影响入侵种反枝苋分布的环境因子分析及可能分布区预测

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0105

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)是苋属入侵种中发生频率最多、分布最广、危害最严重的杂草。基于反枝苋在世界范围内4 207个实际分布点及其对应的气候、地形和土壤3类要素28个环境因子的定量关系,利用主成分分析确定了影响其分布的主要环境因子,据此估测其中心可能分布区和最大可能分布区,并与实际分布点进行比较。结果表明:14个环境因子在决定反枝苋全球分布格局中起着重要作用。反枝苋中心分布区位于新西兰南部、澳大利亚东南部、南美洲北部少数地区、北美洲西北部及东南部部分地区、欧洲大部分地区和中国东南部,最大可能分布区位于南美洲中南部、北美洲大部分、非洲北部小部分、澳大利亚南部及北部少数区域、欧洲大部分地区和亚洲大部分地区及中国除西藏、青海、新疆、四川西部以外的地区。中心分布区的预测结果与实际分布点吻合较好,而最大分布区则过于广阔。

关键词: 入侵种, 反枝苋, 环境因子, 最大分布区, 中心分布区, 实际分布点

Abstract:

Aims Amaranthus retroflexus is the most harmful, widely distributed invasive species in its genus. Our objective was to determine its potential worldwide distribution and compare that with its present distribution.

Methods We selected 28 environmental factors including climatic, topographic and soil factors as GIS layers and determined their quantitative relationship with the actual global distribution of the species, based on 4 207 herbarium records. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to select the environmental factors influencing the distribution of the species. Based on these results, we estimated the central and maximum potential distribution of A. retroflexus and compared them to its actual geographical distribution.

Important findings Fourteen environmental factors importantly affected the distribution of A. retroflexus. The central potential distribution range was southern New Zealand, southeastern Australia, some areas in northern South America, northwestern and southeastern North America, most of Europe and southeastern China. The maximum potential distribution range was southcentral South America, most of North America, some areas in northern Africa, most of Europe, some areas in southern and northern Australia and most of Asia including most of China except Tibet, Qinghai Province, Xinjiang and western Sichuan Province. The potential central distribution of the species matched its actual distribution, whereas the potential maximum distribution was much larger.

Key words: invasive species, Amaranthus retroflexus, environmental factors, maximum distribution, central distribution, actual distribution

刘伟, 朱丽, 桑卫国. 影响入侵种反枝苋分布的环境因子分析及可能分布区预测. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(5): 834-841. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0105

LIU Wei, ZHU Li, SANG Wei-Guo. POTENTIAL GLOBAL GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(5): 834-841. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0105

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0105

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I5/834

图/表 5

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主成分次序 No. of components	贡献率 Contribution (%)
1	41.747
2	19.932
3	14.726
累计Sum	76.405

主成分次序 No. of components	贡献率 Contribution (%)
1	41.747
2	19.932
3	14.726
累计Sum	76.405

环境指标 Environmental indexes	主成分1 Component 1	主成分2 Component 2
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (℃)	0.960	-0.053
温度变差系数 Temperature seasonality	0.911	-0.214
最干季度的降雨量 Precipitation of the driest quarter (mm)	-0.907	-0.010
最干月份的降雨量 Precipitation of the driest month (mm)	-0.906	-0.037
最冷季度的降雨量 Precipitation of the coldest quarter (mm)	-0.861	0.089
降水变差系数 Precipitation seasonality coefficient of variation	0.856	0.155
极端最低温 Min temperature of the coldest month (℃)	-0.820	0.459
月温差 Mean diurnal range (℃)	0.783	0.354
土壤水分 Soil moisture (g·kg^-1)	-0.760	-0.080
太阳辐射 Radiation (MJ·m^-2)	0.744	0.534
最冷季度的平均温度 Mean temperature of the coldest quarter (℃)	-0.665	0.650
极端最高温 Max temperature of the warmest month (℃)	0.694	0.635
土壤pH值 Soil pH value	0.680	0.238
最暖季度的平均温度 Mean temperature of the warmest quarter (℃)	0.649	0.682
最干季度的平均温度 Mean temperature of the driest quarter (℃)	-0.639	0.561
霜冻日 Frost day (d)	0.628	-0.614
最湿季度的平均温度 Mean temperature of wettest quarter (℃)	0.610	0.278
海拔 Altitude (m)	0.588	-0.067
年降雨量 Annual precipitation (mm)	-0.568	0.418
可能蒸散率 Potential evapotranspiration ratio (℃·mm^-1)	-0.565	0.416
土壤有机碳储量 Soil carbon (kg·m^-2)	-0.422	-0.282
坡度 Slope (°)	0.356	-0.135
最暖季度的降雨量 Precipitation of the warmest quarter (mm)	0.206	0.510
最湿月份的降雨量 Precipitation of the wettest month (mm)	0.199	0.219
生物温度 Biotemperature (℃)	0.153	0.937
年平均温度 Annual mean temperature (℃)	-0.143	0.926
最湿季度的降雨量 Precipitation of wettest quarter (mm)	0.062	0.506
坡向 Aspect (°)	0.032	-0.021

