植物生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 663-671.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0242
收稿日期:
2017-09-26
修回日期:
2018-05-29
出版日期:
2018-06-20
发布日期:
2018-06-20
通讯作者:
李玉辉
基金资助:
YU Xiao-Ya1,2,LI Yu-Hui1,*(),YANG Guang-Rong3
Received:
2017-09-26
Revised:
2018-05-29
Online:
2018-06-20
Published:
2018-06-20
Contact:
Yu-Hui LI
Supported by:
摘要:
喀斯特植物群落果实类型和种子散布特征的研究, 对于理解喀斯特植物群落更新与拓展特征, 进而揭示喀斯特石漠化地区恢复植被的自然扩展机制及制定植被恢复规划具有重要意义。该研究以石林地质公园不同群落类型为对象, 研究不同群落的果实类型谱与种子散布谱, 以揭示果实类型与种子散布方式对恢复植被的影响。采用石林地质公园不同群落各1 hm 2样地记名计数法调查的维管束物种名录, 依据Flora of China对物种果实的描述确定其果实类型; 根据文献、数据库以及果实、种子形态性状确定种子散布方式。结果表明: (1)石林地质公园282种维管束植物共16种果实类型(含孢子), 其中瘦果、蒴果、浆果和核果的物种比例均大于10%。木本植物、草本植物、藤本植物的优势果实类型分别为核果、瘦果和浆果。石林地质公园各群落的木本植物、草本植物和藤本植物的果实类型谱差异不显著。在原生林、次生林、灌丛、灌草丛和人工辅助云南松林不同群落中, 浆果和核果的物种比例减少, 瘦果、颖果和蒴果的物种比例增加。(2)石林地质公园植物种子以动物传播为主, 其次为风传播。在原生林、次生林、灌丛、灌草丛和人工辅助云南松林不同群落中, 风传播的物种比例增加了73%-87%, 动物传播(包括鸟类传播)减少了31%-36%。(3)物种的种子散布方式直接影响到植被恢复物种和恢复策略的选择。基于恢复目标, 选择自然传播能力强的乡土物种或地带性植被关键种, 辅以传播廊道, 有助于喀斯特的植被恢复。
俞筱押, 李玉辉, 杨光荣. 石林地质公园不同群落类型植物果实组成与种子散布特征. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(6): 663-671. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0242
YU Xiao-Ya, LI Yu-Hui, YANG Guang-Rong. Fruit types and seed dispersal modes of plants in different communities in Shilin Geopark, Yunnan, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(6): 663-671. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0242
果实类型 Fruit type | 木本物种数和百分比 Species No. and percentage of woody plants (%) | 草本物种数和百分比 Species No. and percentage of herbs (%) | 藤本物种数和百分比 Species No. and percentage of lianas (%) | 石林地质公园中物种数及其百分比 Species No. and percentage in Shilin Geopark (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
瘦果 Achene | 6 (6.19) | 36 (25.17) | 6 (14.29) | 48 (17.02) |
蒴果 Capsule | 14 (14.43) | 28 (19.58) | 5 (11.90) | 47 (16.67) |
浆果 Berry | 12 (12.37) | 11 (7.69) | 17 (40.48) | 40 (14.18) |
核果 Drupe | 31 (31.96) | 2 (1.40) | 2 (4.76) | 35 (12.41) |
颖果 Caryopsis | 1 (1.03) | 22 (15.38) | - | 23 (8.16) |
坚果 Nut | 7 (7.22) | 13 (9.09) | 1 (2.38) | 21 (7.45) |
荚果 Legume | 5 (5.15) | 8 (5.59) | 7 (16.67) | 20 (7.09) |
蓇葖果 Follicle | 4 (4.12) | 3 (2.10) | 4 (9.52) | 11 (3.90) |
梨果 Pome | 9 (9.28) | - | - | 9 (3.19) |
球果 Strobilus | 6 (6.19) | - | - | 6 (2.13) |
分果 Schizocarp | - | 3 (2.10) | - | 3 (1.06) |
胞果 Utricle | - | 1 (0.70) | - | 1 (0.35) |
翅果 Samara | 1 (1.03) | - | - | 1 (0.35) |
柑果 Hesperidium | 1 (1.03) | - | - | 1 (0.35) |
角果 Pods | - | 1 (0.70) | - | 1 (0.35) |
孢子 Spore | - | 15 (10.49) | - | 15 (5.32) |
合计 Total | 97 (100.00) | 143 (100.00) | 42 (100.00) | 282 (100.00) |
表1 石林地质公园不同生长型维管植物果实类型谱
Table 1 Fruit type spectrum of different growth types vascular species in Shilin Geopark, Yunnan, China
果实类型 Fruit type | 木本物种数和百分比 Species No. and percentage of woody plants (%) | 草本物种数和百分比 Species No. and percentage of herbs (%) | 藤本物种数和百分比 Species No. and percentage of lianas (%) | 石林地质公园中物种数及其百分比 Species No. and percentage in Shilin Geopark (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
瘦果 Achene | 6 (6.19) | 36 (25.17) | 6 (14.29) | 48 (17.02) |
蒴果 Capsule | 14 (14.43) | 28 (19.58) | 5 (11.90) | 47 (16.67) |
浆果 Berry | 12 (12.37) | 11 (7.69) | 17 (40.48) | 40 (14.18) |
核果 Drupe | 31 (31.96) | 2 (1.40) | 2 (4.76) | 35 (12.41) |
颖果 Caryopsis | 1 (1.03) | 22 (15.38) | - | 23 (8.16) |
