古尔班通古特沙漠一年生植物的氮吸收策略

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0420

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 760-770.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0420

所属专题：生态化学计量

古尔班通古特沙漠一年生植物的氮吸收策略

侯宝林, 庄伟伟()

新疆特殊环境物种多样性应用与调控重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830000; 新疆特殊环境物种多样性应用与调控重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830000; 新疆师范大学干旱区植物逆境生物学实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830000; 中亚区域有害生物联合控制国际研究中心, 乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2020-12-17 接受日期:2021-05-17 出版日期:2021-07-20 发布日期:2021-10-22
通讯作者: 庄伟伟
作者简介:* zww8611@sina.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41763009)

Nitrogen uptake strategy of annual plants in Gurbantünggüt Desert

HOU Bao-Lin, ZHUANG Wei-Wei()

Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, Ürümqi 830000, China; Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, Ürümqi 830000, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land, Xinjiang Normal University, Ürümqi 830000, China;

Received:2020-12-17 Accepted:2021-05-17 Online:2021-07-20 Published:2021-10-22
Contact: ZHUANG Wei-Wei
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41763009)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

同一生活型的植物可能通过吸收不同形态的氮来利用陆地生态系统中有限的氮, 避免和减少对资源的竞争, 从而完成共生。研究荒漠生态系统同一生活型植物对氮的利用是否存在生态位分离, 有助于深入了解荒漠植物的生存策略, 更好掌握氮利用对荒漠植物生存的影响。该研究利用¹⁵N同位素示踪法, 研究古尔班通古特沙漠中广泛分布的2种一年生植物——角果藜(Ceratocarpus arenarius)和碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)在不同月份和不同土壤深度对不同形态氮的吸收策略。结果显示, 在浅层土壤中, 2种植物7月的氮吸收速率均高于6月; 对比不同形态氮的吸收速率, 植物对无机氮的吸收均高于有机氮, 角果藜更偏好吸收硝态氮, 每克干根系最高氮吸收速率可达3.81 μg·h^-1, 碱蓬更偏好吸收铵态氮, 每克干根系最高氮吸收速率可达4.74 μg·h^-1; 从不同形态氮对总氮的贡献率看, 硝态氮是角果藜吸收氮的有利形态, 占比在35.7%-43.9%之间, 铵态氮是碱蓬吸收氮的有利形态, 占比最高可达48.3%, 最低也有40.0%。2种一年生植物不仅可以利用土壤中的无机氮, 也可以直接吸收利用土壤有机氮。研究结果表明: 在古尔班通古特沙漠生态系统中, 一年生植物对氮的吸收能力有着差异和多元化的特点, 且均可吸收土壤中的可溶性有机态氮源。

关键词: 一年生植物, 同位素标记, 氮吸收, 古尔班通古特沙漠

Abstract:

Aims Plants of the same life-form may utilize different forms of nitrogen to avoid or reduce the competition for resources, thus achieving co-existence. Studying on whether niche separation exists in nitrogen uptake by plants of the same life-form in desert ecosystems is helpful to understand the survival strategy of desert plants and the effect of nitrogen on the survival of desert plants.

Methods Two annual plants, Ceratocarpus arenarius and Suaeda glauca, are widely distributed in Gurbantünggüt Desert. ¹⁵N isotope tracer method was used to study the nitrogen uptake strategies of two desert annuals in different months and from different soil layers.

Important findings The results showed that the nitrogen absorption rates of the two plants in shallow soil were higher in July than those in June. Comparing the absorption rates of different nitrogen forms, plants preferred inorganic nitrogen to organic nitrogen. Ceratocarpus arenarius preferred nitrate nitrogen, and the highest nitrogen absorption rate was 3.81 μg·h^-1 per gram dry root, while S. glauca preferred ammonium nitrogen, and the highest nitrogen absorption rate was 4.74 μg·h^-1 per gram dry root. The contribution rates of nitrate nitrogen out of total nitrogen uptake ranged from 35.7% to 43.9% for C. arenarius; while the contribution rate of ammonium nitrogen out of total nitrogen uptake ranged from 40.0% to 48.3% for S. glauca. The two annual plants can not only utilize inorganic nitrogen, but also directly absorb organic nitrogen in soil. The findings showed that the nitrogen uptake capacity of annual plants in Gurbantünggüt desert was different and diversified, and all of them could absorb the soluble organic nitrogen sources in the soil.

