黔中喀斯特山区植物功能性状的变异与关联

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01000

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

认识植物功能性状随演替进展的变化规律和不同性状之间的关系, 有助于从功能生态学的角度来理解群落演替。该文调查了位于贵州省中部的普定县喀斯特山区26个样方的物种组成, 这些样方分别处于灌丛、落叶阔叶林、落叶常绿混交林3个演替阶段; 测量了分布于该区域的82种木本植物的3个功能性状值(叶面积、比叶面积、最大高度); 根据物种在样方中的多度加权计算得到26个样方的性状平均值, 在此基础上分析了随演替进展植物功能性状在群落水平上的变异格局和不同性状之间的相关性; 采用性状梯度分析法分析了各阶段优势物种的功能性状在群落间(β组分)和群落内(α组分)的变异格局及相关性。结果表明: 1)沿灌丛→落叶阔叶林→落叶常绿混交林这一演替顺序, 群落平均叶面积和平均高度逐渐增加, 而群落平均比叶面积则逐渐变小; 2)就群落平均性状值而言, 叶面积与最大高度呈较强的正相关关系, 最大高度与比叶面积、叶面积与比叶面积均呈较强的负相关关系; 3)物种功能性状的α组分之间没有显著的相关关系, 而β组分之间相关性显著。这说明: 随演替的进展, 群落优势物种对环境的适应策略由高速生长转向提高资源利用效率, 而同一群落内共存的物种采取不同的性状组合来适应共同的群落环境。

关键词: 群落平均性状值, 喀斯特植被演替, 叶面积, 最大高度, 比叶面积, 性状梯度分析法

Abstract:

Aims The trait-based community ecology approach has recently attracted considerable interest from plant ecologists. Our objective is to explore variations and correlations of plant functional traits at the species and community levels along a successional gradient in Karst area of central Guizhou Province in order to improve our understanding about community succession from the perspective of functional ecology.
Methods We investigated species composition of 26 plots in three successional stages (bush, deciduous broad-leaved forests, deciduous-evergreen forests) in Karst area of Puding, central Guizhou Province and quantified three functional traits (leaf area, specific leaf area and maximum height) of 82 woody species in these plots. We calculated the species abundance-weighted mean community trait values and used trait-gradient analysis (TGA) to analyze species functional trait variation along the successional gradient and within communities.
Important findings We found an increasing trend in mean community leaf area and maximum height and decreasing mean community specific leaf area along the successional gradient. For mean plot trait values, there were strong positive correlations between leaf area and maximum height, and significant negative correlations between specific leaf area and both maximum height and leaf area. Species β trait values of the three traits were strongly correlated with each other, but there was no significant correlation for α trait values. Results indicate that the adaptive strategies of dominant species transformed from fast growth to high resource-use efficiency along succession and that co-occurring species in the same community employ different trait assemblies.

Key words: community mean trait values, Karst vegetation succession, leaf area, maximum height, specific leaf area, trait-gradient analysis

习新强, 赵玉杰, 刘玉国, 王欣, 高贤明. 黔中喀斯特山区植物功能性状的变异与关联. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(10): 1000-1008. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01000

XI Xin-Qiang, ZHAO Yu-Jie, LIU Yu-Guo, WANG Xin, GAO Xian-Ming. Variation and correlation of plant functional traits in karst area of central Guizhou Province, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(10): 1000-1008. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01000

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I10/1000

图/表 6

参考文献 36

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演替阶段 Succession stage	群落类型 Community type	海拔 Elevation (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Slope aspect	样方数 Plot number
灌丛 Shrub	小果蔷薇+火棘 Rosa cymosa + Pyracantha fortuneana	1 438	22	西南 Southwest	3
	异叶鼠李+火棘 Rhamnus heterophylla + Pyracantha fortuneana	1 230	23	西南 Southwest	3
	小果蔷薇 Rosa cymosa	1 420	20	西北 Northwest	2
落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad-leaved forest	圆果化香树 Platycarya longipes	1 378	25	东南 Southeast	2
	圆果化香树+槲栎 Platycarya longipes + Quercus aliena	1 456	27	西北 Northwest	2
	槲栎+小叶朴 Quercus aliena + Celtis bungeana	1 389	27	西 West	2
	槲栎 Quercus aliena	1 528	31	西南 Southwest	2
落叶常绿混交林 Deciduous- evergreen forest	云南鼠刺+圆果化香树 Quercus aliena + Platycarya longipes	1 457	28	东南 Southeast	3
	云南鼠刺+窄叶石栎 Quercus aliena + Lithocarpus confines	1 436	30	北 North	2
	窄叶石栎+短萼海桐 Lithocarpus confines + Pittosporum brevicalyx	1 387	32	西北 Northwest	3
	窄叶石栎+猴樟+刺楸 Lithocarpus confines + Cinnamomum bodinieri + Kalopanax septemlobus	1 356	27	南 South	3

