油页岩废渣地12种木本植物光合作用的季节变化

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0087

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了引种在油页岩工业废渣地12种木本植物冬、夏季光合作用特征,根据此评价引种植物的光合作用效率,测定的主要参数包括净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)和气孔导度(G_s)。结果表明:1) 冬、夏季各项测定指标差异很大,P_n、T_r、G_s均是夏季高于冬季,而且,夏季平均P_n、T_r和G_s值要比冬季均值分别高60.9%、77.7%和85.7%,但水分利用效率(WUE)却是冬季高于夏季26.8%~77.2%。2) P_n日变化节律冬、夏季有异,夏季较多的种出现“双峰型”,而冬季较多出现“单峰型”。但也有例外,樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)冬、夏季均出现“单峰”;油榄仁(Terminalia bellirica)、红胶木(Tristania conferta)和柚木(Tectona grandis)冬、夏季均出现“双峰”;海南蒲桃(Syzygium cumini)则冬季为“双峰”,夏季为“单峰”。3) 若某一植物种在冬、夏季都表现出有较高的P_n日均值,相对于另一种植物其中有一季有较高的P_n,说明前者更适应当地环境生长。据此,以冬、夏季P_n日均值的平均值高低排序,评价参试植物在当地自然光照条件下的光合作用效率高低,树种的排序为:大叶相思(Acacia auriculiformis)、油榄仁、铁刀木(Cassia siamea)、云南石梓(Gmelina arborea)、柚木、红胶木、樟树、海南红豆(Ormosia pinnata)、铁冬青(Ilex rotunda)、海南蒲桃、双翼豆(Peltophorum ptetocarpum)和海南翅萍婆(Pterygota alata)。

关键词: 光合日变化, 净光合速率, 水分利用效率, 气体交换特征, 油页岩废渣

Abstract:

Background and Aims Phytoremediation is an important method for restoring bare soil or slag; however, the physiological traits of plants used for revegetation are poorly known, even though such traits are important to successful remediation. This study was carried out on oil shale waste in Maoming City, Guangdong Province to screen for tree species with high photosynthetic potential, appraise the ability of these plants to acclimatize to oil shale waste, and provide valuable information for ecological restoration of similar waste sites.
Methods Diurnal variation of photosynthesis was measured for 12 tree species in summer and winter, using portable photosynthetic equipment (LI-6400, LI-COR, Inc., USA). Other parameters such as transpiration, stomatal conductance, relative humidity, etc. were measured simultaneously, and water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated as net photosynthesis divided by transpiration.
Key Results There were large seasonal differences in all parameters, with values of net photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance higher in summer than winter (60.9%, 77.7% and 85.7%, respectively), but WUE higher in winter than in summer (26.8%-77.2%). Diurnal variation of net photosynthesis also exhibited seasonal differences. Many tree species exhibited a bimodal peak in summer and a unimodal peak in winter; however, Cinnamomum camphora was unimodal in both seasons; Terminalia bellirica, Tristania confertam, and Tectona grandis were bimodal in both seasons; and Syzygium cumini was bimodal in winter and unimodal in summer. Trees with higher mean net photosynthetic rate in both winter and in summer should be more useful for phytoremediation than species with high net photosynthetic rate in only one season. Accordingly, net photosynthetic rate, which synthesizes all parameters examined, should be considered the most important parameter to appraise the ability of plants to acclimatize.
Conclusions According to mean net photosynthetic rates in both winter and summer, the sequence of photosynthesis efficiency of the 12 tree species tested was: Acacia auriculiformis, Terminalia bellirica, Cassia siamea, Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis, Tristania conferta, Cinnamomum camphora, Ormosia pinnata, Ilex rotunda, Syzygium cumini, Peltophorum ptetocarpum and Pterygota alata.

Key words: Diurnal variation of photosynthesis, Net photosynthetic rate, Water utilization efficiency, Gas exchange, Oil shale waste

黄娟, 吴彤, 孔国辉, 陈志东, 张进忠. 油页岩废渣地12种木本植物光合作用的季节变化. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(4): 666-674. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0087

HUANG Juan, WU Tong, KONG Guo-Hui, CHEN Zhi-Dong, ZHANG Jin-Zhong. SEASONAL CHANGES OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS IN 12 TREE SPECIES INTRODUCED ONTO OIL SHALE WASTE. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(4): 666-674. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0087

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2006.0087

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2006/V30/I4/666

图/表 6

图1 环境因子光合有效辐射、气温及相对湿度的日变化 ── 2004年8月中旬 The middle of August, 2004 ┈┈ 2003年12月底 The end of December, 2003

