模拟氮沉降对鄂西南贫营养泥炭地两种藓类植物生长与分解的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0160

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 644-659.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0160 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2022.0160

所属专题：凋落物；苔藓生态

模拟氮沉降对鄂西南贫营养泥炭地两种藓类植物生长与分解的影响

李小玲¹^,², 朱道明³, 余玉蓉¹, 吴浩¹, 牟利¹, 洪柳¹, 刘雪飞¹, 卜贵军¹, 薛丹⁴, 吴林¹^,^*()

1.湖北民族大学林学园艺学院, 湖北恩施 445000
2.湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所, 湖北恩施 445000
3.恩施土家族苗族自治州中心医院, 湖北恩施 445000
4.中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室, 生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室, 中国科学院成都生物研究所, 成都 610041

接受日期:2022-09-28 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-02-28
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41867042)

Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on growth and decomposition of two bryophytes in ombrotrophic peatland, southwestern Hubei, China

LI Xiao-Ling¹^,², ZHU Dao-Ming³, YU Yu-Rong¹, WU Hao¹, MOU Li¹, HONG Liu¹, LIU Xue- Fei¹, BU Gui-Jun¹, XUE Dan⁴, WU Lin¹^,^*()

1. School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei 445000, China
2. Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, Hubei 445000, China
3. The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei 445000, China
4. Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China

Accepted:2022-09-28 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-02-28
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41867042)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以泥炭藓属(Sphagnum)植物为优势种的贫营养泥炭地是陆地生态系统重要的碳汇, 其优势植物的生长与分解动态关系着贫营养泥炭地碳汇潜力, 但有关氮沉降对贫营养泥炭地优势藓类植物生长与分解的影响还存在很大争议, 并且氮沉降对亚热带贫营养泥炭地优势藓类植物生长与分解的研究鲜有报道。该研究以鄂西南贫营养泥炭地为研究对象, 通过原位喷洒不同浓度的NH₄Cl溶液, 采用生物量收割法和分解袋法, 探讨模拟氮沉降对泥炭藓(S. palustre)与金发藓(Polytrichum commune)生长及分解的影响。研究结果表明: (1)氮沉降对两种藓类植物生长高度与生物量均有明显的影响, 且两种藓类植物生长存在一定的氮沉降阈值, 约为3 g·m^-2·a^-1; (2)氮沉降对两种藓类植物生长影响程度不同, 金发藓对氮沉降的响应灵敏度要大于泥炭藓; (3)高浓度氮沉降(6和12 g·m^-2·a^-1)抑制了泥炭藓分解, 低浓度氮沉降(3 g·m^-2·a^-1)对泥炭藓分解的影响取决于分解时间, 而所有浓度氮沉降均抑制了金发藓凋落物的分解; (4)分解1年以后, 泥炭藓的最终质量残留率平均值为105.99%, 金发藓的最终质量残留率平均值为70.79%, 金发藓的分解速率远大于泥炭藓; (5)氮沉降对两种藓类凋落物化学元素含量与化学计量比有显著影响, 且与分解时间密切相关。

关键词: 泥炭藓沼泽, 分解, 苔藓, 氮输入, 生产

Abstract:

Aims Ombrotrophic peatlands, dominated by Sphagnum, are important carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems. The dynamics of growth and decomposition of dominant plants usually determine the carbon sink potential of ombrotrophic peatland. However, it is still controversial how nitrogen deposition impact on the growth and decomposition of mosses in ombrotrophic peatland. Moreover, the effects of nitrogen deposition on the growth and decomposition of dominant mosses are rarely reported in subtropical ombrotrophic peatlands.
Methods We selected an ombrotrophic peatland in southwestern Hubei Province as the study area. Different concentrations of NH₄Cl solution were sprayed in situ. Here biomass harvesting and decomposition bag methods were adopted to estimate growth and litter decomposition of S. palustre and Polytrichum commune.
Important findings (1) Nitrogen deposition had obvious effects on the height and biomass of the two mosses. Moreover, there was a threshold value of nitrogen deposition at the level of about 3 g·m^-2·a^-1. (2) The effects of nitrogen deposition on the growth of the two mosses were different, and the response sensitivity of S. palustre to nitrogen deposition was greater than that of P. commune. (3) High nitrogen deposition levels (i.e., 6 and 12 g·m^-2·a^-1) inhibited the decomposition of S. palustre, while the effect of low nitrogen deposition (i.e., 3 g·m^-2·a^-1) on the decomposition of S. palustre depends on time. All the concentrations of nitrogen deposition inhibited the decomposition of P. commune litter. (4) After one year of decomposition, the average final mass residual percentage of S. palustre was 105.99%, and 70.79% for P. commune. The decomposition rate of P. commune was much higher than that of S. palustre. (5) Nitrogen deposition significantly affected the chemical element content and stoichiometric ratio of the two moss litters, and was closely related to decomposition time.

