贵州省普定县不同植被演替阶段的物种组成与群落结构特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对贵州省普定县喀斯特地区不同植被演替阶段群落的调查, 研究了植被演替过程中群落物种组成和群落结构的变化。结果表明, 该地区的植被主要处于5个演替阶段, 即次生乔木林、乔灌过渡林、藤刺灌丛、稀灌草丛以及火烧干扰后的蕨类植物群落。本次调查共记录到植物365种, 隶属89科218属。其中, 蕨类植物31种, 隶属14科23属; 种子植物334种, 隶属75科195属。物种分布较多的科主要有蔷薇科、菊科、禾本科、百合科、忍冬科、唇形科、莎草科、樟科、葡萄科和水龙骨科。随着正向演替的推进, 物种丰富度增加, 群落结构趋于复杂化。藤刺灌丛与乔灌过渡林群落层次不明显, 次生乔木林分层明显。从藤刺灌丛向次生乔木林演替的过程中, 小径级个体所占比例明显降低, 高于1.3 m植物的总密度、乔木密度和藤本密度都先升高后降低, 而灌木密度呈逐渐降低的趋势。对喀斯特地区植被的恢复提出了参考措施。

关键词: 群落结构, 喀斯特, 物种组成, 演替, 植被恢复

Abstract:

Aims Information on the species composition and community structure of vegetation at different successional stages is useful for understanding successional mechanisms and for selecting species for vegetation recovery. Our objective is to describe the dynamics of species composition and community structure during vegetation succession in a karst area of China.
Methods We collected plant community data from 33 plots in different successional stages at an ecological research station in Puding, Guizhou and statistically analyzed the data.
Important findings We recorded 365 plant species belonging to 218 genera and 89 families. Included were 31 species of ferns belonging to 23 genera and 14 families and 334 species of seed plants belonging to 195 genera and 75 families. No gymnosperm species was recorded. The dominant families included Rosaceae, Compositae, Poaceae, Liliaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Labiatae, Cyperaceae, Lauraceae, Vitaceae and Polypodiaceae. We found five successional stages (fern caused by fire disturbance, thin shrub-grassland, shrub, forest-shrub transition and forest communities). During the successional process, species richness increased and community structure tended to become more complex. The shrub and forest-shrub transition communities were not stratified, but the forest community was. From shrub to forest, the proportion of individuals with small diameters gradually decreased. The total, tree and liana density of woody plant taller than 1.3 m first increased and then decreased. Shrub density gradually decreased. Methods of vegetation restoration in karst areas are included.

Key words: community structure, karst, species composition, succession, vegetation restoration

刘玉国, 刘长成, 魏雅芬, 刘永刚, 郭柯. 贵州省普定县不同植被演替阶段的物种组成与群落结构特征. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(10): 1009-1018. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01009

LIU Yu-Guo, LIU Chang-Cheng, WEI Ya-Fen, LIU Yong-Gang, GUO Ke. Species composition and community structure at different vegetation successional stages in Puding, Guizhou Province, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(10): 1009-1018. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01009

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01009

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I10/1009

图/表 8

参考文献 14

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类群 Type	物种组成 Species composition			生活型 Life form
类群 Type	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species		乔木 Arbor (percentage)	灌木 Shrub (percentage)	草本 Herb (percentage)	藤本 Liana (percentage)
蕨类植物 Fern	14	23	31				31 (8.49)
双子叶植物 Dicotyledon	69	170	284	50 (13.70)		102 (27.95)	93 (25.48)	36 (9.86)
单子叶植物 Monocotyledon	6	25	50			6 (1.64)	42 (11.51)	5 (1.37)
合计 Total	89	218	365	50 (13.70)		108 (29.59)	166 (45.48)	41 (11.23)

类群 Type	物种组成 Species composition			生活型 Life form
类群 Type	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species		乔木 Arbor (percentage)	灌木 Shrub (percentage)	草本 Herb (percentage)	藤本 Liana (percentage)
蕨类植物 Fern	14	23	31				31 (8.49)
双子叶植物 Dicotyledon	69	170	284	50 (13.70)		102 (27.95)	93 (25.48)	36 (9.86)
单子叶植物 Monocotyledon	6	25	50			6 (1.64)	42 (11.51)	5 (1.37)
合计 Total	89	218	365	50 (13.70)		108 (29.59)	166 (45.48)	41 (11.23)

演替阶段 Successional stage	物种组成 Species composition			生活型组成 Life form composition
演替阶段 Successional stage	科 Family	属 Genus	种Species	乔木 Arbor	灌木 Shrub	草本 Herb	藤本 Liana
F	74	143	212	38	63	80	31
FS	63	121	176	29	65	55	27
S	59	114	149	18	53	60	18
G	41	78	93	2	18	69	4
B	31	48	63	3	22	34	4

