秦岭水灾迹地油松和华山松更新种群数量特征

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

不同植物种群种间比较研究利于揭示种群的形成机制和影响因素。该文研究了秦岭地区蔡玉河流域范家庄段水灾迹地恢复17年后群落优势种油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)和华山松(P. armandii)的种群数量特征。水灾灾后第一年(1989年)就有油松和华山松个体进入迹地,由于较大的高生长速度和侧生长速度,油松种群的平均高度和地径高于华山松,占据了较大的垂直和水平空间。相对来说,油松和华山松高度结构和径级结构模式不同,二者均是小个体数量居多,大个体数量极少,但油松中等大小个体多于华山松。油松和华山松种群的年龄结构模式不同,油松的为单峰右偏曲线,华山松的则近似于正态分布。坡向对油松的年龄结构模式没有影响,但对华山松种群有影响。油松和华山松种群不同高度级、径级和年龄级之间存在显著正或负相关关系,缺少一致性,表明种群大小结构不一定反映年龄结构。油松和华山松种群的密度动态和存活曲线类型一致,均为Ⅱ型,表明二者具有相同的种群动态。总体上说,油松和华山松具有不同的树种生物学特性,使得种群的大小结构和年龄结构不同,但对种群更新存活动态没有影响。

关键词: 秦岭, 种群, 数量特征, 油松, 华山松, 水灾迹地

Abstract:

Aims Comparison of populations of different plant species can reveal the formation mechanism and the influencing factors of the populations. We compared quantitative features of populations of Pinus tabulaeformis and P. armandii, which are the dominants in naturally regenerating communities, following water damage 17 years ago in part of the Fanjiazhuang section of the Caiyuhe Watershed of Qinling Mountain. We asked whether biological features of P. tabulaeformis and P. armandii influence the population size, age structure and population survival dynamics.
Methods We measured the height, basal diameter and age (number of whorled branches) of two individuals in a total plot area of 11 900 m² in 2005.
Important findings As a result of faster height and lateral growth, P. tabulaeformis had greater mean height and basal diameter than P. armandii, and individuals occupied larger vertical and horizontal space. The two populations had different height, diameter and age structures, and no consistenay, which indicated that size structure did not always reflect the age structure. The populations had different age structures, with that of P. tabulaeformis skewed to older trees and that of P. armandii in a near normal distribution. The age structure of P. armandii population was influenced by slope aspect, but that of P. tabulaeformis population was not. Both survivorship curves were the type Ⅱ, which indicated that both populations had similar survival dynamics. Therefore, the different biological characteristics of P. tabulaeformis and P. armandii led to different population size and age structure features, but not survival processes. This implied that environmental factors were the main determinants of population survival dynamics.

Key words: Qinling Mountain, population, quantitative features, Pinus tabulaeformis, P. armandii, water damage

费世民, 何亚平, 陈秀明, 蒋俊明, 郭志华. 秦岭水灾迹地油松和华山松更新种群数量特征. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(1): 95-105. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.011

FEI Shi-Min, HE Ya-Ping, CHEN Xiu-Ming, JIANG Jun-Ming, GUO Zhi-Hua. QUANTITATIVE FEATURES OF POPULATIONS OF PINUS TABULAEFORMIS AND P. ARMANDII REGENERATED FOLLOWING WATER DAMAGE AT QINLING MOUNTAIN, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(1): 95-105. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.011

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.011

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I1/95

图/表 10

表1 蔡玉河流域范家庄段主要河溪水灾灾后植被恢复的群落环境特征

Table 1 Community and environment characteristics of the main riparian ecosystems regemerated following water damage in Fanjiazhuang section, Caiyuhe Watershed

	筒子沟 Tongzigou	崔家后沟 Cuijiahougou	下头沟 Xiatougou	阳坡沟 Yangpogou	庙沟 Miaogou	河道 River road
郁闭度 Canopy density	0.36	0.40	0.20	0.50	0.45	0.10
乔木高度 Height of trees (m)	6.07	5.50	5.25	8.00	9.30	12.00
灌木高度 Height of shrub (m)	2.02	2.40	1.65	3.00	3.10	2.10
灌木盖度 Coverage of shrub (%)	65.0	56.3	32.5	53.0	56.3	20.0
草本高度 Height of grass (m)	0.98	1.00	0.95	1.00	0.90	1.20
草本盖度 Coverage of grass (%)	82.0	84.4	90.0	83.0	72.5	100.0
裸石面积 Area of bare land (%)	65.0	35.6	35.0	60.0	55.0	90.0
坡向 Aspect	西 West	西 West	西 West	东 East	东 East	-
长度 Length (m)	500	400	400	300	600	700

图1 蔡玉河流域范家庄段油松和华山松种群调查地点分布示意图

Fig.1 Distribution sketch map for study sites of Pinus tabulaeformis and P. armandii populations in Fanjiazhuang section, Caiyuhe Watershed

图2 水灾迹地油松和华山松种群密度动态

Fig.2 Density dynamics of Pinus tabulaeformis and P. armandii populations regenerated following water damage

图3 水灾迹地油松和华山松更新种群的高度和径级结构

Fig.3 Structure of height and base diameter grade in Pinus tabulaeformis and P. armandii populations regenerated following water damage

图4 水灾迹地油松和华山松更新种群的年龄结构

Fig.4 Age structure of Pinus tabulaeformis and P. armandii populations regenerated following water damage

图5 水灾迹地油松和华山松阴阳坡种群年龄结构的树种差异

Fig.5 Species differences of age structure between Pinus tabulaeformis and P. armandii populations regenerated following water damage

图6 水灾迹地油松和华山松种群年龄结构的坡向差异

Fig.6 Aspect differences of age structure between Pinus tabulaeformis and P. armandii populations regenerated following water damage

图7 水灾迹地油松和华山松种群径级、高度和年龄结构的种内比较

Fig.7 Comparison within species among the diameter, height and age structures of Pinus tabulaeformis and P. armandii populations regenerated following water damage

图8 水灾迹地油松和华山松种群的存活曲线

Fig.8 Survival curve of Pinus tabulaeformis and P. armandii populations regenerated following water damage

图9 水灾迹地阳坡和阳坡油松和华山松种群的存活曲线

Fig.9 Survival curve of Pinus tabulaeformis and P. armandii populations regenerated following water damage in sunny and shady slope

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