环境指标 Environmental indexes	主成分1 Component 1	主成分2 Component 2
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (℃)	0.960	-0.053
温度变差系数 Temperature seasonality	0.911	-0.214
最干季度的降雨量 Precipitation of the driest quarter (mm)	-0.907	-0.010
最干月份的降雨量 Precipitation of the driest month (mm)	-0.906	-0.037
最冷季度的降雨量 Precipitation of the coldest quarter (mm)	-0.861	0.089
降水变差系数 Precipitation seasonality coefficient of variation	0.856	0.155
极端最低温 Min temperature of the coldest month (℃)	-0.820	0.459
月温差 Mean diurnal range (℃)	0.783	0.354
土壤水分 Soil moisture (g·kg^-1)	-0.760	-0.080
太阳辐射 Radiation (MJ·m^-2)	0.744	0.534
最冷季度的平均温度 Mean temperature of the coldest quarter (℃)	-0.665	0.650
极端最高温 Max temperature of the warmest month (℃)	0.694	0.635
土壤pH值 Soil pH value	0.680	0.238
最暖季度的平均温度 Mean temperature of the warmest quarter (℃)	0.649	0.682
最干季度的平均温度 Mean temperature of the driest quarter (℃)	-0.639	0.561
霜冻日 Frost day (d)	0.628	-0.614
最湿季度的平均温度 Mean temperature of wettest quarter (℃)	0.610	0.278
海拔 Altitude (m)	0.588	-0.067
年降雨量 Annual precipitation (mm)	-0.568	0.418
可能蒸散率 Potential evapotranspiration ratio (℃·mm^-1)	-0.565	0.416
土壤有机碳储量 Soil carbon (kg·m^-2)	-0.422	-0.282
坡度 Slope (°)	0.356	-0.135
最暖季度的降雨量 Precipitation of the warmest quarter (mm)	0.206	0.510
最湿月份的降雨量 Precipitation of the wettest month (mm)	0.199	0.219
生物温度 Biotemperature (℃)	0.153	0.937
年平均温度 Annual mean temperature (℃)	-0.143	0.926
最湿季度的降雨量 Precipitation of wettest quarter (mm)	0.062	0.506
坡向 Aspect (°)	0.032	-0.021

环境指标 Environmental indexes	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	均值 Mean	标准偏差 Standard deviation
年平均温度Annual mean temperature (℃)	-3.5	27.3	8.91	1.61
月温差Mean diurnal range (℃)	5.2	18.7	8.22	1.46
温度变差系数Temperature seasonality	8.3	159.7	63.97	13.70
极端最低温Min temperature of the coldest month (℃)	-33.2	18.1	-2.95	3.45
生物温度Biotemperature (℃)	3.7	27.2	9.02	1.44
气温年较差Temperature annual range (℃)	16.4	58.1	25.71	4.86
最冷季度的平均温度Mean temperature of the coldest quarter (℃)	-24.2	26.2	0.64	2.88
最干月份的降雨量Precipitation of the driest month (mm)	0	85	39.83	12.84
降水变差系数Precipitation seasonality	8	145	23.90	17.55
最干季度的降雨量Precipitation of the driest quarter (mm)	1	311	130.10	40.16
最冷季度的降雨量Precipitation of the coldest quarter (mm)	3	623	151.51	56.50
太阳辐射Radiation (MJ·m^-2)	77	201	107.63	15.53
海拔Altitude (m)	-3	2 465	217.946	250.22
土壤水分Soil moisture (g·kg^-1)	0.73	149.9	82.55	34.87