演替阶段 Successional stage	物种组成 Species composition			生活型组成 Life form composition
演替阶段 Successional stage	科 Family	属 Genus	种Species	乔木 Arbor	灌木 Shrub	草本 Herb	藤本 Liana
F	74	143	212	38	63	80	31
FS	63	121	176	29	65	55	27
S	59	114	149	18	53	60	18
G	41	78	93	2	18	69	4
B	31	48	63	3	22	34	4

	物种 Species	F	FS	S	G	B
乔木 Arbor	圆果化香树 Platycarya longipes	20.99 (1)	21.20 (1)
	窄叶石栎 Lithocarpus confinis	7.87 (2)	0.86 (27)
	滇鼠刺 Itea yunnanensis	7.57 (3)	4.61 (3)	0.85 (25)
	安顺润楠 Machilus cavaleriei	6.20 (4)	5.65 (2)	1.16 (20)
	槲栎 Quercus aliena	3.17 (6)	2.74 (7)
	短萼海桐 Pittosporum brevicalyx	1.66 (12)
	黑弹树 Celtis bungeana	1.12 (17)	0.81 (30)
	朴树 Celtis sinensis	1.09 (19)	1.77 (15)
	刺楸 Kalopanax septemlobus	0.81 (24)	1.51 (17)
	多脉猫乳 Rhamnella martinii	0.78 (26)	1.28 (19)
	云贵鹅耳枥 Carpinus pubescens	0.76 (28)
	麻栎 Quercus acutissima		3.62 (4)
	川钓樟 Lindera pulcherrima var. hemsleyana		1.17 (20)
	李 Prunus salicina		0.85 (28)
	盐肤木 Rhus chinensis			1.09 (22)
	构树 Broussonetia papyrifera			0.83 (26)
	香椿 Toona sinensis			0.81 (28)
	乔木合计 Total of arbor	52.06	46.09	4.74
灌木 Shrub	异叶鼠李 Rhamnus heterophylla	4.37 (5)	3.28 (6)	7.71 (3)
	倒卵叶旌节花 Stachyurus obovatus	2.43 (7)	2.12 (11)	0.78 (30)
	刺异叶花椒 Zanthoxylum ovalifolium var. spinifolium	2.19 (9)	0.93 (25)
	薄叶鼠李 Rhamnus leptophylla	1.69 (11)	2.59 (8)	1.24 (19)
	小叶菝葜 Smilax microphylla	1.55 (13)
	小果蔷薇 Rosa cymosa	1.35 (14)	3.57 (5)	12.65 (1)
	贵州花椒 Zanthoxylum esquirolii	1.14 (16)
	瑞香 Daphne odora	1.12 (18)
	珊瑚冬青 Ilex corallina	1.04 (20)
	香叶树 Lindera communis	1.00 (21)	0.89 (26)
	铁仔 Myrsine africana	0.99 (22)		2.31 (10)
	黑果菝葜 Smilax glaucochina	0.79 (25)	1.53 (16)	0.82 (27)
	杭子梢 Campylotropis macrocarpa	0.70 (30)	1.05 (22)	1.09 (23)
	针齿铁仔 Myrsine semiserrata		1.95 (13)
	雀梅藤 Sageretia thea		1.43 (18)
	川榛 Corylus heterophylla var. sutchuenensis		0.98 (24)
	瘤枝密花树 Myrsine verruculosa		0.82 (29)
	火棘 Pyracantha fortuneana			8.82 (2)
	野拔子 Elsholtzia rugulosa			7.18 (4)
	竹叶花椒 Zanthoxylum armatum			5.82 (5)
	六月雪 Serissa japonica			4.43 (6)
	多叶勾儿茶 Berchemia polyphylla			3.62 (7)
	马棘 Indigofera pseudotinctoria			2.66 (8)
	珍珠荚蒾 Viburnum foetidum var. ceanothoides			2.53 (9)
	香薷 Elsholtzia ciliata			2.20 (11)
	中华绣线菊 Spiraea chinensis			2.10 (12)
	物种 Species	F	FS	S	G	B
灌木 Shrub	黄脉莓 Rubus xanthoneurus			1.51 (13)
灌木 Shrub	金丝桃 Hypericum patulum			1.39 (14)
	马桑 Coriaria nepalensis			1.29 (15)
	红叶木姜子 Litsea rubescens			1.29 (16)
	来江藤 Brandisia hancei			1.29 (17)
	软条七蔷薇 Rosa henryi			1.25 (18)
	匍匐栒子 Cotoneaster adpressus			1.07 (24)
	悬钩子蔷薇 Rosa rubus			0.81 (29)
	灌木合计 Total of shrub	20.37	21.14	76.95