Key words: annual plant, isotopic labeling, nitrogen absorption, Gurbantünggüt desert

侯宝林, 庄伟伟. 古尔班通古特沙漠一年生植物的氮吸收策略. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(7): 760-770. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0420

HOU Bao-Lin, ZHUANG Wei-Wei. Nitrogen uptake strategy of annual plants in Gurbantünggüt Desert. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(7): 760-770. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0420

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0420

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I7/760

图/表 9

表1 古尔班通古特沙漠样地不同月份各土壤深度土壤样品组成成分分析(平均值±标准差)

Table 1 Composition analysis of soil samples at various soil depths in different months of Gurbantünggüt Desert (mean ± SD)

土壤组成成分含量 Soil composition content	六月 June		七月 July
	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)		土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)
	0-5	5-15	0-5	5-15
土壤有机碳 Soil organic C (%)	2.20 ± 0.26	1.40 ± 0.10	2.37 ± 0.31	1.63 ± 0.21
总氮 Total N (%)	0.159 ± 0.008	0.086 ± 0.011	0.188 ± 0.030	0.091 ± 0.007
NH₄⁺-N (μg·g^-1)	12.563 ± 0.897	10.150 ± 1.697	13.800 ± 1.456	9.783 ± 1.262
NO₃^--N (μg·g^-1)	22.357 ± 3.446	18.587 ± 1.216	23.597 ± 3.118	17.407 ± 2.298
有机氮 Organic N (μg·g^-1)	12.747 ± 2.034	11.217 ± 1.216	12.717 ± 1.975	11.210 ± 1.800

图1 古尔班通古特沙漠2个物种的地上、地下生物量(平均值±标准差)。不同大写字母表示同一层次(地上或地下)的不同月份对比差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同小写字母表示同一月份的不同层次对比差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Above and below ground biomass of two species in Gurbantünggüt Desert (mean ± SD). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among different months for the same level (above or below ground); different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between different levels in the same month.

图2 古尔班通古特沙漠2物种6、7月的冠根比(平均值±标准差)。不同大写字母表示同一层次(地上或地下)的不同生长季对比差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同小写字母表示同一生长季的不同层次对比差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Shoot-to-root ratio of two species in Gurbantünggüt Desert in June and July (mean ± SD). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between different growing seasons for the same level (above or below ground); different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between different levels in the same growing season.

表2 物种、氮(N)形态、土壤深度、月份及其互作对植物氮吸收速率影响的四因素方差分析

Table 2 Four-way ANOVA analysis for the effects of species, month, nitrogen (N) form, soil depth, and their interactions on nitrogen uptake rate by plants

影响因子 Effect indicator	df	F	p
物种 Species	1	21.042	<0.001
氮形态 N form	2	98.604	<0.001
土壤深度 Soil depth	1	22.728	<0.001
月份 Month	1	4.110	0.048
物种×氮形态 Species × N form	2	55.760	<0.001
物种×土壤深度 Species × Soil depth	1	0.035	0.852
物种×月份 Species × Month	1	0.106	0.746
氮形态×土壤深度 N form × Soil depth	2	5.956	0.005
氮形态×月份 N form × Month	2	0.823	0.445
土壤深度×月份 Soil depth × Month	1	6.813	0.012
物种×氮形态×土壤深度 Species × N form × Soil depth	2	0.583	0.562
物种×氮形态×月份 Species × N form × Month	2	0.883	0.420
物种×土壤深度×月份 Species × Soil depth × Month	1	0.356	0.554
氮形态×土壤深度×月份 N form × Soil depth × Month	2	0.499	0.611
物种×氮形态×土壤深度×月份 Species × N form × Soil depth × Month	2	2.424	0.099

