盐胁迫对长穗偃麦草根系分泌氨基酸及其衍生物的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0082

植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 202-212.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0082

盐胁迫对长穗偃麦草根系分泌氨基酸及其衍生物的影响

郝欢欢¹^,², 李丹¹^,², 郭子华¹^,², 周澳¹^,², 李彦颉¹^,², 杨亮¹^,², 张冉¹^,², 卢英帅¹^,², 赵祥¹^,², 陈晓鹏¹^,²^,^*()

¹ 山西农业大学草业学院, 草地生态保护与乡土草种质创新山西省重点实验室, 山西太谷 030801
² 山西右玉黄土高原草地生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 山西右玉 037200

收稿日期:2025-03-05 接受日期:2025-06-09 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-02-13
通讯作者: *陈晓鹏(chenxp@sxau.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32271682)

Effects of salt stress on secretion of amino acids and their derivatives in root of Elytrigia elongata

HAO Huan-Huan¹^,², LI Dan¹^,², GUO Zi-Hua¹^,², ZHOU Ao¹^,², LI Yan-Jie¹^,², YANG Liang¹^,², ZHANG Ran¹^,², LU Ying-Shuai¹^,², ZHAO Xiang¹^,², CHEN Xiao-Peng¹^,²^,^*()

¹ College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecological Conservation and Native Grass Germplasm Innovation, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
² National Observation and Research Station for the Grassland Ecosystem on the Loess Plateau in Youyu, Shanxi Province, Youyu, Shanxi 037200, China

Received:2025-03-05 Accepted:2025-06-09 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-02-13
Contact: *CHEN Xiao-Peng (chenxp@sxau.edu.cn)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271682)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示耐盐植物根系分泌氨基酸及其衍生物对盐胁迫的响应机制, 该研究以长穗偃麦草(Elytrigia elongata)为研究对象, 通过添加NaCl设置对照、轻度、中度、重度4个盐胁迫强度, 利用液相色谱-质谱联用非靶向代谢物分析技术, 探究根系分泌氨基酸及其衍生物随盐胁迫强度增加的变化趋势, 及其与根系性状和根际土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明, 随着盐胁迫增强, 根系分泌的L-精氨酸、L-多巴色素、2,3,4,5-四氢吡啶-2,6-二甲酸、N-乙酰天门冬氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-蛋氨酸、反-3-羟基-L-脯氨酸、N-乙酰-L-苯丙氨酸显著减少, 而N-茉莉酸异亮氨酸、甜菜碱显著增加, 但甜菜碱的丰度在轻度、中度与重度胁迫间无显著差异, N-茉莉酸异亮氨酸的丰度仅轻度胁迫与对照间无显著差异, 哌可酸和高甲硫氨酸虽对盐胁迫有显著响应, 但随盐胁迫增强, 未呈线性变化, 其余氨基酸及其衍生物分泌量无显著变化。表明长穗偃麦草可通过调节根系分泌氨基酸及其衍生物的量来适应盐胁迫环境。土壤盐度、电导率、体积含水量、根总体积、根总表面积是甜菜碱、N-茉莉酸异亮氨酸分泌上调的关键影响因子; 土壤电导率是8种分泌下调氨基酸及其衍生物的关键影响因子。路径分析显示, 分泌上调和下调的10种氨基酸及其衍生物均受土壤电导率、pH调控。上述结果为深入理解植物适应盐胁迫的生理机制提供科学依据。

关键词: 长穗偃麦草, 盐胁迫, 根系分泌物, 氨基酸, 衍生物

Abstract:

Aims The objective of this study is to elucidate the response mechanism of amino acids and their derivatives secreted by the roots of salt-tolerant plants under salt stress.

Methods This study selected Elytrigia elongata as the research subject. Four levels of salt stress (CK, mild, moderate, and severe) were established by adding varying concentrations of NaCl. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to investigate the changing trends of root-secreted amino acids and derivatives in response to increasing salt stress intensity, as well as their relationships with root characteristics and the rhizosphere soil properties.