Fig.1 Diurnal variation of environmental factors, such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH)

表1 油页岩废渣试验地环境参数

Table 1 Environmental variables on oil shale waste dump

环境参数 Variables	夏季(8月中旬) Summer (Middle of August)	冬季(12月下旬) Winter (End of December)
光合有效辐射均值 Mean of phobosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	1 202	697
最大光合有效辐射Maximum PAR (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	1 966	1 224
气温Air temperature (℃)	35.60+3.29	25.65+4.65
最高气温 Maximum air temperature (℃)	39.76	30.68
空气相对湿度 Relative humidity (%)	55.45	34.49
土壤含水量 Soil water content (%) (Mean±SD)	25.78±0.70	16.55±3.98

图2 试验地雨季和旱季土壤含水量的日变化 A 雨季(2004年8月18日)含水量 Soil moisture content in rain season (August 18th, 2004) B 旱季(2004年12月27日)含水量 Soil moisture content in dry season (December 27th, 2004) 2.3 12种引种植物气体交换日变化节律

Fig.2 Diurnal variation of soil moisture content in trial place

图3 12种木本植物的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率的日变化曲线 ── 2004年8月中旬 The middle of August, 2004 ┈┈ 2003年12月底 The end of December, 2003

Fig.3 The curves of diurnal viariation of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), transpiration rate (Tr),and water utilitization efficiency (WUE) of 12 species trees

图4 植物冬夏季净光合速率、水分利用效率及蒸腾速率的均值 1 大叶相思 Acacia auriculiformis 2 油榄仁 Terminalia bellirica 3 铁刀木 Cassia siamea 4 云南石梓 Gmelina arborea 5 柚木 Tectona grandis 6 红胶木 Tristania conferta 7 樟树 Cinnamomum camphora 8 海南红豆 Ormosia pinnata 9 铁冬青 Ilex rotunda 10 海南蒲桃 Syzygium cumini 11 双翼豆 Peltophorum ptetocarpum 12 海南翅萍婆 Pterygota alata

Fig.4 The mean values of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE), and transporation rate (Tr) of plants in winter and summer

表2 被试植物在不同季节的净光合速率、水分利用效率及蒸腾速率的日平均值(平均值±标准偏差)

Table 2 Diurnal average valuse of net photosynthetic rate (Pn)、water utilization efficiency (WUE) and transpiration rate (Tr) of plants tested in different seasons (mean±SD)

植物种类 Species	净光合速率 P_n (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)		水分利用效率 WUE (μmol·mol^-1)		蒸腾速率 T_r (mol·m^-2·s^-1)
植物种类 Species	夏季Summer	冬季Winter	夏季Summer	冬季Winter	夏季Summer	冬季Winter
大叶相思Acacia auriculiformis	16.45±5.25	7.58±2.67	2.71±0.59	8.42±4.18	6.33±2.47	1.33±1.04
油榄仁Terminalia bellirica	15.50±3.87	4.45±1.53	3.60±1.05	2.78±1.25	4.87±2.08	1.99±1.13
铁刀木Cassia siamea	12.86±4.38	5.89±2.23	3.10±0.66	4.70±2.19	4.55±2.11	1.41±0.59
云南石梓Gmelina arborea	12.64±2.95	6.46±1.32	2.65±1.13	9.84±4.89	5.84±2.75	0.92±0.61
柚木Tectona grandis	12.19±4.00	4.51±0.91	2.31±0.61	4.41±1.03	5.88±2.87	1.07±0.26
红胶木Tristania conferta	11.40±3.40	3.40±1.35	2.48±0.53	6.31±3.16	4.80±1.68	0.58±0.22
樟树Cinnamomum camphora	11.28±4.16	2.18±0.84	2.79±0.79	5.47±3.51	4.52±2.21	0.46±0.18
海南红豆Ormosia pinnata	10.23±1.85	2.07±1.18	3.32±0.46	6.52±2.51	3.15±0.80	0.40±0.28
铁冬青Ilex rotunda	10.05±3.56	4.66±1.12	1.98±0.63	3.35±1.09	5.72±2.40	1.46±0.42
海南蒲桃Syzygium cumini	9.49±3.34	5.20±1.92	2.85±1.55	5.38±3.25	4.05±1.84	1.15±0.50
双翼豆Peltophorum ptetocarpum	9.20±3.25	4.70±2.05	2.31±0.79	3.38±0.52	4.67±2.16	1.45±0.68
海南翅苹婆Pterygota alata	8.45±1.82	3.49±1.16	2.98±2.82	4.36±2.06	4.38±2.23	0.90±0.36

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