基于GreenLab的油松结构-功能模型

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物结构-功能模型(Functional-structural models, FSMs)将结构模型与过程模型结合起来, 用以描述环境机制驱动的植物生长, 输出植物的三维结构。GreenLab是一个近年来不断发展着的基于源-汇关系的通用植物结构-功能模型, 它多应用于农作物, 在树木方面的应用还很少。该文以幼龄油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)为研究对象, 首次将GreenLab模型应用到虚拟树木生长的研究中。采用破坏性取样, 实测了9株油松幼树的形态结构、拓扑结构和器官生物量信息, 根据拓扑编码体系组织数据。模型的直接参数是通过实测数据获得的, 隐含参数是利用非线性最小二乘法拟合反求获得的。对模型的假设进行了验证, 并对模型的模拟效果进行了评估, 结果表明: 节间总鲜质量、树木叶总鲜质量、节间鲜质量、节间长度观测值和模型模拟值建立的回归方程的决定系数在0.78~0.91之间, 因此该模型较真实地反映了油松的结构和生长过程。提出的树木结构和生物量测量及编码方法, 可作为针叶树建立结构-功能模型的参照。

关键词: 林木结构-功能模型, 生物量生产和分配, 拓扑结构, 源-汇关系, 油松

Abstract:

Aims Functional-structural plant modeling is concerned with the integration of architecture and resource allocation as aspects of plant function. It can depict the three-dimensional presentation of plants for use in analyzing individual tree growth and interactions between structural architecture and resource allocation in environments. Our objective was to parameterize and validate the functional-structural model GreenLab for young Pinus tabulaeformis to simulate its growth. Few studies have applied the GreenLab model to trees.
Methods Destructive sampling was done to collect detailed data including structure and biomass measurements from 9 young P. tabulaeformis trees. We used the functional-structural GreenLab model that has been successfully calibrated for several crops. To extend its application in tree growth analysis, we validated the basic hypotheses of the model such as constant allometry rules and source-sink relationships. Direct parameters were attained from the measurement data and hidden parameters of the model were calibrated using the generalized least squares method.
Important findings Simulations of P. tabulaeformis growth based on the fitted parameters were reasonably accurate. The coefficients of determination of linear regression equations between observations and predictions ranged from 0.78 to 0.91. The topological code system was set up to analyze tree topological structure for simulation. The calibrated parameters can be used to simulate and visualize 3D representation of pine trees. The methods for measuring tree topology and biomass and coding system can serve as a reference for the development of functional-structural models of coniferous trees.

Key words: tree functional-structural model, biomass production and allocation, topological structure, source-sink relationship, Pinus tabulaeformis

国红, 雷相东, VeroniqueLetort, 陆元昌, PhilippedeReffye. 基于GreenLab的油松结构-功能模型. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(5): 950-957. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.014

GUO Hong, LEI Xiang-Dong, Veronique Letort, LU Yuan-Chang, Philippe de Reffye. A FUNCTIONAL-STRUCTURAL MODEL GREENLAB FOR PINUS TABULAEFORMIS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(5): 950-957. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.014

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.014

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I5/950

图/表 7

图1 5年生油松拓扑结构首先, 确定树干的分枝级别(Branching order) (Godin et al., 1999)为0, 则主干上的侧枝的分枝级别为1, 成为一级枝, 而侧枝的分枝被称为二级枝, 依次类推。把不同级别的分枝表示为不同的生理年龄, 设树干的生理年龄为1, 一级枝的生理年龄为2, 依次类推。由于1~5年生幼树分枝级别最多为三级枝, 因此, 生理年龄最大为4。

Fig. 1 Topological structure for 5-year-old Pinus tabulaeformis

图2 拓扑编码体系图 GU: 生长单元 Growth unit

Fig. 2 Topological code system

表1 油松幼树模型参数表

Table 1 Parameters for Pinus tabulaeformis saplings

参数 Parameter	PA 1	PA 2	PA 3	PA 4
P_e	0.65	0.25	0.08	0.03
P_a	1.00	0.95	0.18	0.10
T	3 a
SLW	0.08 g·cm^-2
b_e	47.75	134.33	270.93	190.71
β	-0.06	0.06	-0.12	0.50
Sp	0.13 m²
r	0.48

图3 节间鲜重和针叶鲜质量比率 PA i: 第i个生理年龄 Physiological age i (i=1, 2, 3, 4)

Fig. 3 The ratio of internode fresh mass to needles fresh mass

图4 节间异速生长规律 PA i: 第i个生理年龄 Physiological age i (i=1, 2, 3, 4)

Fig. 4 Internode allometry

图5 模型校准

Fig. 5 Model calibration

图6 油松幼树形态三维可视化(1、3和5年)

Fig. 6 3D visualization for Pinus tabulaeformis saplings (1a, 3a, and 5a)

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