模拟源株密度对蝴蝶花生长和克隆繁殖的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过不同蝴蝶花(Iris japonica)起始源株密度的控制实验, 探讨源株对克隆植物蝴蝶花克隆繁殖、生长和生物量分配的影响。结果表明: 1)克隆数量特征: 1个起始源株处理(O)蝴蝶花新分株数显著高于2个起始源株(T)及4个起始源株处理(F), 而新分株死亡率显著低于后二者; 随着起始源株数增加(竞争增强), 一级与二级子株数显著降低。随着源株竞争增强, 克隆细根茎与根的长度、表面积、体积与根(茎)长密度逐渐降低。2)叶片特征: 随着源株竞争增强, 母株重度枯萎与总枯萎叶片数显著增加, 子株中度枯萎、重度枯萎与总枯萎叶片数显著增加; 源株竞争增强, 源株叶面积、源株与子株叶片数显著降低, 而源株叶面积比(leaf area ratio, LAR)显著增加。3)生物量及分配: 随着源株竞争增强, 细根茎、粗根茎、克隆繁殖、地上部分、地下部分及总生物量显著降低, 细根茎与地下部分分配降低, 母株粗根茎分配与地上部分分配显著增加。总的看来, 随着蝴蝶花源株竞争增强, 植株叶片生长状况受到更大的影响, 植株生长受限, 克隆繁殖减弱, 而其通过增加LAR, 提高叶片效率与增加母株粗根茎分配, 降低生长强度与消耗, 储备资源, 以待来年的生长与繁殖。

关键词: 克隆繁殖, 竞争, 蝴蝶花, 资源分配

Abstract:

Aims Intra-species ortet competition has significant effects on growth, sexual reproduction and clonal propagation of clonal plants. Iris japonica is widely distributed along open area of forest edges and under sparse forest canopies with higher light and water conditions in southern China. It affects other herbs by its dominance through clonal propagation. Our objective was to determine the effect of different initial ortets of I. japonica on clonal propagation and growth. Findings could provide a theoretical foundation for the management of understory vegetation with I. japonica.

Methods From September 2007 to June 2008, we conducted a simulation experiment of I. japonica in which we replaced a ortet by an independent one-year ramet. We set up three treatments: one initial separate ortet (O), two initial separate ortets (T) and four initial separate ortets (F) in 0.7 m × 0.7 m, which represented the effect of intra-species ortet competition. Each treatment had 10 repeats, and we quantitatively measured characters of clonal propagation, leaves and biomass and allocation of clonal propagation in different treatments. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Important findings The number of new ramets per ortet of I. japonica was higher, and number of dead ramets per ortet was lower in O treatment than in T and F treatments. Number of primary and secondary daughter ramet (per ortet) and length, surface, volume and length per density of fine rhizomes and roots of I. japonica decreased with the increase of initial ortet (ortet competition). The number of highly withered and total withered leaves of mother ramet, and number of moderately withered, highly withered and total withered leaves of daughter ramet of I. japonica increased with the increase of initial ortet (ortet competition). Leaf area and number of leaves per ortet and number of leaves for daughter ramet per ortet of I. japonica significantly decreased, and leaf area ratio (LAR) per ortet significantly increased with the increase of initial ortet (ortet competition). Biomass of fine rhizomes, coarse rhizomes, clonal propagation, aboveground, belowground and total plant and allocation to fine rhizome and belowground of I. japonica significantly decreased, and allocation to coarse rhizome of mother ramet and aboveground significantly increased with the increase of initial ortet (ortet competition). In sum, with the increase of ortet competition, growth of I. japonica and status of its leaves were inhibited, and clonal propagation became weaker. Thus, it could increase LAR and allocation of coarse rhizome of mother for resources reserve to growth and sexual reproduction in coming year.

