不同基因型玉米间作对叶片衰老、籽粒产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.04.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用大田试验, 研究了不同基因型玉米(Zea mays)间作对叶片衰老、籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明, ‘豫玉19’(YY19)与‘周单041’(ZD041)、‘郑单958’(ZD958)与‘鲁单981’(LD981)间作, 可提高叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性, 降低丙二醛(MDA)含量, 延缓叶片衰老。具体表现为, 在吐丝后10 d, 4个玉米品种叶片中的SOD和POD活性均有所提高或显著提高, ZD041和ZD958叶片中的CAT活性提高或显著提高, YY19和LD981变化不显著; 4个玉米品种叶片中的MDA含量降低。在吐丝后40 d, SOD和POD活性及MDA含量的变化与吐丝后10 d基本一致, CAT活性均有所提高, 其中以YY19较为显著。研究还表明, 间作增加了复合群体产量, 土地当量比(Land equivalent ratio, LER)均大于1, 籽粒品质也有所改善。

关键词: 玉米, 间作, 衰老, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

Aims Although maize (Zea mays) intercropped with other species enhances utilization efficiency of natural resources such as light, heat, water and fertilizer, which increases yields, it has caused great difficulty in cultivation. Presently, there is substantial agronomic evidence for yield advantage among mixtures, maize intercropping with different genotypes included. Our objective was to investigate the effects of maize intercropping with different genotypes on the senescence of leaves, yield and quality.

Methods We conducted a field experiment on the farm of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China, using four maize varieties, three semi-compact plant types (YY19, ZD041 and LD981) and one compact plant type (ZD958). The experimental plots of 6 m×6 m were separated by 1 m. The experiments were planted by hand with rows oriented north-south and spacing of 0.70 and 0.50 m. The ratio of two maize varieties intercropped was 1:1 per row. The planting density was 67 500 plants·hm^-2.There were six treatments: each of the varieties alone, YY19 intercropped with ZD041 (YY19║ZD041), and ZD958 intercropped with LD981 (ZD958║LD981). There were four replicate plots for each treatment, arranged in a randomized complete block design.

Important findingsThe activities of SOD and POD of leaves increased in the intercropping treatments 10 days after silking, which resulted in decreased MDA contents of leaves. The activities of CAT of leaves in ZD041 and ZD958 increased or increased markedly, while YY19 and LD981 decreased slightly. The changes of activities of SOD and POD and contents of MDA in leaves remained similar 40 days after silking. Meanwhile, the activities of CAT of leaves increased, among them YY19 increased significantly. Also, yields, land equivalent ratio (LER) and grain quality were enhanced in the intercopped colonies. Results suggested that suitable maize intercropping with different genotypes would increase the activities of SOD, POD and CAT of leaf, prolong leaf life, increase yield and improve quality.

Key words: maize, intercropping, senescence, yield, quality

刘天学, 李潮海, 马新明, 赵霞, 刘士英. 不同基因型玉米间作对叶片衰老、籽粒产量和品质的影响. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(4): 914-921. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.04.021

LIU Tian-Xue, LI Chao-Hai, MA Xin-Ming, ZHAO Xia, LIU Shi-Ying. EFFECTS OF MAIZE INTERCROPPING WITH DIFFERENT GENOTYPES ON LEAF SENESCENCE AND GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(4): 914-921. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.04.021

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.04.021

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I4/914

图/表 8

图1 单间作玉米叶片SOD活性 YY19S: ‘豫玉19’单作 YY19 Sole-cropping YY19I: ‘豫玉19’间作 YY19 Intercropping ZD041S:‘周单041’单作 ZD041 Sole-cropping ZD041I: ‘周单041’间作 ZD041 Intercropping ZD958S: ‘郑单958’单作 ZD958 Sole-cropping ZD958I: ‘郑单958’间作 ZD958 Intercropping LD981S: ‘鲁单981’单作 LD981 Sole-cropping LD981I:‘鲁单981’间作 LD981 Intercropping YY19、ZD041、ZD958、LD981: 玉米品种 Maize varieties 图中不同小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05) Different letters indicate different significantly(p<0.05)

Fig. 1 The SOD activities of leaves of maize on the treatments of sole-cropping and intercropping

图2 单间作玉米叶片POD活性图注同图1

Fig. 2 The POD activities of leaves of maize on the treatments of sole-cropping and intercropping Note see Fig. 1

图3 单间作玉米叶片CAT活性图注同图1

Fig. 3 The CAT activities of leaves of maize on the treatments of sole-cropping and intercropping Note see Fig. 1

图4 单间作玉米叶片MAD含量图注同图1

Fig. 4 The MDA content of leaves of maize on the treatments of sole-cropping and intercropping Note see Fig. 1

表1 单间作玉米穗部性状与产量(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 The ear characteristics and yield of maize on the treatments of sole-cropping and intercropping (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatments	穗长 Ear length (cm)	穗粗 Ear wide (cm)	穗行数 Row number per ear	行粒数 Grain number per row	千粒重 1 000-kernel weight (g)	穗粒重 Kernel weight per ear (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2₎
YY19S	14.92±0.87^b	4.18±0.23^b	13.42±0.71^a	37.92±2.92^a	203.15±6.26^b	103.68±20.46^c	7 517.10±178.47^c
YY19I	13.98±0.47^b	4.17±0.12^b	13.75±0.71^a	37.92±2.25^a	187.07±11.09^b	102.32±9.46^c	6 909.47±309.34^c
ZD041S	17.51±0.85^a	4.49±0.36^a	14.75±0.71^a	40.36±3.08^a	175.78±10.29^bc	103.99±4.21^c	7 019.51±277.81^c
ZD041I	18.45±0.71^a	4.55±0.03^a	13.93±0.71^a	42.55±1.35^a	198.64±13.05^b	117.47±10.71^b	7 929.25±311.67^b
ZD958S	15.58±0.45^b	4.73±0.22^a	15.08±0.71^a	37.13±2.54^ab	235.47±19.37^a	131.74±13.15^b	8 596.11±232.07^b
ZD958I	14.80±0.71^b	4.46±0.16^a	14.47±0.71^a	35.58±1.29^b	237.71±27.52^a	122.51±20.61^b	7 979.99±190.72^b
LD981S	17.63±0.74^a	4.72±0.11^a	14.83±0.71^a	37.38±1.81^ab	250.06±9.05^a	138.58±6.92^a	9 354.25±102.45^a
LD981I	18.04±0.41^a	4.95±0.54^a	14.50±0.71^a	39.25±0.91^a	261.26±16.77^a	148.60±7.01^a	10 030.46±307.51^a

表2 不同基因型玉米间作土地当量比

Table 2 The land equivalent ratio (LER) for maize intercropping with different genotypes

	YY19	ZD041		ZD958		LD981	YY19+ZD041		ZD958+LD981
LER	0.919	1.130		0.928		1.072	1.130		1.003

图5 不同基因型玉米间作对籽粒品质的影响图注同图1

Fig. 5 Effects of maize intercropping with different genotypes on grain quality Note see Fig. 1

表3 单间作玉米籽粒品质

Table 3 The grain qualities of maize on the treatments of sole-cropping and intercropping

处理 Treatments	淀粉 Starch (%)	蛋白质 Protein (%)	油分 Oil (%)	赖氨酸 Lysine (%)
YY19S+ZD041S	71.444	9.378	4.246	0.218
YY19║ZD041	71.898	9.384	4.117	0.222
ZD958S+LD981S	72.622	8.464	4.189	0.208
ZD958║LD981	73.107	8.551	4.004	0.199

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