.41a | 0.43a | 0.58a | |
T4 | 0.05b | 0.15c | 0.24bc | 0.49b | 0.34bc | 0.37bc | 0.51b | |
T5 | 0.05b | 0.16c | 0.24c | 0.49b | 0.35bc | 0.38bc | 0.52b |
图2 不同土层根长生长量和死亡量对不同氮源配施的响应(平均值±标准误差)。同一土层中的不同字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。T0, 不施肥; T1, 100%尿素N; T2, 75%尿素N + 25%鸡粪N; T3, 50%尿素N + 50%鸡粪N; T4, 25%尿素N +75%鸡粪N; T5, 100%鸡粪N。
Fig. 2 Response of root length density production (RLDP) and root length density mortality (RLDM) to different ratios of nitrogen source in different soil layer (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significant differences at p <0.05 in the same soil layer . T0, 0 g N; T1, 100% N from urea; T2, 75% N from urea + 25% N from chicken mature; T3, 50% N from urea + 50% N from chicken mature; T4, 25% N from urea + 75% N from chicken mature; T5, 100% N from chicken mature.
处理 Treatment | 平均根长密度 ARLD (cm·cm-2) | 根长生长量 PRLDP (mm·cm-2·p-1) | 根长死亡量 PRLDM (mm·cm-2·p-1) | 根系周转(1) Root turnover (1) (p-1) | 根系周转(2) Root turnover (2) (p-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | 8.61d | 131.76c | 40.14d | 1.53b | 0.46b |
T1 | 11.81c | 178.15b | 52.04c | 1.51c | 0.44c |
T2 | 12.11bc | 186.08b | 56.82b | 1.54b | 0.47ab |
T3 | 13.39a | 207.91a | 64.87a | 1.55ab | 0.48a |
T4 | 12.60b | 187.87b | 53.61bc | 1.49d | 0.43d |
T5 | 12.54b | 187.46b | 53.17bc | 1.49d | 0.42d |
表3 冬小麦全生育期平均根长密度、根长生长量、根长死亡量和根系周转对不同氮源配施的响应(平均值, n = 3)
Table 3 Responses of average root length density (ARLD), period root length density production (PRLDP), period root length density mortality (PRLDM) and root turnover) of Triticum aestivum to different ratios of nitrogen source during the growing season (mean, n = 3)
处理 Treatment | 平均根长密度 ARLD (cm·cm-2) | 根长生长量 PRLDP (mm·cm-2·p-1) | 根长死亡量 PRLDM (mm·cm-2·p-1) | 根系周转(1) Root turnover (1) (p-1) | 根系周转(2) Root turnover (2) (p-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | 8.61d | 131.76c | 40.14d | 1.53b | 0.46b |
T1 | 11.81c | 178.15b | 52.04c | 1.51c | 0.44c |
T2 | 12.11bc | 186.08b | 56.82b | 1.54b | 0.47ab |
T3 | 13.39a | 207.91a | 64.87a | 1.55ab | 0.48a |
T4 | 12.60b | 187.87b | 53.61bc | 1.49d | 0.43d |
T5 | 12.54b | 187.46b | 53.17bc | 1.49d | 0.42d |
处理 Treatment | 有效分蘖数 Productive tillers per plant (n = 30) | 穗粒数 Kernels per spike (n = 30) | 穗粒重 Kernel weight per spike (n = 30) (g) | 生物产量 Biomass yield (n = 3) (kg·hm2) | 经济产量 Grain yield (n = 3) (kg·hm2) | 经济系数Harvest index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | 1.9c | 32.1e | 1.64c | 14 817.4c | 5 173.9d | 0.349 3d |
T1 | 2.4b | 42.8cd | 1.90b | 17 734.0b | 6 655.3c | 0.375 4b |
T2 | 2.7a | 43.1bc | 1.92b | 18 257.2ab | 6 878.5b | 0.376 8b |
T3 | 2.9a | 44.2b | 2.36a | 18 530.8ab | 7 251.6a | 0.391 3a |
T4 | 2.7a | 46.8a | 2.10b | 17 838.0b | 6 974.2ab | 0.391 0a |
T5 | 2.3b | 41.7d | 1.94b | 18 810.0a | 6 827.2bc | 0.363 0c |
表4 冬小麦产量及产量构成因素对不同氮源配施的响应(平均值)
Table 4 Responses of yield and yield components of Triticum aestivum to different ratios of nitrogen source (mean)
处理 Treatment | 有效分蘖数 Productive tillers per plant (n = 30) | 穗粒数 Kernels per spike (n = 30) | 穗粒重 Kernel weight per spike (n = 30) (g) | 生物产量 Biomass yield (n = 3) (kg·hm2) | 经济产量 Grain yield (n = 3) (kg·hm2) | 经济系数Harvest index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | 1.9c | 32.1e | 1.64c | 14 817.4c | 5 173.9d | 0.349 3d |
T1 | 2.4b | 42.8cd | 1.90b | 17 734.0b | 6 655.3c | 0.375 4b |
T2 | 2.7a | 43.1bc | 1.92b | 18 257.2ab | 6 878.5b | 0.376 8b |
T3 | 2.9a | 44.2b | 2.36a | 18 530.8ab | 7 251.6a | 0.391 3a |
T4 | 2.7a | 46.8a | 2.10b | 17 838.0b | 6 974.2ab | 0.391 0a |
T5 | 2.3b | 41.7d | 1.94b | 18 810.0a | 6 827.2bc | 0.363 0c |
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