Key words: clonal propagation, competition, Iris japonica, resource allocation

王永健, 钟章成. 模拟源株密度对蝴蝶花生长和克隆繁殖的影响. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(3): 340-347. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.011

WANG Yong-Jian, ZHONG Zhang-Cheng. Effect of simulated ortet density on growth and clonal propagation of Iris japonica. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(3): 340-347. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.011

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.011

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I3/340

图/表 8

图1 不同起始源株密度处理设计。 O, 1个起始源株。T, 2个起始源株。F, 4个起始源株。

Fig. 1 Treatments of different original ortets. O, One initial separate ortet. T, Two initial separate ortets. F, Four initial separate ortets.

表1 蝴蝶花植株生物量组分划分

Table 1 Classification for each part of Iris japonica

总生物量 Total biomass	繁殖 Reproduction	有性繁殖 Sexual reproduction (SR)	花 Flower
			果实 Fruit
		克隆繁殖 Clonal propagation (CR)	细根茎与根 Fine rhizome (Fr)
			粗根茎 Coarse rhizome (Cr)
			克隆叶(未开花子株) Clonal leaf (Daughter ramet without flowering)
	生长 Growth	叶(母株与开花子株) Leaf (Mother ramet and flowering daughter ramet)

图2 初始源株数对蝴蝶花不同时段每源株新分株数(A)与每源株死亡分株数(B)的影响(平均值±标准误)。图中071022表示2007年10月22日, 1121表示11月21日, 依此类推, 第一次出现的年份标出年, 其后出现只标出月日。每源株新分株数与每源株死亡分株数为随时间变化的累加值。O, 1个起始源株; T, 2个起始源株; F, 4个起始源株。

Fig. 2 Effects of the number of original ortets on the size (number of new ramets (A) and number of dead ramets (B) per ortet at different time) of Iris japonica (mean ± SE). In the figure, “071022” means 22th October, 2007; “1121” means 21th November. Following this rule, if the year shows the first time in figure, year-month-day are fully written out, whereafter only month and day are listed. Number of new ramets and dead ramets per ortet both are the accumulated value with time. O, one initial separate ortet; T, two initial separate ortets; F, four initial separate ortets.

图3 不同蝴蝶花初始源株密度下细根茎及根特征(平均值±标准误)。不同字母(a和b)表示不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。ns, 无显著差异。F、O、T, 同图2; Fr, 细根茎; R, 根。

Fig. 3 Characteristics of fine rhizome and root in different original ortets of Iris japonica (mean ± SE). Different letters (a and b) mean significant differences (p < 0.05) among different treatments. ns, no significant differences. F, O, T, see Fig. 2; Fr, fine rhizome; R, root.

表2 不同蝴蝶花初始源株密度下克隆分株数与粗根茎特征(平均值±标准误)

Table 2 Characteristics of new ramets and coarse rhizome in different original ortets of Iris japonica (mean ± SE)

参数 Parameter	处理 Treatment			F_(2,27)	p
参数 Parameter	1个起始源株 One initial separate ortet	2个起始源株 Two initial separate ortets	4个起始源株 Four initial separate ortets	F_(2,27)	p
一级子株数 Number of primary daughter ramet (per ortet)	6.10 ± 0.80 ^a	4.44 ± 0.37 ^ab	3.34 ± 0.45 ^b	5.375	0.012
二级子株数 Number of secondary daughter ramet (per ortet)	3.40 ± 0.65 ^a	1.44 ± 0.39 ^b	0.84 ± 0.32 ^b	7.250	0.003
粗根茎特征 Characteristics of coarse rhizome
母株粗根茎长 Length of mother ramet (cm)	11.90 ± 1.93 ^ns	9.68 ± 0.57 ^ns	10.76 ± 0.79 ^ns	0.790	0.476
母株粗根茎直径 Average diameter of mother ramet (cm)	0.86 ± 0.04 ^ns	0.89 ± 0.04 ^ns	0.86 ± 0.03 ^ns	0.146	0.865
一级子株粗根茎长 Length of primary daughter ramet (cm)	4.51 ± 0.39 ^ns	3.89 ± 0.25 ^ns	4.08 ± 0.28 ^ns	0.872	0.420
一级子株粗根茎直径 Average diameter of primary daughter ramet (cm)	0.78 ± 0.02 ^a	0.74 ± 0.02 ^ab	0.70 ± 0.02 ^b	4.699	0.011
二级子株粗根茎长 Length of secondary daughter ramet (cm)	4.14 ± 0.54 ^a	2.84 ± 0.29^b	3.00 ± 0.21^b	3.549	0.048
二级子株粗根茎直径 Average diameter of secondary daughter ramet (cm)	0.70 ± 0.04 ^ns	0.72 ± 0.05 ^ns	0.70 ± 0.04 ^ns	0.063	0.939

