宽幅播种带间距对冬小麦冠层特征及产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00079

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2010-2012连续两年在大田试验条件下以多穗型品种‘百农矮抗58’为供试材料, 研究了宽幅播种(播幅8 cm)种植方式下不同带间距7 cm (KF7)、12 cm (KF12)和17 cm (KF17)对冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)冠层特征及产量的影响。结果表明: 与常规条播比较, 宽幅播种群体叶面积指数、平均叶倾角、光截获量、相对湿度、成穗数、生物量和产量较高, 而冠层开度和温度较低; 2010-2011年和2011-2012年宽幅播种成穗数和产量显著高于常规条播, 成穗数分别增加4.8%-16.4%和8.9%-21.0%, 产量分别提高2.96%-15.94%和4.09%-14.23%。宽幅播种下随带间距增大, 叶面积指数、平均叶倾角、光截获量、湿度及成穗数降低, 而冠层开度和温度升高; 穗粒数、千粒重、产量、生物量和收获指数以KF12最高, KF7最低。综合分析, 宽幅播种下12 cm带间距处理的小麦冠层结构合理, 微环境适宜, 产量最高, 可作为该种植方式的适宜带间距。

关键词: 冠层结构及微环境, 带间距, 宽幅播种, 冬小麦, 产量

Abstract:

Aims Spacing interval is a cultivation technique to obtain high yield. Our objective was to investigate the effects of spacing interval on canopy characteristics and yield in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) under different planting patterns of wide bed planting methods with 8 cm drilling width and conventional drilling planting methods with 2 cm drilling width.
Methods A field experiment was conducted in growing seasons of 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, growing multi-spike winter wheat cultivar ‘Aikang 58’ under different planting methods with three spacing intervals of 7, 12 and 17 cm for wide bed planting methods and 20 cm of row spacing for conventional drilling planting methods. Time-course measurements were taken on canopy leaf area index, mean leaf angle, canopy openness, light interception, canopy temperature, relative humidity and yield during the experimental periods.
Important findings Compared with conventional drilling planting methods, the leaf area index, mean leaf angle, light interception, relative humidity, spikes numbers, biomass and grain yield for wide bed planting methods are higher, while canopy openness and temperature are lower. Subsequently, spike numbers per unit area increased by 4.8%-16.4% (in 2010-2011) and 8.9%-21.0% (in 2011-2012) and yield increased by 2.96%-15.94% (in 2010-2011) and 4.09%-14.23% (in 2011-2012). Leaf area index, mean leaf angle, light interception, relative humidity and spike numbers decreased, and canopy openness and temperature increased with increased spacing interval under wide bed planting methods. Grain number per spike, grain weight, grain yield, biomass and harvest index are the highest in the 12 cm treatment and lowest in the 7 cm treatment. It can be concluded that 12 cm spacing interval under wide bed planting methods can be used as a feasible, promising planting pattern with reasonable canopy architecture and sufficient light distribution and interception and favorable microclimate.

Key words: canopy structure and microclimate, spacing interval, wide bed planting, winter wheat, yield

李世莹,冯伟,王永华,王晨阳,郭天财. 宽幅播种带间距对冬小麦冠层特征及产量的影响. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(8): 758-767. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00079

LI Shi-Ying,FENG Wei,WANG Yong-Hua,WANG Chen-Yang,GUO Tian-Cai. Effects of spacing interval of wide bed planting on canopy characteristics and yield in winter wheat. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(8): 758-767. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00079

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00079

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I8/758

图/表 7

图1 宽幅播种带间距对冬小麦叶面积指数(LAI)的影响(平均值±标准误差)。AS, 开花期; B, 孕穗期; J, 拔节期; LF, 灌浆后期; MF, 灌浆中期; R, 返青期; W, 越冬期。CK, 常规条播; KF7、KF12和KF17, 宽幅播种下7、12和17 cm的带间距。

Fig. 1 Effect of wide bed planting methods and its spacing interval on leaf area index (LAI) of winter wheat (mean ± SE). AS, anthesis; B, booting stage; J, jointing stage; LF, late grain-filling stage; MF, middle grain-filling stage; R, riving stage; W, wintering stage. CK, conventional drilling planting methods; KF7, KF12 and KF17, spacing interval 7, 12 and 17 cm under wide bed planting method, respectively.

图2 宽幅播种带间距对冬小麦平均叶倾角(MLA)的影响(平均值±标准误差)。CK, 常规条播; KF7、KF12和KF17, 宽幅播种下7、12和17 cm的带间距。

Fig. 2 Effect of wide bed planting methods and its spacing interval on mean leaf angle (MLA) of winter wheat (mean ± SE). CK, conventional drilling planting methods; KF7, KF12 and KF17, spacing interval 7, 12 and 17 cm under wide bed planting method, respectively.