坚果 Nut | 7 (7.22) | 13 (9.09) | 1 (2.38) | 21 (7.45) |
荚果 Legume | 5 (5.15) | 8 (5.59) | 7 (16.67) | 20 (7.09) |
蓇葖果 Follicle | 4 (4.12) | 3 (2.10) | 4 (9.52) | 11 (3.90) |
梨果 Pome | 9 (9.28) | - | - | 9 (3.19) |
球果 Strobilus | 6 (6.19) | - | - | 6 (2.13) |
分果 Schizocarp | - | 3 (2.10) | - | 3 (1.06) |
胞果 Utricle | - | 1 (0.70) | - | 1 (0.35) |
翅果 Samara | 1 (1.03) | - | - | 1 (0.35) |
柑果 Hesperidium | 1 (1.03) | - | - | 1 (0.35) |
角果 Pods | - | 1 (0.70) | - | 1 (0.35) |
孢子 Spore | - | 15 (10.49) | - | 15 (5.32) |
合计 Total | 97 (100.00) | 143 (100.00) | 42 (100.00) | 282 (100.00) |
传播方式 Seed dispersal mode | 木本物种数和百分比 Species No. and percentage of woody plants (%) | 草本物种数和百分比 Species No. and percentage of herb (%) | 藤本物种数和百分比 Species No. and percentage of liana (%) | 石林地质公园中 物种数和百分比 Species No. and percentage in Shilin Geopark (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
动物传播 Zoochory | 73 (75.26) | 40 (27.97) | 24 (57.14) | 135 (47.87) |
其中: 鸟类传播 Birds in Zoochory | 30 (30.93) | 11 (7.69) | 15 (35.71) | 56 (19.86) |
风传播 Anemochory | 10 (10.31) | 75 (52.45) | 10 (23.81) | 95 (33.69) |
水传播 Hydrochory | 0 (0.00) | 6 (4.20) | 0 (0.00) | 6 (2.13) |
自体传播 Autochory | 14 (14.43) | 22 (15.38) | 8 (19.05) | 46 (16.31) |
合计 Total | 97 (100.00) | 143 (100.00) | 42 (100.00) | 282 (100.00) |
表2 石林地质公园不同生长型维管植物种子散布谱
Table 2 Seed dispersal mode spectrum of different growth types vascular species in Shilin Geopark, Yunnan,China
传播方式 Seed dispersal mode | 木本物种数和百分比 Species No. and percentage of woody plants (%) | 草本物种数和百分比 Species No. and percentage of herb (%) | 藤本物种数和百分比 Species No. and percentage of liana (%) | 石林地质公园中 物种数和百分比 Species No. and percentage in Shilin Geopark (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
动物传播 Zoochory | 73 (75.26) | 40 (27.97) | 24 (57.14) | 135 (47.87) |
其中: 鸟类传播 Birds in Zoochory | 30 (30.93) | 11 (7.69) | 15 (35.71) | 56 (19.86) |
风传播 Anemochory | 10 (10.31) | 75 (52.45) | 10 (23.81) | 95 (33.69) |
水传播 Hydrochory | 0 (0.00) | 6 (4.20) | 0 (0.00) | 6 (2.13) |
自体传播 Autochory | 14 (14.43) | 22 (15.38) | 8 (19.05) | 46 (16.31) |
合计 Total | 97 (100.00) | 143 (100.00) | 42 (100.00) | 282 (100.00) |
图1 石林地质公园植物群落不同生长型维管束植物果实类型谱。S1, 原生滇青冈林; S2, 团花新木姜子次生林; S3, 萌生滇青冈灌丛; S4, 毛枝绣线菊-黄茅灌草丛; S5, 人工辅助云南松林。
Fig.1 Fruit type spectrums of different growth types vascular species in plant communities in Shilin Geopark, Yunnan, China. S1, Form. Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides forest; S2, Form. Neolitsea homilantha secondary forest; S3, Form. Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides shrubland; S4, Form. Spiraea martini-Heteropogon contortus shrub tussock; S5, Form. Pinus yunnanensis plantation forest.
图2 石林地质公园植物群落不同生长型维管束植物种子散布谱。S1, 原生滇青冈林; S2, 团花新木姜子次生林; S3, 萌生滇青冈灌丛; S4, 毛枝绣线菊-黄茅灌草丛; S5, 人工辅助云南松林。
Fig. 2 Seed dispersal mode spectrums of different growth types vascular species in plant communities in Shilin Geopark, Yunnan, China. S1, Form. Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides forest; S2, Form. Neolitsea homilantha secondary forest; S3, Form. Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides shrubland; S4, Form. Spiraea martini-Heteropogon contortus shrub tussock; S5, Form. Pinus yunnanensis plantation forest.
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