Important findings The results indicated that with escalating salt stress, the secretion of L-Arginine, L-Dopachrome, 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, N-Acetyl aspartic acid, L-Phenylalanine, L-Methionine, trans-3-Hydroxy-L-proline, and N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine significantly decreased. In contrast, betaine and N-Jasmonic acid isoleucine exhibited significant increases. However, no significant differences were observed in the abundance of betaine across mild, moderate, and severe stress conditions. There was only no significant difference in the abundance of N-jasmonic acid isoleucine between the mild stress group and the control group. Although the abundances of pipecolic acid and homomethionine exhibited a significant response to salt stress, they did not display a linear trend with increasing salt stress intensity. The secretion amounts of the other amino acids and derivatives showed no significant changes. These findings suggest that Elytrigia elongata adapts to salt-stressed environments by modulating the secretion of specific amino acids and derivatives. Soil salinity, electrical conductivity, volumetric water content, total root volume, and total root surface are key factors influencing the up-regulation of betaine and N-jasmonic acid isoleucine. Soil electrical conductivity serves as a key influencing factor for the secretion of eight down-regulated amino acids and their derivatives. Path analysis indicates that both the up-regulated and down-regulated groups of ten amino acids and their derivatives are regulated by soil electrical conductivity and pH. Collectively, these results provide a scientific foundation for understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying how plants adapt to salt stress.

Key words: Elytrigia elongata, salt stress, root exudates, amino acids, derivatives

郝欢欢, 李丹, 郭子华, 周澳, 李彦颉, 杨亮, 张冉, 卢英帅, 赵祥, 陈晓鹏. 盐胁迫对长穗偃麦草根系分泌氨基酸及其衍生物的影响. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(1): 202-212. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0082

HAO Huan-Huan, LI Dan, GUO Zi-Hua, ZHOU Ao, LI Yan-Jie, YANG Liang, ZHANG Ran, LU Ying-Shuai, ZHAO Xiang, CHEN Xiao-Peng. Effects of salt stress on secretion of amino acids and their derivatives in root of Elytrigia elongata. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(1): 202-212. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0082

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0082

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I1/202

图/表 6

图1 盐胁迫对根系分泌氨基酸及其衍生物丰度的影响(平均值±标准误)。A, N-茉莉酸异亮氨酸。B, 甜菜碱。C, L-精氨酸。D, L-多巴色素。E, 2,3,4,5-四氢吡啶-2,6-二甲酸。F, N-乙酰-L-天门冬氨酸。G, L-苯丙氨酸。H, L-蛋氨酸。I, 反-3-羟基-L-脯氨酸。J, N-乙酰-L -苯丙氨酸。K, 生物胞素。L, 瓜氨酸。M, 哌可酸。N, 高甲硫氨酸。O, 4-乙酰氨基丁酸。P, 酵母氨酸。对照(CK)、轻度(Mi)、中度(Mo)、重度(Se)胁迫NaCl浓度分别为0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%。不同小写字母表示不同盐胁迫强度间显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effects of salt stress on the relative abundance of amino acids and their derivatives secreted by roots (mean ± SE). A, N-Jasmonic acid isoleucine. B, Betaine. C, L-Arginine. D, L-Dopachrome. E, 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid. F, N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid. G, L-Phenylalanine. H, L-Methionine. I, Trans-3-Hydroxy-L-proline. J, N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine. K, Biocytin. L, Citrulline. M, Pipecolic acid. N, Homomethionine. O, 4-Acetamidobutanoic acid. P, Saccharopine. CK, mild (Mi), moderate (Mo), severe (Se) stress NaCl concentrations were 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference across different salt stress conditions (p < 0.05).