演替阶段 Succession stage	群落类型 Community type	海拔 Elevation (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Slope aspect	样方数 Plot number
灌丛 Shrub	小果蔷薇+火棘 Rosa cymosa + Pyracantha fortuneana	1 438	22	西南 Southwest	3
	异叶鼠李+火棘 Rhamnus heterophylla + Pyracantha fortuneana	1 230	23	西南 Southwest	3
	小果蔷薇 Rosa cymosa	1 420	20	西北 Northwest	2
落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad-leaved forest	圆果化香树 Platycarya longipes	1 378	25	东南 Southeast	2
	圆果化香树+槲栎 Platycarya longipes + Quercus aliena	1 456	27	西北 Northwest	2
	槲栎+小叶朴 Quercus aliena + Celtis bungeana	1 389	27	西 West	2
	槲栎 Quercus aliena	1 528	31	西南 Southwest	2
落叶常绿混交林 Deciduous- evergreen forest	云南鼠刺+圆果化香树 Quercus aliena + Platycarya longipes	1 457	28	东南 Southeast	3
	云南鼠刺+窄叶石栎 Quercus aliena + Lithocarpus confines	1 436	30	北 North	2
	窄叶石栎+短萼海桐 Lithocarpus confines + Pittosporum brevicalyx	1 387	32	西北 Northwest	3
	窄叶石栎+猴樟+刺楸 Lithocarpus confines + Cinnamomum bodinieri + Kalopanax septemlobus	1 356	27	南 South	3

植物功能性状 Plant functional trait	单位 Unit	定义与功能含义 Definition and functional implication
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (SLA)	cm²·g^-1	新鲜叶片的面积与叶片干重之比, 代表植物体投入单位质量的干物质所获得的捕光面积。比叶面积较高的物种生长速率较高, 养分利用效率较低, “防御性”投入较少, 叶片寿命较短(Cornelissen et al., 2003)。 Fresh leaf area divided by its oven-dry mass, it’s a measure of the allocation of biomass to light harvesting. Species with higher values tend to correspond with relatively low investment in leaf defense and shorter lifespan (Cornelissen et al., 2003).
叶面积 Leaf area (LA)	cm²	叶面积指示的是叶片与外界接触面积的大小, 影响到植物体与外界环境的气体、能量等交换的平衡, 干旱而开阔的地区的植物一般具有较小的叶片(Ackerly et al., 2002; Cornelissen et al., 2003)。 Leaf area is the area leave interact with environment. It’s related to the balance of gas and energy exchange, with small leaves often observed in drier and more exposed conditions (Ackerly et al., 2002; Cornelissen et al., 2003).
最大高度 Maximum height (MH)	m	在Westoby提出的植物功能性状四维空间中, 最大高度单独成为一个主导维度(leading dimension), 最大高度跟植物的种子散布距离等多个策略有关, 主要反映了植物对光、空间等资源的竞争能力(Westoby et al., 2002; Moles et al.,2009)。 Maximum height is a leading dimension in Westoby’s trait spaces. It’s associated with the seed disperse and other strategies, and mainly reflect the competitive capacity for light, space and other resources (Westoby et al., 2002; Moles et al.,2009).

植物功能性状 Plant functional trait	单位 Unit	定义与功能含义 Definition and functional implication
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (SLA)	cm²·g^-1	新鲜叶片的面积与叶片干重之比, 代表植物体投入单位质量的干物质所获得的捕光面积。比叶面积较高的物种生长速率较高, 养分利用效率较低, “防御性”投入较少, 叶片寿命较短(Cornelissen et al., 2003)。 Fresh leaf area divided by its oven-dry mass, it’s a measure of the allocation of biomass to light harvesting. Species with higher values tend to correspond with relatively low investment in leaf defense and shorter lifespan (Cornelissen et al., 2003).
叶面积 Leaf area (LA)	cm²	叶面积指示的是叶片与外界接触面积的大小, 影响到植物体与外界环境的气体、能量等交换的平衡, 干旱而开阔的地区的植物一般具有较小的叶片(Ackerly et al., 2002; Cornelissen et al., 2003)。 Leaf area is the area leave interact with environment. It’s related to the balance of gas and energy exchange, with small leaves often observed in drier and more exposed conditions (Ackerly et al., 2002; Cornelissen et al., 2003).
最大高度 Maximum height (MH)	m	在Westoby提出的植物功能性状四维空间中, 最大高度单独成为一个主导维度(leading dimension), 最大高度跟植物的种子散布距离等多个策略有关, 主要反映了植物对光、空间等资源的竞争能力(Westoby et al., 2002; Moles et al.,2009)。 Maximum height is a leading dimension in Westoby’s trait spaces. It’s associated with the seed disperse and other strategies, and mainly reflect the competitive capacity for light, space and other resources (Westoby et al., 2002; Moles et al.,2009).

演替阶段 Succession stage	群落平均性状值 Plot mean trait values (mean ± SD)
演替阶段 Succession stage	叶面积 LA (cm²)	比叶面积 SLA (cm²·g^-1)	最大高度 MH (m)
灌丛 Shrub (n = 8)	7.74 ± 1.91	171.64 ± 15.33	2.56 ± 0.40
落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad-leaved forest (n = 8)	11.70 ± 4.70	166.56 ± 30.76	4.07 ± 1.25
常绿落叶阔叶混交林 Deciduous-evergreen forest (n = 10)	18.33 ± 2.26	150.65 ± 17.58	6.61 ± 0.36