Key words: Sphagnum bog, decomposition, moss, nitrogen input, production

李小玲, 朱道明, 余玉蓉, 吴浩, 牟利, 洪柳, 刘雪飞, 卜贵军, 薛丹, 吴林. 模拟氮沉降对鄂西南贫营养泥炭地两种藓类植物生长与分解的影响. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(5): 644-659. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0160

LI Xiao-Ling, ZHU Dao-Ming, YU Yu-Rong, WU Hao, MOU Li, HONG Liu, LIU Xue- Fei, BU Gui-Jun, XUE Dan, WU Lin. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on growth and decomposition of two bryophytes in ombrotrophic peatland, southwestern Hubei, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(5): 644-659. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0160

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0160

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I5/644

图/表 12

表1 太山庙泥炭地主要物种重要值

Table 1 Important values of dominant plant species in Taishanmiao peatland

物种 Species	重要值 IV (%)	物种 Species	重要值 IV (%)
泥炭藓 Sphagnum palustre^*	90.23	耳叶杜鹃 Rhododendron auriculatum	24.94
大理薹草 Carex rubrobrunnea var. taliensis	62.31	芒 Miscanthus sinensis	23.45
齿缘吊钟花 Enkianthus serrulatus	61.83	茶荚蒾 Viburnum setigerum	13.26
多齿长尾槭 Acer caudatum var. multiserratum	48.00	紫萁 Osmunda japonica	11.64
金发藓 Polytrichum commune^*	40.35	华西华楸 Sorbus wilsoniana	9.18
西南凤尾蕨 Pteris wallichiana	36.25	湖北海棠 Malus hupehensis	8.43
灯心草 Juncus effusus	31.36	四川冬青 Ilex szechwanensis	6.19
小灯心草 Juncus bufonius	25.12	金丝桃 Hypericum monogynum	4.81

图1 太山庙泥炭地中泥炭藓和金发藓的分布模式。

Fig. 1 Distribution pattern of Sphagnum palustre and Polytrichum commune in Taishanmiao peatland.

表2 太山庙泥炭地中泥炭藓和金发藓的初始化学组分(平均值±标准误, n = 4)

Table 2 Initial chemical composition of Sphagnum palustre and Polytrichum commune in Taishanmiao peatland (mean ± SE, n = 4)

物种 Species	初始总碳(C)含量 Initial total carbon (C) content (%)	初始总氮(N)含量 Initial total nitrogen (N) content (%)	初始总酚含量 Initial total phenolics content (%)	初始C:N Initial C:N	初始总酚:C Initial total phenolics:C	初始总酚:N Initial total phenolics:N	初始灰分含量 Initial ash content (%)
泥炭藓 Sphagnum palustre	37.39 ± 0.07^b	0.98 ± 0.03^b	1.26 ± 0.02^b	39.50 ± 0.09^a	3.34 ± 0.04^b	1.29 ± 0.02^b	0.96 ± 0.02^b
金发藓 Polytrichum commune	42.28 ± 0.09^a	1.35 ± 0.01^a	2.04 ± 0.03^a	31.40 ± 0.22^b	4.83 ± 0.06^a	1.52 ± 0.01^a	4.17 ± 0.04^a

表3 氮沉降、物种及两者交互作用对两种苔藓高度增长量及净初级生产力影响的双因素方差分析

Table 3 Two-way ANOVA on the effects of nitrogen deposition, species and interaction on height increment, net primary productivity of two bryophytes

因素 Factor	df	高度增长量 Height increment (cm)		净初级生产力 Net primary productivity (g·m^-2)
因素 Factor	df	F	p	F	p
氮沉降 Nitrogen deposition	3	5.210	0.007	30.851	<0.001
物种 Species	1	129.062	<0.001	41.170	0.021
氮沉降×物种 Nitrogen deposition × species	3	1.231	0.320	4.502	0.102

图2 模拟氮沉降对生长季泥炭藓和金发藓高度增长量(A)及净初级生产力(B)的影响(平均值±标准误, n = 4)。不同小写字母表示泥炭藓在不同氮浓度间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示金发藓在不同氮浓度间差异显著(p < 0.05)。*表示不同物种间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on increment of height growth (A) and net primary productivity (B) of Sphagnum palustre and Polytrichum commune in the growing season (mean ± SE, n = 4). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at different nitrogen levels in Sphagnum palustre (p < 0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences at different nitrogen levels in Polytrichum commune (p < 0.05). * refers a significant difference between the two species (p < 0.05).