藤本 Liana	香花崖豆藤 Millettia dielsiana	2.25 (8)	2.25 (9)
	青蛇藤 Periploca calophylla	1.86 (10)	2.01 (12)
	异叶爬山虎 Parthenocissus heterophylla	1.15 (15)	1.06 (21)
	藤黄檀 Dalbergia hancei	0.98 (23)	2.23 (10)
	紫花络石 Trachelospermum axillare	0.78 (27)	1.90 (14)
	柱果铁线莲 Clematis uncinata	0.70 (29)	1.05 (23)
	地果 Ficus tikoua			1.11 (21)
	藤本合计 Total of liana	7.71	10.46	1.11
木本总计 Total of woody		80.14	77.69	82.80
草本 Herb	大披针薹草 Carex lanceolata	10.49 (1)	6.99 (2)	10.17 (2)	12.56 (2)
	千里光 Senecio scandens	7.63 (2)	6.71 (4)	3.67 (7)	4.96 (9)
	求米草 Oplismenus undulatifolius	7.32 (3)	1.58 (12)
	阔叶山麦冬 Liriope platyphylla	5.25 (4)	5.82 (5)		7.25 (4)
	石韦 Pyrrosia lingua	4.07 (5)	8.01 (1)		5.47 (7)
	十字薹草 Carex cruciata	3.01 (6)	1.29 (13)			2.17 (11)
	野雉尾金粉蕨 Onychium japonicum	2.96 (7)	3.08 (9)		2.99 (15)
	三脉紫菀 Aster ageratoides	2.51 (8)	1.11 (14)	4.96 (5)		2.72 (6)
	对马耳蕨 Polystichum tsus-simense	2.44 (9)	4.10 (7)	7.24 (3)
	三枝九叶草 Epimedium sagittatum	2.29 (10)
	茜草 Rubia cordifolia	1.57 (11)
	凤尾蕨 Pteris cretica var. intermedia	1.43 (12)
	分枝大油芒 Spodiopogon ramosus	1.41 (13)	2.48 (11)
	东亚唐松草 Thalictrum minus var. hypoleucum	1.18 (14)			4.42 (10)	2.17 (12)
	画笔南星 Arisaema penicillatum	1.16 (15)
	抱石莲 Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides		6.98 (3)		6.44 (6)
	五节芒 Miscanthus floridulus		5.66 (6)	2.38 (12)
	波缘冷水花 Pilea cavaleriei		3.29 (8)		3.38 (12)
	降龙草 Hemiboea subcapitata		3.06 (10)
	舌叶薹草 Carex ligulata		1.09 (15)
	黄背草 Themeda japonica			13.67 (1)	14.45 (1)
	矛叶荩草 Arthraxon lanceolatus			5.46 (5)	3.13 (14)	3.95 (3)
	硬秆子草 Capillipedium assimile			4.31 (6)
	臭根子草 Bothriochloa bladhii			3.13 (8)	6.73 (5)
	大丁草 Gerbera anandria			3.00 (9)
	牡蒿 Artemisia japonica			2.71 (10)
	堇菜 Viola verecunda			2.54 (11)
	物种 Species	F	FS	S	G	B
草本 Herb	爵床 Justicia procumbens			2.29 (13)
草本 Herb	假俭草 Eremochloa ophiuroides			2.27 (14)
	蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum			2.26 (15)
	黄茅 Heteropogon contortus				7.38 (3)
	细柄草 Capillipedium parviflorum				5.07 (8)
	细锥香茶菜 Rabdosia coetsoides				3.44 (11)
	火绒草 Leontopodium leontopodioides				3.23 (13)
	中国蕨 Sinopteris grevilleoides					33.63 (1)
	活血丹 Glechoma longituba					4.41 (2)
	单芽狗脊 Woodwardia unigemmata					3.42 (4)
	佩兰 Eupatorium fortunei					2.89 (5)
	白莲蒿 Artemisia sacrorum					2.61 (7)
	轮叶沙参 Adenophora tetraphylla					2.52 (8)
	猪殃殃 Galium aparine var. tenerum					2.52 (9)
	糙野青茅 Deyeuxia scabrescens					2.43 (10)
	尖苞艾纳香 Blumea henryi					2.13 (13)
	荒野蒿 Artemisia campestris					1.95 (14)
	蜘蛛香 Valeriana jatamansi					1.73 (15)
	草本合计 Total of herb	56.09	61.25	70.07	90.90	71.21