图3 物种、氮形态、土壤深度和月份对古尔班通古特沙漠角果藜(A, B)和碱蓬(C, D)吸收速率的影响(平均值±标准差)。不同大写字母表示同一月份和土壤深度3种形态的氮对比有显著差异(p < 0.05); 不同小写字母表示同一物种和氮形态不同土壤深度间对比有显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of species, nitrogen (N) morphology, soil depth and month on nitrogen uptake rate of Ceratocarpus arenarius (A, B) and Suaeda glauca (C, D) in Gurbantünggüt Desert (mean ± SD). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among the three forms in the same month and soil depth; different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two soil depths for the same species and nitrogen form.

图4 古尔班通古特沙漠角果藜(A)和碱蓬(B) 6月和7月的全氮吸收速率(平均值±标准差)。不同大写字母表示同一土壤深度不同物种对比差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同一月份不同土壤深度对比差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Total nitrogen uptake rates of Ceratocarpus arenarius (A) and Suaeda glauca (B) in Gurbantünggüt Desert in June and July (mean ± SD). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between different species at the same soil depth, and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between different soil depths in the same month for the same species.

图5 硝态氮、铵态氮和甘氨酸对古尔班通古特沙漠两种一年生植物物种总吸氮量的贡献率(%)。被黑色实线包围的区域是指6月, 阴影区域是指7月。

Fig. 5 Contribution rate (%) of nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen and glycine to the total nitrogen uptake of two annual plant species in Gurbantünggüt Desert. The area surrounded by the black solid line refers to June, while the shaded area refers to July.

表3 古尔班通古特沙漠两种一年生植物15N回收率(%)(平均值±标准差)

Table 3 15N recovery of two annual plants in Gurbantünggüt Desert (%)(mean ± SD)

回收率 Recovery (%)	角果藜 Ceratocarpus arenarius
	6月 June		7月 July
	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)		土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)
	0-5	5-15	0-5	5-15
¹⁵N-NO₃^-	0.330 ± 0.070^Aab	0.323 ± 0.057^Aab	0.423 ± 0.074^Aa	0.270 ± 0.036^Ab
¹⁵N-NH₄⁺	0.313 ± 0.048^Aab	0.223 ± 0.042^Bb	0.337 ± 0.051^ABa	0.260 ± 0.046^Aab
¹⁵N-Glyc	0.193 ± 0.029^Ba	0.190 ± 0.036^Ba	0.237 ± 0.038^Ba	0.227 ± 0.032^Aa
回收率 Recovery (%)	碱蓬 Suaeda glauca
	6月 June		7月 July
	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)		土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)
	0-5	5-15	0-5	5-15
¹⁵N-NO₃^-	0.420 ± 0.036^Aab	0.290 ± 0.050^Bc	0.503 ± 0.067^Aa	0.327 ± 0.060^ABbc
¹⁵N-NH₄⁺	0.487 ± 0.116^Aa	0.493 ± 0.071^Aa	0.527 ± 0.047^Aa	0.410 ± 0.044^Aa
¹⁵N-Glyc	0.187 ± 0.021^Bb	0.237 ± 0.051_Bab	0.287 ± 0.055^Ba	0.240 ± 0.036^Bab

图6 角果藜(A)和碱蓬(B)根系中13C和15N的单位摩尔原子百分超比值的差异(平均值±标准差)。

Fig. 6 Differences in the ratio of 13C and 15N per mole atomic percentage in the roots of Ceratocarpus arenarius (A) and Suaeda glauca (B)(mean ± SD).

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古尔班通古特沙漠一年生植物的氮吸收策略

Nitrogen uptake strategy of annual plants in Gurbantünggüt Desert

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