表4 凋落物的分解指标在氮沉降、分解时间及物种间的多因素方差分析

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of variance on the differences in the decomposing indicators of two bryophytes litters among nitrogen deposition, species and decomposition time

因素 Factor	df	质量残留率 Mass remaining rate (%)		总碳含量 Total carbon (C) content (%)		总氮含量 Total nitrogen (N) content (%)		总酚含量 Total polyphenol content (%)		碳氮比 C:N		总酚:氮 Total phenolics:N		灰分含量 Ash content (%)
因素 Factor	df	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
氮沉降 Nitrogen deposition	3	7.617	0.001	10.63	<0.001	2.769	0.045	6.607	<0.001	2.747	0.046	2.939	0.036	1.085	0.358
分解时间 Decomposition time	4	52.281	0.001	140.99	<0.001	40.725	<0.001	79.714	<0.001	14.593	<0.001	218.590	<0.001	2.541	0.043
物种 Species	1	222.556	<0.001	257.46	<0.001	53.950	<0.001	14.674	<0.001	97.856	<0.001	213.010	<0.001	0.563	0.048
氮沉降×物种 Nitrogen deposition × species	3	4.154	0.008	9.32	<0.001	4.811	0.003	1.684	0.174	4.507	0.005	0.576	0.632	0.871	0.458
氮沉降×分解时间 Nitrogen deposition × decomposition time	12	4.073	<0.001	1.43	0.163	3.137	0.001	2.238	0.014	3.017	0.001	2.752	0.002	0.949	0.502
物种×分解时间 Species × decomposition time	4	27.864	<0.001	15.49	<0.001	55.146	<0.001	12.199	<0.001	20.915	<0.001	199.327	<0.001	0.635	0.639
氮沉降×物种×分解时间 Nitrogen deposition × species × decomposition time	12	2.175	0.017	4.127	<0.001	1.336	0.207	2.429	0.007	1.743	0.066	2.535	0.005	0.899	0.550

图3 模拟氮沉降对泥炭藓(A)和金发藓(B)凋落物质量残留率的影响(平均值±标准误, n = 4)。N0、N3、N6及N12分别表示氮添加浓度为0、3、6及12 g·m-2·a-1。不同小写字母表示同一时间内不同氮浓度间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on remaining rate of Sphagnum palustre (A) and Polytrichum commune (B) litters (mean ± SE, n = 4). N0, N3, N6 and N12 represent nitrogen addition concentrations of 0, 3, 6 and 12 g·m-2·a-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at different nitrogen level at the same time periods (p < 0.05).

图4 模拟氮沉降对泥炭藓(A、C、E)和金发藓(B、D、F)凋落物元素含量的影响(平均值±标准误, n = 4)。N0、N3、N6及N12分别表示氮添加浓度为0、3、6及12 g·m-2·a-1。不同小写字母表示同一时间内不同氮浓度间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on element contents of the Sphagnum palustre (A, C, E) and Polytrichum commune (B, D, F) (mean ± SE, n = 4). N0, N3, N6 and N12 represent nitrogen addition concentrations of 0, 3, 6 and 12 g·m-2·a-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at different nitrogen level at the same time periods (p < 0.05).

图5 模拟氮沉降对泥炭藓(A、C)和金发藓(B、D)凋落物化学计量比的影响(平均值±标准误, n = 4)。N0、N3、N6及N12分别表示氮添加浓度为0、3、6及12 g·m-2·a-1。不同小写字母表示同一时间内不同氮浓度间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on element ratios of the Sphagnum palustre (A, C) and Polytrichum commune (B, D) litters (mean ± SE, n = 4). N0, N3, N6 and N12 represent nitrogen addition concentrations of 0, 3, 6 and 12 g·m-2·a-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at different nitrogen level at the same time periods (p < 0.05).

图6 模拟氮沉降对泥炭藓(A)和金发藓(B)凋落物灰分含量的影响(平均值±标准误, n = 4)。N0、N3、N6及N12分别表示氮添加浓度为0、3、6及12 g·m-2·a-1。不同小写字母表示同一时间内不同氮浓度间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 6 Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on ash content of Sphagnum palustre (A) and Polytrichum commune (B) litters (mean ± SE, n = 4). N0, N3, N6 and N12 represent nitrogen addition concentrations of 0, 3, 6 and 12 g·m-2·a-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at different nitrogen level at the same time periods (p < 0.05).

图7 模拟氮沉降对泥炭藓氮含量的影响(平均值±标准误, n = 4)。不同小写字母表示不同氮处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 7 Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on the total nitrogen content of Sphagnum palustre (mean ± SE, n = 4). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at different nitrogen levels (p < 0.05).

图8 苔藓植物初始化学组分与凋落物分解指标的相关性。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 8 Correlation between the initial chemical traits and the decomposition indicators of two bryophytes litters. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

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模拟氮沉降对鄂西南贫营养泥炭地两种藓类植物生长与分解的影响

Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on growth and decomposition of two bryophytes in ombrotrophic peatland, southwestern Hubei, China

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