图3 宽幅播种带间距对冬小麦冠层开度(CO)的影响(平均值±标准误差)。CK, 常规条播; KF7、KF12和KF17, 宽幅播种下7、12和17 cm的带间距。

Fig. 3 Effect of wide bed planting methods and its spacing interval on canopy openness (CO) of winter wheat (mean ± SE). CK, conventional drilling planting methods; KF7, KF12 and KF17, spacing interval 7, 12 and 17 cm under wide bed planting method, respectively.

表1 宽幅播种带间距对冬小麦冠层光截获(LI)的影响

Table 1 Effect of wide bed planting methods and its spacing interval on canopy light interception (LI) of winter wheat

处理 Treatment	花后10天 10 d after anthesis			花后20天 20 d after anthesis			花后30天 30 d after anthesis
处理 Treatment	上层 Upper layer	中层 Middle layer	下层 Down layer	上层 Upper layer	中层 Middle layer	下层 Down layer	上层 Upper layer	中层 Middle layer	下层 Down layer
2010-2011
CK	0.175^c	0.749^b	0.877^b	0.139^b	0.716^b	0.862^b	0.086^c	0.658^b	0.848^c
KF7	0.274^a	0.825^a	0.938^a	0.167^a	0.795^a	0.932^a	0.127^a	0.783^a	0.920^a
KF12	0.233^b	0.821^a	0.937^a	0.144^b	0.788^a	0.924^a	0.123^ab	0.673^b	0.909^ab
KF17	0.225^b	0.813^a	0.925^a	0.141^b	0.757^ab	0.903^ab	0.116^b	0.669^b	0.857^bc
2011-2012
CK	0.407^a	0.943^a	0.984^b	0.234^b	0.855^a	0.976^b	0.189^a	0.819^b	0.938^b
KF7	0.550^a	0.959^a	0.996^a	0.419^a	0.923^a	0.990^a	0.357^a	0.958^a	0.971^a
KF12	0.487^a	0.953^a	0.991^ab	0.406^ab	0.909^a	0.985^ab	0.281^a	0.930^a	0.961^ab
KF17	0.422^a	0.945^a	0.988^ab	0.367^ab	0.901^a	0.983^ab	0.192^a	0.833^b	0.953^ab

图4 宽幅播种条件下冬小麦冠层温度的变化(平均值±标准误差)。CK, 常规条播; KF7、KF12和KF17, 宽幅播种下7、12和17 cm的带间距。

Fig. 4 Variations of canopy temperature under wide bed planting methods of winter wheat (mean ± SE). CK, conventional drilling planting methods; KF7, KF12 and KF17, spacing interval 7, 12 and 17 cm under wide bed planting method, respectively.

图5 宽幅播种条件下冬小麦冠层湿度的变化(平均值±标准误差)。CK, 常规条播; KF7、KF12和KF17, 宽幅播种下7、12和17 cm的带间距。

Fig. 5 Variations of canopy relative humidity under wide bed planting methods of winter wheat (mean ± SE). CK, conventional drilling planting methods; KF7, KF12 and KF17, spacing interval 7, 12 and 17 cm under wide bed planting method, respectively.

表2 宽幅播种带间距对冬小麦产量及其构成的影响

Table 2 Effects of wide bed planting methods and its spacing interval on yield and its components of winter wheat

处理 Treatment	穗数 Spikes (10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	生物量 Biomass (kg·hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
2010-2011
CK	571.3^c	35.7^ab	43.4^b	8 046.9^d	19 159.8^b	42.1^a
KF7	665.2^a	33.5^b	42.0^b	8 285.0^c	20 100.9^ab	41.6^a
KF12	626.8^ab	39.2^a	46.3^a	9 329.6^a	21 527.8^a	43.4^a
KF17	598.7^bc	36.9^ab	45.3^a	8 695.5^b	20 187.3^ab	43.1^a
2011-2012
CK	573.5^c	35.2^c	43.7^c	8 322.0^d	20 034.7^a	41.6^c
KF7	694.2^a	33.3^d	42.8^d	8 662.7^c	20 193.3^a	42.9^bc
KF12	645.6^b	37.9^a	46.5^a	9 506.1^a	20 626.0^a	46.1^a
KF17	624.7^b	36.4^b	45.6^b	9 062.1^b	20 321.3^a	44.6^ab

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