森林根系分泌物生态学研究: 问题与展望

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0156

植物生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1055-1070.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0156

• 综述 • 下一篇

森林根系分泌物生态学研究: 问题与展望

尹华军^1,^*(),张子良^1,²,刘庆¹

1中国科学院成都生物研究所, 中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室, 生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室, 成都 610041
2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2018-07-05 接受日期:2018-11-04 出版日期:2018-11-20 发布日期:2019-03-13
通讯作者: 尹华军
基金资助:
中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDB-SSW-SMC023);国家自然科学基金(31670449);国家自然科学基金(31872700);四川省重点研发项目(2017SZ0038)

Root exudates and their ecological consequences in forest ecosystems: Problems and perspective

Hua-Jun YIN^1,^*(),Zi-Liang ZHANG^1,²,Qing LIU¹

1Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2018-07-05 Accepted:2018-11-04 Online:2018-11-20 Published:2019-03-13
Contact: Hua-Jun YIN
Supported by:
Supported by the Frontier Science Key Research Programs of CAS(QYZDB-SSW-SMC023);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670449);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872700);the Sichuan Key R & D Program.(2017SZ0038)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物根际过程与调控机理研究已成为当前土壤学最活跃、最敏感的研究领域, 而根系分泌物作为根系-土壤-微生物界面物质能量交换和信息传递的重要媒介物质, 是构成根际微生态系统活力与功能特征的内在驱动因素, 是根际概念与根际过程存在的重要前提和基础。然而, 由于传统的根际过程研究更强调以实际生产问题为导向, 加之农作物生长周期较短、操作便利等诸多因素, 以往对植物根系分泌物研究主要聚焦在农业生态系统, 而有关根系分泌物在森林生态系统中的重要作用与调控机理研究甚少, 认识相对零散和片段化。基于此, 该文结合作者实际研究工作中的主要成果和该领域国际前沿动态, 综述了森林根系分泌物的生态重要性, 重点论述了目前森林根系分泌物生态学研究中存在的主要问题与不足, 在此基础上展望了未来森林根系分泌物生态学研究中值得关注的重点方向和研究内容。

关键词: 根际, 根系分泌物, 根系-土壤互作, 土壤生物地球化学循环, 根际功能属性, 森林

Abstract:

Researches on rhizosphere ecological processes and the underlying mechanisms have become one of the most active and sensitive hotspots in soil science. Root exudates have specialized roles in mediating the nutrient cycling and signal transduction within root-soil-microbe interactions. They are the key driving factors in regulating the functions of rhizosphere micro-ecosystem, and serve as a major premise for the concept and ecological processes in rhizosphere. However, due to the instinctive advantages of crops, such as short life cycles and convenient operation, most previous studies on root exudation mainly focused on agricultural ecosystems and were primarily targeted at providing practical guidelines. In contrast, there have been relatively few investigations on root exudates of trees, which highly limited the comprehensive knowledge of the potential mechanisms of root exudates in mediating soil biogeochemical processes in forest ecosystems. Hence, in this review, based on the main findings in our previous studies and the emerging frontiers in rhizosphere ecology, we specifically reviewed the ecological consequences and key remaining challenges in researches on root exudation in forests. Finally, we identify several topics and research outlooks for guiding future work to facilitate studies on root exudation and its ecological consequences in forest ecosystems.

Key words: rhizosphere, root exudate, root-soil interactions, soil biogeochemical processes, rhizosphere functional traits, forest

尹华军, 张子良, 刘庆. 森林根系分泌物生态学研究: 问题与展望. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(11): 1055-1070. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0156

Hua-Jun YIN, Zi-Liang ZHANG, Qing LIU. Root exudates and their ecological consequences in forest ecosystems: Problems and perspective. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(11): 1055-1070. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0156

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0156

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I11/1055

图/表 5

图1 全球气候变化背景下森林生态系统根际生物地球化学循环过程研究框架图。

Fig. 1 Conceptual framework of rhizosphere biogeochemical processes in forests under global climate change.

图2 根系分泌物诱导的土壤碳(C)矿化或根际激发效应机理。A, 传统的微生物共代谢机理——根系分泌物输入后主要促进微生物生长和活性, 并伴随着土壤C矿化加快。B, 新提出的根际激发效应机理——大量土壤C由于矿物保护而不能被微生物直接利用, 根系分泌物输入后通过络合作用和溶解反应等非微生物过程打破或者降低有机-矿质复合体稳定性, 将保护态C释放出来而增加了保护态C的微生物可达性。

Fig. 2 Proposed mechanisms for the exudate-induced acceleration of the microbial mineralization of soil organic carbon in the rhizosphere (i.e., rhizosphere priming effects). A, The traditional view is that root exudate compounds stimulate microbial growth and activity via co-metabolism, and so increase the overall physiological potential of the decomposer community for carbon mineralization. B, The alternative mechanism proposed here takes into account that large quantities of soil C are inaccessible to microbes owing to associations with mineral phases. Root exudates that can act as ligands effectively liberate C through complexation and dissolution reactions with protective mineral phases, thereby promoting its accessibility to microbes and accelerating its loss from the system through microbial mineralization.

图3 调控闸门假说概念框架图。I阶段: 生物不利用土壤有机质(SOM)转化为生物可利用SOM; II阶段: 生物可利用SOM在微生物作用下发生的矿化分解过程。

Fig. 3 Diagrammatic representation of the Regulatory Gate Hypothesis. I phrase is the abiological transformation of non-bioavailable soil organic matter (SOM). II phrase is the biological mineralization of bioavailable SOM.

图4 森林生态系统地下根源碳(C)输入到土壤中两种途径的示意图。

Fig. 4 Two pathways of root-derived carbon (C) input (i.e., root- and mycelium-derived C) to soils in forest ecosystems. N, nitrogen.

图5 拓展和丰富以根际区功能属性为代表的地下功能性状指标体系。

Fig. 5 Broadening functional traits of root and microbe in rhizosphere and enriching the suite of belowground functional traits.

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森林根系分泌物生态学研究: 问题与展望

Root exudates and their ecological consequences in forest ecosystems: Problems and perspective

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