图4 不同起始源株密度蝴蝶花母株与子株不同枯萎程度叶片数量(平均值±标准误)。不同字母(a和b)表示不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。High, 重度枯萎; Moderate, 中度枯萎; Slight, 轻度枯萎; Total, 全部枯萎叶。F、O、T, 同图2; ns, 无显著差异。

Fig. 4 Number of leaves of mother ramet and daughter ramet per ortet at different withered class in different original ortets of Iris japonica (mean ± SE). Different letters (a and b) mean significant differences (p < 0.05) among different treatments. High, high withered; Moderate, moderate withered; Slight, slight withered; Total, total withered leaves. F, O, T, see Fig. 2; ns, no significant differences.

表3 不同初始源株密度下蝴蝶花叶片特征(平均值±标准误)

Table 3 Characteristics of leaves in different original ortets of Iris japonica (mean ± SE)

参数 Parameter	处理 Treatment			F_(2,27)	p
参数 Parameter	1个起始源株 One initial separate ortet	2个起始源株 Two initial separate ortets	4个起始源株 Four initial separate ortets	F_(2,27)	p
源株叶片数 Number of leaves (per ortet)	82.90 ± 1.00 ^a	52.11 ± 6.71 ^b	40.25 ± 4.59 ^b	7.980	0.002
母株叶片数 Number of leaves for mother ramet (per ortet)	11.30 ± 0.92 ^ns	9.83 ± 0.41 ^ns	9.59 ± 0.28 ^ns	2.070	0.148
子株叶片数 Number of leaves for daughter ramet (per ortet)	71.60 ± 9.51 ^a	42.28 ± 6.53 ^b	30.66 ± 4.42 ^b	7.992	0.002
源株叶面积 Leaf area (per ortet) (cm²)	3050.41 ± 325.35 ^a	2291.00 ± 305.36 ^ab	2019.49 ± 267.84 ^b	3.498	0.047
母株叶面积 Leaf area (per mother ramet) (cm²)	1105.30 ± 116.39 ^ns	950.64 ± 68.35 ^ns	915.03 ± 72.11 ^ns	1.279	0.297
源株LMA Leaf mass per unit area (per ortet) (mg·cm^-2)	7.33 ± 0.21 ^ns	7.73 ± 0.10 ^ns	7.27 ± 0.14 ^ns	2.348	0.117
源株LAR Leaf area ratio (per ortet) (cm² · mg^-1)	90.11 ± 2.12 ^b	88.69 ± 1.42 ^b	95.89 ± 2.28 ^a	3.484	0.047

图5 不同起始源株密度蝴蝶花克隆繁殖生物量(A)及分配(B) (平均值±标准误)。不同字母(a和b)表示不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。ns, 无显著差异。AG, 地上部分; BG, 地下部分; Cr, 粗根茎; CR, 克隆繁殖; Fr, 细根茎; Growth, 植株生长部分; LCR, 克隆叶; Total, 植株总生物量。

Fig. 5 Biomass (A) and allocation (B) of clonal propagation in different original ortets of Iris japonica (mean ± SE). Different letters (a and b) mean significant differences (p < 0.05) among different treatments. ns, no significant differences. AG, aboveground; BG, belowground; Cr, coarse rhizome; CR, clonal propagation of the whole plant; Fr, fine rhizome of the whole plant; Growth, growth part of the whole plant; LCR, leaf of CR; Total, total biomass of the whole plant.

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