图2 长穗偃麦草根系分泌氨基酸及其衍生物丰度相对变化量(平均值±标准误)。轻度、中度、重度胁迫NaCl浓度分别为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 2 Relative changes in the abundance of amino acids and their derivatives secreted by the roots of Elytrigia elongata (mean ± SE). Mild, moderate, severe stress NaCl concentrations were 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图3 长穗偃麦草根系分泌氨基酸及其衍生物相对丰度主坐标分析(PCoA)。对照、轻度、中度、重度胁迫NaCl浓度分别为0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%。

Fig. 3 Principal Co-ordinates Analysis (PCoA) of the relative abundance of amino acids and their derivatives secreted by the roots of Elytrigia elongata. CK, mild, moderate, severe stress NaCl concentrations were 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%.

图4 盐胁迫下环境因子之间的皮尔逊相关性分析和环境因子与氨基酸及其衍生物丰度间的Mantel检验。DOC, 可溶性有机碳含量; DON, 可溶性有机氮含量; EC, 电导率; MBC, 微生物生物量碳含量; MBN, 微生物生物量氮含量; NH4+-N, 铵态氮含量; NO3--N, 硝态氮含量; Nort, 根尖数量; Rmd, 根平均直径; Salinity, 盐度; Tnor, 根总数量; Tpaor, 根总投影面积; Trl, 根总长; Trsa, 根总表面积; Trv, 根总体积; VWC, 体积含水量。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 4 Pearson correlation analysis among environmental factors and Mantel test between environmental factors and the abundance of amino acids and their derivatives under salt stress. DOC, dissolved organic carbon content; DON, dissolved organic nitrogen content; EC, electrical conductivity; MBC, microbial biomass carbon content; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen content; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen content; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen content; Nort, number of root tips; Rmd, root average diameter; Tnor, total number of roots; Tpaor, total projected area of roots; Trl, total root length; Trsa, total root surface area; Trv, total root volume; VWC, volumetric water content. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图5 根际土壤理化性质、植物根系性状对上调氨基酸及其衍生物(A)、下调氨基酸及其衍生物(B)贡献的随机森林模型分析。IncMSE, 均方误差增加的百分比。DOC, 可溶性有机碳含量; DON, 可溶性有机氮含量; EC, 电导率; NH4+-N, 铵态氮含量; NO3--N, 硝态氮含量; Salinity, 盐度; Trl, 根总长; Trsa, 根总表面积; Trv, 根总体积; VWC, 体积含水量。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ns, p  0.05。

Fig. 5 Random forest model analysis of the contributions of the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil and the traits of plant roots to the upregulated amino acids and their derivatives (A) and downregulated amino acids and their derivatives (B). IncMSE, increase in mean squared error. DOC, dissolved organic carbon content; DON, dissolved organic nitrogen content; EC, electrical conductivity; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen content; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen content; Trl, total root length; Trsa, total root surface area; Trv, total root volume; VWC, volumetric water content. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ns, p  0.05.

图6 盐胁迫上调(A)、下调(B)根系分泌氨基酸及其衍生物丰度的结构方程模型。红色实线代表显著正相关, 灰色实线代表显著负相关, 灰色虚线代表影响不显著。箭头旁数字代表标准化路径系数, R2代表模型的解释度。GOF, 拟合优度。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 6 Structural equation modeling of the abundances of amino acids and their derivatives secreted by roots that are upregulated (A) and downregulated (B) under salt stress. Red solid lines represent significant positive correlations, the gray solid lines indicate significant negative correlations, and the gray dashed lines denote non-significant effects. The numerical values next to the arrow denotes the normalized path coefficient, R2 denotes the interpretation degree of the model. GOF, goodness of fit. EC, electrical conductivity; Trl, total root length; Trv, total root volume. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

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盐胁迫对长穗偃麦草根系分泌氨基酸及其衍生物的影响

Effects of salt stress on secretion of amino acids and their derivatives in root of Elytrigia elongata

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